标签:arm架构 code 拓扑图 细节 常见 form 拓扑 drive idt
arch/arm/boot/dts
。设备树(Dervice tree source) 最早用于PowerPC等其他体系架构,后来应用到ARM架构。设备树的编译、加载过程图:
.dts文件是一种ASCII文本对Device Tree的描述,放置在内核的/arch/arm/boot/dts目录。一般而言,一个.dts文件对应一个ARM的machine。
由于一个SOC可能有多个不同的电路板(.dts文件为板级定义, .dtsi文件为SoC级定义),而每个电路板拥有一个 .dts。这些dts势必会存在许多共同部分,为了减少代码的冗余,设备树将这些共同部分提炼保存在.dtsi文件中,供不同的dts共同使用。.dtsi的使用方法,类似于C语言的头文件,在dts文件中需要进行include .dtsi
文件。当然,dtsi本身也支持include 另一个dtsi文件。
DTC为编译工具,dtc编译器可以把dts文件编译成为dtb,也可把dtb编译成为dts文件。在3.x内核版本中,DTC的源码位于内核的scripts/dtc目录,内核选中CONFIG_OF (即Open Firmware),编译内核的时候,主机可执行程序DTC就会被编译出来。 即scripts/dtc/Makefile中
hostprogs-y := dtc
always := $(hostprogs-y)
在内核的arch/arm/boot/dts/Makefile中,若选中某种SOC,则与其对应相关的所有dtb文件都将编译出来。在linux下,make dtbs可单独编译dtb。以下截取了TEGRA平台的一部分。
ifeq ($(CONFIG_OF),y)
dtb-$(CONFIG_ARCH_TEGRA) += tegra20-harmony.dtb tegra30-beaver.dtb tegra114-dalmore.dtb tegra124-ardbeg.dtb
DTC的源码位于内核的arch/${ARCH}/boot/dtc-src
目录。本人使用的hi3531(Linux-3.18)中,编译以后的工具在scripts/dtc/dtc
中。
注意:
DT : Device Tree FDT : Flattened DeviceTree OF : Open Firmware DTS : Device Tree Source DTSI : Device Tree Source Include DTB : Device Tree Blob DTC : Device Tree Compiler
dtb-$(CONFIG_ARCH_EXYNOS) += exynos4210-origen.dtb exynos4210-smdkv310.dtb exynos4412-origen.dtb
我们可以单独编译Device Tree文件。当我们在Linux内核下运行make dtbs时,若我们之前选择了ARCH_EXYNOS,上述.dtb都会由对应的.dts编译出来 DTC除了可以编译.dts文件以外,其实也可以“反汇编”.dtb文件为.dts文件,其指令格式为: ./scripts/dtc/dtc -I dtb -O dts -o xxx.dts arch/arm/boot/dts/xxx.dtb
arch/arm/boot/dts/
<name>[@<unit-address>]
举例:
cpus {}
serial@101F2000 { }
ethernet@0,0 {}
简单的键-值对,它的值可以为空或者包含一个任意字节流。虽然数据类型并没有编码进数据结构,但在设备树源文件中任有几个基本的
数据表示形式
:
string-property = "a string"
cell-property = <0xbeef 123 0xabcd1234>
binary-property = [01 23 45 67];
mixed-property = "a string", [01 23 45 67], <0x12345678>;
string-list = "red fish", "blue fish";
compatible = "<manufacturer>,<model>" [, "model"]
#manufacturer指定厂家名,model指定特定设备型号,后续的model指定兼容的设备型号。
举例:
compatible = "smc, smc91c11";
compatible = "samsung,k8f1315ebm", "cfi-flash";
#address-cells = <1>
: 基地址、片选号等绝对起始地址所占字长,单位uint32#size-cells = <1>
: 长度所占字长,单位uint32external-bus {
#address-cells = <2>
#size-cells = <1>;
ethernet@0,0 {
compatible = "smc,smc91c111";
reg = <0 0 0x1000>; // 地址占两个cells, 长度占1个cells
nterrupts = < 5 2 >;
};
}
reg = ...
