标签:getter str 演进 笔记 inter model jaxb run 泛型类
前言:
最近的工作内容跟银行有些交互, 对方提供的数据格式采用xml(不是预期的json/protobuf). 为了开发方便, 需要借助jaxb来实现xml和java对象之间的映射. 它还是有点像jackson, 通过简单的注解配置, 就能轻松实现json和java对象的互转. 不过笔者在java类中引入泛型时, 还是踩了不少jaxb的坑, 这边做下笔记.
实现的目标:
交互的数据格式和协议遵循通用的设计, 由header和body构成.
请求的数据格式如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<root>
<!-- 请求头 -->
<header></header>
<request>
<!-- 具体的请求参数, 根据接口而定 -->
</request>
</root>
响应的数据格式如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<root>
<!-- 响应头 -->
<header></header>
<response>
<!-- 具体的响应结果, 根据接口而定 -->
</response>
</root>
header信息头相对固定, 而具体的request/response取决于具体的业务接口, 在进行对象映射中, 我们也是针对body消息体进行泛型化.
请求类抽象和测试代码:
针对请求的数据格式, 我们可以轻易的设计如下类结构:
// *) 请求类(模板)
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class Req<T> {
private String header;
private T value;
}
// *) 具体的实体请求
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class EchoBody {
private String key;
}
注: 这边的注解Getter/Setter/ToString等皆是lombok的注解.
测试代码如下:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Req<EchoBody> req = new Req<EchoBody>();
req.setHeader("header");
req.setValue(new EchoBody("key"));
try {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(req.getClass());
Marshaller marshaller = context.createMarshaller();
marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);
marshaller.marshal(req, sw);
System.out.println(sw.toString());
} catch (JAXBException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
注: 该代码主要测试对象到xml的转换是否顺利.
演进和迭代:
先来看第一版本, 引入jaxb注解, 同时省略lombok注解.
@XmlRootElement(name="root")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class Req<T> {
@XmlElement(name="header",required = true)
private String header;
@XmlElement(name="request", required = true)
private T value;
}
@XmlRootElement(name="request")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class EchoBody {
@XmlElement(name="key", required = true)
private String key;
}
运行测试的结果如下:
javax.xml.bind.MarshalException
- with linked exception:
[com.sun.istack.internal.SAXException2: class com.test.Test$EchoBody以及其任何超类对此上下文都是未知的。
javax.xml.bind.JAXBException: class com.test.Test$EchoBody以及其任何超类对此上下文都是未知的。]
at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.MarshallerImpl.write(MarshallerImpl.java:311)
at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.MarshallerImpl.marshal(MarshallerImpl.java:236)
at javax.xml.bind.helpers.AbstractMarshallerImpl.marshal(AbstractMarshallerImpl.java:116)
at com.test.Test.main(Test.java:55)`
来首战遇到一些小挫折, 通过百度得知需要借助@XmlSeeAlso类规避该问题.
修改代码如下:
@XmlRootElement(name="root")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlSeeAlso({EchoBody.class})
public class Req<T> {
@XmlElement(name="header",required = true)
private String header;
@XmlElement(name="request", required = true)
private T value;
}
@XmlRootElement(name="request")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class EchoBody {
@XmlElement(name="key", required = true)
private String key;
}
运行后的输出结果如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<root>
<header>header</header>
<request xsi:type="echoBody" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<key>key</key>
</request>
</root>
看来非常的成功, 但是request标签里包含了xsi:type和xmlns:xsi这些属性, 能否把这些信息去除, 网上查阅得知, 借助@XmlAnyElement(lax = true)来达到目的, 再次修改版本.
@XmlRootElement(name="root")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlSeeAlso({EchoBody.class})
public class Req<T> {
@XmlElement(name="header",required = true)
private String header;
@XmlAnyElement(lax = true)
private T value;
}
@XmlRootElement(name="request")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class EchoBody {
@XmlElement(name="key", required = true)
private String key;
}
这次的结果可以称得上完美(perfect):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<root>
<header>header</header>
<request>
<key>key</key>
</request>
</root>
响应类抽象和测试代码:
有了请求类的顺利结果, 我们在设计响应类也是有迹可循.
响应类的代码如下:
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
public class Res<T> {
private String header;
private T value;
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class EchoAck {
private String value;
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class HelloAck {
private String key;
}
注: 这边暂时隐去jaxb的注解, 剩下的都是lombok注解.
