装饰器

def makeBold(fun):
    print("***** 1 *******")
    def wrapped():
        print("------ 1 ------")
        return "<b> " + fun() + " <\\b>"
    return wrapped


def makeItalic(fun):
    print("***** 2 *******")
    def wrapped():
        print("------- 2 ------")
        return "<i> " + fun() + " <\i>"
    return wrapped


@makeBold
@makeItalic
def fun():
    return "hello world"


print(fun())

输出：

***** 2 *******
***** 1 *******
------ 1 ------
------- 2 ------
<b> <i> hello world <\i> <\b>