: addr表明基址,len表明长度,addr由#address-cells
个uint32值组成,len由#size-cells
个uint32值组成。表明了设备使用的一个地址范围。
/{
compatible = "acme,coyotes-revenge";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
serial@101f2000 {
compatible = "arm,pl011";
reg = <0x101f2000 0x1000 >;
interrupts = < 2 0 >;
};
}
interrupt-parent - 设备结点透过它来指定它所依附的中断控制器的phandle,当结点没有指定interrupt-parent时,则从父级结点继承。
interrupt-controller - 一个空的属性定义该节点作为一个接收中断信号
的设备
#interrupt-cells - 表明连接此中断控制器的设备的interrupts属性的cell大小(个数)
interrupts - 一个中断指示符的列表,对应于该设备上的每个中断输出信号,在ARM GIC中:
当#interrupt-cells为3时,interrupts包含三个cells,如interrupts = <0 168 4> [, <0 169 4>]
当#interrupt-cells为2时,interrupts包含2个cells,如interrupts = <2 4>
备注:ARM GIC V3说明:kernel/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/gic.txt
reg - 指定基物理地址和所述GIC寄存器的大小
/ {
compatible = "acme,coyotes-revenge";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;//指定依附的中断控制器是intc
serial@101f0000 { //子节点:串口设备
compatible = "arm,pl011";
reg = <0x101f0000 0x1000 >;
interrupts = < 1 0 >;
};
intc: interrupt-controller@10140000 { //intc中断控制器
compatible = "arm,pl190";
reg = <0x10140000 0x1000 >;
interrupt-controller;//定义为中断控制器设备
#interrupt-cells = <2>;
};
}
mt7628/mt7688的设备树管脚配置参考openwrt/build_dir/target-mipsel_24kc_glibc-2.24/linux-ramips_mt7688/linux-4.4.167/arch/mips/ralink/mt7620.c文件
//mt7628an.dtsi文件
/ {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
compatible = "ralink,mtk7628an-soc";
cpus {
cpu@0 {
compatible = "mips,mips24KEc";
};
};
chosen {
bootargs = "console=ttyS0,57600";
};
aliases {
serial0 = &uartlite;
};
cpuintc: cpuintc@0 {
#address-cells = <0>;
#interrupt-cells = <1>;
interrupt-controller;
compatible = "mti,cpu-interrupt-controller";
};
palmbus: palmbus@10000000 {
compatible = "palmbus";
reg = <0x10000000 0x200000>;
ranges = <0x0 0x10000000 0x1FFFFF>;
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
sysc: sysc@0 {
compatible = "ralink,mt7620a-sysc";
reg = <0x0 0x100>;
};
watchdog: watchdog@120 {
compatible = "ralink,mt7628an-wdt", "mtk,mt7621-wdt";
reg = <0x120 0x10>;
resets = <&rstctrl 8>;
reset-names = "wdt";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <24>;
};
intc: intc@200 {
compatible = "ralink,mt7628an-intc", "ralink,rt2880-intc";
reg = <0x200 0x100>;
resets = <&rstctrl 9>;
reset-names = "intc";
interrupt-controller;
#interrupt-cells = <1>;
interrupt-parent = <&cpuintc>;
interrupts = <2>;
ralink,intc-registers = <0x9c 0xa0
0x6c 0xa4
0x80 0x78>;
};
memc: memc@300 {
compatible = "ralink,mt7620a-memc", "ralink,rt3050-memc";
reg = <0x300 0x100>;
resets = <&rstctrl 20>;
reset-names = "mc";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <3>;
};
gpio@600 {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
compatible = "mtk,mt7628-gpio", "mtk,mt7621-gpio";
reg = <0x600 0x100>;
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <6>;
gpio0: bank@0 {
reg = <0>;
compatible = "mtk,mt7621-gpio-bank";
gpio-controller;
#gpio-cells = <2>;
};
gpio1: bank@1 {
reg = <1>;
compatible = "mtk,mt7621-gpio-bank";
gpio-controller;