测试用例代码如下:
public static void main(String[] args) {
String xml = "" +
"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" ?>\n" +
"<root>\n" +
"\t<header>header_val</header>\n" +
"\t<response>\n" +
"\t\t<key>key_val</key>\n" +
"\t</response>\n" +
"</root>";
Res<HelloAck> res = new Res<HelloAck>();
try {
JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance(res.getClass());
Unmarshaller unmar = jc.createUnmarshaller();
Res<HelloAck> r = (Res<HelloAck>)unmar.unmarshal(new StringReader(xml));
System.out.println(r);
} catch (JAXBException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
演进和迭代:
添加jaxb注解, 隐去lombok注解, 大致如下:
@XmlRootElement(name="root")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlSeeAlso({HelloAck.class, EchoAck.class})
public class Res<T> {
@XmlElement(name="header",required = true)
private String header;
@XmlAnyElement(lax = true)
private T value;
}
@XmlRootElement(name="response")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class EchoAck {
@XmlElement(name="value", required = true)
private String value;
}
@XmlRootElement(name="response")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class HelloAck {
@XmlElement(name="key", required = true)
private String key;
}
运行的如下:
Res(header=header_val, value=EchoAck(value=null))
这边需要的注意的是, 代码中指定反解的类是HelloAck, 但是这边反解的类却是EchoAck. 由此可见, jaxb在xml到对象转换时, 其泛型类的选取存在问题(猜测java泛型在编译时类型被擦去, 反射不能确定具体那个类).
针对这种情况, 一个好的建议是, 单独引入实体类(wrapper), 网友的做法也是类似, 只是没有给出直接的理由.
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@XmlTransient // 抽象基类改为注解XmlTransient, 切记
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public abstract class Res<T> {
@XmlElement(name="header",required = true)
private String header;
@XmlAnyElement(lax = true)
private T value;
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@XmlRootElement(name="response")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class EchoAck {
@XmlElement(name="value", required = true)
private String value;
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@XmlRootElement(name="response")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class HelloAck {
@XmlElement(name="key", required = true)
private String key;
}
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString(callSuper = true)
@XmlRootElement(name="root")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlSeeAlso({HelloAck.class})
public class HelloRes extends Res<HelloAck> {
}
修改测试代码:
public static void main(String[] args) {
String xml = "" +
"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" ?>\n" +
"<root>\n" +
"\t<header>header_val</header>\n" +
"\t<response>\n" +
"\t\t<key>key_val</key>\n" +
"\t</response>\n" +
"</root>";
HelloRes res = new HelloRes();
try {
JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance(HelloRes.class);
Unmarshaller unmar = jc.createUnmarshaller();
HelloRes r = (HelloRes)unmar.unmarshal(new StringReader(xml));
System.out.println(r);
} catch (JAXBException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
运行结果如下:
HelloRes(super=Res(header=header_val, value=HelloAck(key=key_val)))
符合预期, 这边的做法就是wrap一个泛型类, 姑且可以理解为在编译前指定类, 避免反射出偏差.
总结:
总的来说jaxb在涉及泛型时, 还是有一些坑的, 这边总结了一下. 不过总的来说, 知其然不知其所以然, 希翼后面能够对jaxb的底层实现有个深入的了解.
最后附上一个工具类
package cn.swiftpass.core.server.cle.custom.bank.gdrcu.esb.utils;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;
import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
import java.io.*;
/**
* @author hp
* @date 2020/2/13
*/
public class XmlUtils {
private static String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "Unicode";
public static String toXml(Object model) throws JAXBException, IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
marshal(model, output);
output.flush();
return new String(output.toByteArray(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
}
public static String toXml(Object model, boolean isFormatOut) throws JAXBException, IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
marshal(model, output, isFormatOut);
output.flush();
return new String(output.toByteArray(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
}
public static void marshal(Object model, OutputStream output) throws JAXBException {
JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(model.getClass());
Marshaller jaxbMarshaller = jaxbContext.createMarshaller();
jaxbMarshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);
jaxbMarshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, DEFAULT_CHARSET);
jaxbMarshaller.marshal(model, output);
}
public static void marshal(Object model, OutputStream output, boolean isFormatOut) throws JAXBException {
JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(model.getClass());
Marshaller jaxbMarshaller = jaxbContext.createMarshaller();
jaxbMarshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, isFormatOut);
jaxbMarshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING, DEFAULT_CHARSET);
jaxbMarshaller.marshal(model, output);
}
public static <T> T parseXml(Class<T> clazz, String xml) throws JAXBException, IOException {
byte[] buf = xml.getBytes(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf, 0, buf.length);
return unmarshal(clazz, input);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T unmarshal(Class<T> clazz, InputStream input) throws JAXBException {
JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(clazz);
Unmarshaller jaxbUnmarshaller = jaxbContext.createUnmarshaller();
return (T) jaxbUnmarshaller.unmarshal(input);
}
public static void saveXmlToFile(Object model, String filename) throws FileNotFoundException, JAXBException {
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(filename);
marshal(model, fos);
}
public static void saveXmlToFile(Object model, File file) throws FileNotFoundException, JAXBException {
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
marshal(model, fos);
}
public static <T> T loadXmlFromFile(Class<T> clazz, String filename) throws FileNotFoundException, JAXBException {
return unmarshal(clazz, new FileInputStream(filename));
}
public static <T> T loadXmlFromFile(Class<T> clazz, File file) throws FileNotFoundException, JAXBException {
return unmarshal(clazz, new FileInputStream(file));
}
public static <T> T loadXmlFromFile(Class<T> clazz, InputStream is) throws JAXBException {
return unmarshal(clazz, is);
}
}
标签:getter str 演进 笔记 inter model jaxb run 泛型类
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lameclimber/p/12305576.html