标签:形式 log 证明 play blog sum 协议 exist 运用
\[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2 \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^{2}b_i^2 \]
等号成立的条件:
\[
iff:b_i=0 || \exists k \in \mathbb {R},a_i=k \cdot b_i(i \in \mathbb{N^+})
\]
思路:巧妙的把常数与方程结合起来,利用性质即可。
构造函数:
\[
f(t)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2\cdot t^2-2\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_it+\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2
\]
化简函数:
\[
f(t)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2\cdot t^2-2\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_it+\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2
\]
\[ =\sum_{i=1}^{n}(b_i^2t^2-2a_ib_it+a_i^2) \]
\[ =\sum_{i=1}^{n}(b_i^2t^2+a_i^2-2a_ib_it) \]
\[ =\sum_{i=1}^{n}(b_it-a_i)^2 \]
所以:
\[
f(t) \geq 0
\]
\[ \Delta t=b^2-4ac \]
\[ =4\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2b_i^2-4\times \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2 \times \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \leq 0 \]
所以:
\[
4\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2b_i^2 \leq 4\times \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2 \times \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2
\]
\[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \times \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2 \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2b_i^2 \]
证毕。
因为:
\[
f(t)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}(b_it-a_i)^2
\]
令\(f(t)=0\),即
\[
a_i=b_it
\]
此时:
\[
f(t)_{min}=0?
\]
即:
\[
\Delta t \leq 0
\]
故等号可取的一个充分条件即为:
\[
\exists k \in \mathbb {R},a_i=k \cdot b_i(i \in \mathbb{N^+})
\]
思路:运用分析法将原式子化简,使用绝对值三角不等式与均值不等式进行证明。
引用到的均值不等式(证明略):
\[
ab \leq \frac{a^2+b^2}{2}
\]
适用条件:
\[
a,b \in \mathbb {R^+}
\]
等号成立条件:
\[
iff:a=b
\]
要证:
\[
\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2 \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^{2}b_i^2
\]
开方得:
\[
\sqrt {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2} \geq |\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_i|
\]
只需证:
\[
|\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_i| \leq \sqrt {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}
\]
\[ \frac{|\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_i|}{\sqrt {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}}\leq 1 \]
由绝对值三角不等式:
\[
|a_1+a_2+a_3+\cdots+a_n| \leq |a_1|+|a_2|+|a_3|+ \cdots + |a_n|
\]
可得:
\[
|\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_i| \leq \sum_{i=1}^{n}|a_ib_i|
\]
所以:
\[
\frac{|\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_i|}{\sqrt {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}} \leq \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}|a_ib_i|}{\sqrt {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}}
\]
又因为:
\[
\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}|a_ib_i|}{\sqrt {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}}
\]
\[ =\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{|a_i|}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2}}\cdot \frac{|b_i|}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}} \]
由均值不等式:
\[
ab \leq \frac{a^2+b^2}{2}
\]
可得:
\[
\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{|a_i|}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2}}\cdot \frac{|b_i|}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}}
\]
\[ \leq \frac{1}{2}\cdot \sum_{i=1}^{n}(\frac{a_i^2}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2}+ \frac{b_i^2}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}) \]
\[ \leq \frac{1}{2}\cdot (\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2}+ \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}) \]
\[ \leq \frac{1}{2} \times 2 = 1 \]
即:
\[
\frac{|\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_i|}{\sqrt {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2}}\leq 1
\]
\[ |\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_i| \leq \sqrt {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2} \]
\[ \sqrt {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2} \geq |\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ib_i| \]
\[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^2 \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i^2 \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i^{2}b_i^2 \]
证毕。
因为:
\[
|\vec a \cdot \vec b| \leq |\vec a|\cdot |\vec b|
\]
所以:
\[
|\vec a \cdot \vec b|^2 \leq |\vec a|^2\cdot |\vec b|^2
\]
\(\vec a,\vec b\)为\(n\)维向量时,用坐标的形式展开即可证明。
当\(\vec a=k\vec b\),即\(a\),\(b\)共线时,等号成立。
标签:形式 log 证明 play blog sum 协议 exist 运用
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/BeyondLimits/p/12203853.html