#gpio-cells = <2>;
};
gpio2: bank@2 {
reg = <2>;
compatible = "mtk,mt7621-gpio-bank";
gpio-controller;
#gpio-cells = <2>;
};
};
i2c: i2c@900 {
compatible = "mediatek,mt7621-i2c";
reg = <0x900 0x100>;
resets = <&rstctrl 16>;
reset-names = "i2c";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
status = "disabled";
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&i2c_pins>;
};
i2s: i2s@a00 {
compatible = "mediatek,mt7628-i2s";
reg = <0xa00 0x100>;
resets = <&rstctrl 17>;
reset-names = "i2s";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <10>;
txdma-req = <2>;
rxdma-req = <3>;
dmas = <&gdma 4>,
<&gdma 6>;
dma-names = "tx", "rx";
status = "disabled";
};
spi0: spi@b00 {
compatible = "ralink,mt7621-spi";
reg = <0xb00 0x100>;
resets = <&rstctrl 18>;
reset-names = "spi";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&spi_pins>;
status = "disabled";
};
uartlite: uartlite@c00 {
compatible = "ns16550a";
reg = <0xc00 0x100>;
reg-shift = <2>;
reg-io-width = <4>;
no-loopback-test;
clock-frequency = <40000000>;
resets = <&rstctrl 12>;
reset-names = "uartl";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <20>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&uart0_pins>;
};
uart1: uart1@d00 {
compatible = "ns16550a";
reg = <0xd00 0x100>;
reg-shift = <2>;
reg-io-width = <4>;
no-loopback-test;
clock-frequency = <40000000>;
resets = <&rstctrl 19>;
reset-names = "uart1";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <21>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&uart1_pins>;
status = "disabled";
};
uart2: uart2@e00 {
compatible = "ns16550a";
reg = <0xe00 0x100>;
reg-shift = <2>;
reg-io-width = <4>;
no-loopback-test;
clock-frequency = <40000000>;
resets = <&rstctrl 20>;
reset-names = "uart2";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <22>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&uart2_pins>;
status = "disabled";
};
pwm: pwm@5000 {
compatible = "mediatek,mt7628-pwm";
reg = <0x5000 0x1000>;
resets = <&rstctrl 31>;
reset-names = "pwm";
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&pwm0_pins>, <&pwm1_pins>;
status = "disabled";
};
pcm: pcm@2000 {
compatible = "ralink,mt7620a-pcm";
reg = <0x2000 0x800>;
resets = <&rstctrl 11>;
reset-names = "pcm";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <4>;
status = "disabled";
};
gdma: gdma@2800 {
compatible = "ralink,rt3883-gdma";
reg = <0x2800 0x800>;
resets = <&rstctrl 14>;
reset-names = "dma";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <7>;
#dma-cells = <1>;
#dma-channels = <16>;
#dma-requests = <16>;
status = "disabled";
};
};
pinctrl: pinctrl {
compatible = "ralink,rt2880-pinmux";
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&state_default>;
state_default: pinctrl0 {
};
spi_pins: spi {
spi {
ralink,group = "spi";
ralink,function = "spi";
};
};
spi_cs1_pins: spi_cs1 {
spi_cs1 {
ralink,group = "spi cs1";
ralink,function = "spi cs1";
};
};
i2c_pins: i2c {
i2c {
ralink,group = "i2c";
ralink,function = "i2c";
};
};
uart0_pins: uartlite {
