4、读写分离---双主双从（mycat）

时间：2020-02-13 20:50:13 阅读：88 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

标签：osi dead 开始 write 主服务器 XML form slave var

双主双从

一个主机 m1 用于处理所有写请求，它的从机 s1 和另一台主机 m2 还有它的从机 s2 负责所有读请

求。当 m1 主机宕机后，m2 主机负责写请求，m1、m2 互为备机。

角色地址

master1 192.168.199.231

slave1 192.168.199.185

master2 192.168.199.120

slave2 192.168.199.174

注意：在一主一从基本上需要删除testdb以及恢复从机

mater1配置

修改/etc/my.cnf文件

#主服务器唯一ID
server-id=1
##启用二进制日志
log-bin=mysql-bin
## 设置不要复制的数据库(可设置多个)
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
##binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
##设置需要复制的数据库
binlog-do-db=testdb
##设置logbin格式
binlog_format=STATEMENT

新加配置

# 在作为从数据库的时候，有写入操作也要更新二进制日志文件
log-slave-updates
#表示自增长字段每次递增的量，指自增字段的起始值，其默认值是1，取值范围是1 .. 65535
auto-increment-increment=2 
## 表示自增长字段从哪个数开始，指字段一次递增多少，他的取值范围是1 .. 65535
auto-increment-offset=1

master2配置

/etc/my.cnf

#主服务器唯一ID
server-id=3 
#启用二进制日志
log-bin=mysql-bin
# 设置不要复制的数据库(可设置多个)
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
#设置需要复制的数据库
binlog-do-db=testdb
##设置logbin格式
binlog_format=STATEMENT
## 在作为从数据库的时候，有写入操作也要更新二进制日志文件
log-slave-updates 
##表示自增长字段每次递增的量，指自增字段的起始值，其默认值是1，取值范围是1 .. 65535
auto-increment-increment=2 
## 表示自增长字段从哪个数开始，指字段一次递增多少，他的取值范围是1 .. 65535
auto-increment-offset=2

slave1配置

#从服务器唯一ID
server-id=2
##启用中继日志
relay-log=mysql-relay

slave2配置

#从服务器唯一ID
server-id=4 
#启用中继日志
relay-log=mysql-relay

①、配置好哦之后进行mysql服务的重启

②、关闭防火墙

③、在两台主机上建立帐户并授权 slave

#在主机MySQL里执行授权命令
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘slave‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123123‘;

查看主机master1状态

mysql> show master status
    -> ;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000010 |      120 | testdb       | mysql            |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查询Master2的状态

mysql> show master status
    -> ;
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB         | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      120 | testdb       | mysql,information_schema |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#分别记录下File和Position的值

#执行完此步骤后不要再操作主服务器MYSQL，防止主服务器状态值变化

在两台主机创建slave

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘slave‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123123‘;

④、在从机上配置需要复制的主机

slave1·

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.199.231‘,
    -> MASTER_USER=‘slave‘,
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD=‘123123‘,
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000010‘,MASTER_LOG_POS=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

slave2

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.199.120‘,
-> MASTER_USER=‘slave‘,
-> MASTER_PASSWORD=‘123123‘,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000002‘,MASTER_LOG_POS=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

此时master1和slave1，master2和slave2的主从复制搭建完成

⑤、两个主机互相复制

master1和master2互备主从赋值

master1执行（即连接master2的主机IP地址）

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

master2执行（即连接master1的主机IP地址）

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.199.231‘,
    -> MASTER_USER=‘slave‘,
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD=‘123123‘,
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000010‘,MASTER_LOG_POS=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

⑥、 Master1 主机新建库、新建表、insert 记录，Master2 和从机复制

创建数据库

master1

mysql> create database testdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| metastore          |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| testdb             |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

slave2

mysql>  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| metastore          |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| testdb             |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

master2

mysql>  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| metastore          |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| testdb             |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

slave2

mysql>  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| metastore          |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| testdb             |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

创建表以及插入数据

master1

mysql> use testdb;
Database changed

mysql> create table tbl(id int,name varchar(40));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> insert into tbl values (1,‘mrchengs‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

slave1

mysql> use testdb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

master2

mysql> use testdb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed


mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

slave2

mysql> use testdb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mycat的使用

①、修改schema.xml配置文件

配置项说明

#balance="1": 全部的readHost与stand by writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡。

#writeType="0": 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost，第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个

#writeType="1"，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的 writeHost，1.5 以后废弃不推荐

#writeHost，重新启动后以切换后的为准，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties 。

#switchType=

　　1 : 1 默认值，自动切换。

　　 -1 表示不自动切换

　　 2 基于 MySQL 主从同步的状态决定是否切换。

②、启动mycat

③、验证读写分离

在master1上执行插入语句

INSERT INTO mytbl VALUES(3,@@hostname);

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+-----------------------+
| id   | name                  |
+------+-----------------------+
|    1 | mrchengs              |
|    3 | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

slave2

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
|    3 | mycat03  |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

master2

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
|    3 | mycat04  |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

slave2

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
|    3 | mycat05  |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

④、登陆mycat

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -umycat -p123456 -P 8066 -h 192.168.199.217

进行验证读写分离

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
|    3 | mycat04  |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
|    3 | mycat03  |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
|    3 | mycat05  |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.07 sec)

⑤、高可用下的抗风险能力（高可用）

关闭master1查询在配置文件中配置是否进行切换写主机数据库

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mysql
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2020-02-13 20:15:06 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 1632 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 1070 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Feb 13 19:18:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
Feb 13 19:18:33 localhost.localdomain mysql[1070]: Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
Feb 13 19:18:33 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
Feb 13 20:14:50 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping LSB: start and stop MySQL...
Feb 13 20:15:06 localhost.localdomain mysql[1632]: Shutting down MySQL.............. SUCCESS!
Feb 13 20:15:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped LSB: start and stop MySQL.

mycat客户端中执行插入代码

mysql> INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(100,@@hostname);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.15 sec)

启动master1进行查看数据、

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+-----------------------+
| id   | name                  |
+------+-----------------------+
|    1 | mrchengs              |
|    3 | localhost.localdomain |
|  100 | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在mycat上进行查询

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
|    3 | mycat05  |
|  100 | mycat05  |
+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+-----------------------+
| id   | name                  |
+------+-----------------------+
|    1 | mrchengs              |
|    3 | localhost.localdomain |
|  100 | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from tbl;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | mrchengs |
|    3 | mycat03  |
|  100 | mycat03  |
+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时master1成为读主机

此时master2成为写主机

4、读写分离---双主双从（mycat）

标签：osi dead 开始 write 主服务器 XML form slave var

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Mrchengs/p/12300626.html

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