uartlite {
ralink,group = "uart0";
ralink,function = "uart0";
};
};
uart1_pins: uart1 {
uart1 {
ralink,group = "uart1";
ralink,function = "uart1";
};
};
uart2_pins: uart2 {
uart2 {
ralink,group = "uart2";
ralink,function = "uart2";
};
};
sdxc_pins: sdxc {
sdxc {
ralink,group = "sdmode";
ralink,function = "sdxc";
};
};
pwm0_pins: pwm0 {
pwm0 {
ralink,group = "pwm0";
ralink,function = "pwm0";
};
};
pwm1_pins: pwm1 {
pwm1 {
ralink,group = "pwm1";
ralink,function = "pwm1";
};
};
pcm_i2s_pins: i2s {
i2s {
ralink,group = "i2s";
ralink,function = "pcm";
};
};
};
rstctrl: rstctrl {
compatible = "ralink,mt7620a-reset", "ralink,rt2880-reset";
#reset-cells = <1>;
};
clkctrl: clkctrl {
compatible = "ralink,rt2880-clock";
#clock-cells = <1>;
};
usbphy: usbphy@10120000 {
compatible = "ralink,mt7628an-usbphy", "mediatek,mt7620-usbphy";
reg = <0x10120000 0x1000>;
#phy-cells = <1>;
resets = <&rstctrl 22 &rstctrl 25>;
reset-names = "host", "device";
clocks = <&clkctrl 22 &clkctrl 25>;
clock-names = "host", "device";
};
sdhci: sdhci@10130000 {
compatible = "ralink,mt7620-sdhci";
reg = <0x10130000 0x4000>;
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <14>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&sdxc_pins>;
status = "disabled";
};
ehci: ehci@101c0000 {
compatible = "generic-ehci";
reg = <0x101c0000 0x1000>;
phys = <&usbphy 1>;
phy-names = "usb";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <18>;
};
ohci: ohci@101c1000 {
compatible = "generic-ohci";
reg = <0x101c1000 0x1000>;
phys = <&usbphy 1>;
phy-names = "usb";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <18>;
};
ethernet: ethernet@10100000 {
compatible = "ralink,rt5350-eth";
reg = <0x10100000 0x10000>;
interrupt-parent = <&cpuintc>;
interrupts = <5>;
resets = <&rstctrl 21 &rstctrl 23>;
reset-names = "fe", "esw";
mediatek,switch = <&esw>;
};
esw: esw@10110000 {
compatible = "mediatek,mt7628-esw", "ralink,rt3050-esw";
reg = <0x10110000 0x8000>;
resets = <&rstctrl 23>;
reset-names = "esw";
interrupt-parent = <&intc>;
interrupts = <17>;
};
pcie: pcie@10140000 {
compatible = "mediatek,mt7620-pci";
reg = <0x10140000 0x100
0x10142000 0x100>;
#address-cells = <3>;
#size-cells = <2>;
interrupt-parent = <&cpuintc>;
interrupts = <4>;
resets = <&rstctrl 26 &rstctrl 27>;
reset-names = "pcie0", "pcie1";
clocks = <&clkctrl 26 &clkctrl 27>;
clock-names = "pcie0", "pcie1";
status = "disabled";
device_type = "pci";
bus-range = <0 255>;
ranges = <
0x02000000 0 0x00000000 0x20000000 0 0x10000000 /* pci memory */
0x01000000 0 0x00000000 0x10160000 0 0x00010000 /* io space */
>;
pcie-bridge {
reg = <0x0000 0 0 0 0>;
#address-cells = <3>;
#size-cells = <2>;
device_type = "pci";
};
};
wmac: wmac@10300000 {
compatible = "mediatek,mt7628-wmac";
reg = <0x10300000 0x100000>;
interrupt-parent = <&cpuintc>;
interrupts = <6>;
status = "disabled";
mediatek,mtd-eeprom = <&factory 0x0000>;
};
};
标签:arm架构 code 拓扑图 细节 常见 form 拓扑 drive idt
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/schips/p/12208339.html