LINQ标准查询运算符的执行方式-延时之流式处理

namespace ConsoleApp4
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {           
            Clump<string> fruitClump =
                new Clump<string> { "apple", "passionfruit", "banana",
            "mango", "orange", "blueberry", "grape", "strawberry" };
          
            // 调用 Clump‘s Where() method with a predicate.
            IEnumerable<string> query1 =
                fruitClump.Where(fruit => fruit.Contains("o"));

            Console.WriteLine("query1 has been created.\n");
            
            // 强迫使用 System.Linq.Enumerable 的 Where() 方法.
            IEnumerable<string> query2 =
                fruitClump.AsEnumerable().Where(fruit => fruit.Contains("o"));

            // Display the output.
            Console.WriteLine("query2 has been created.");
        }
    }
    class Clump<T> : List<T>
    {
        // Custom implementation of Where().
        public IEnumerable<T> Where(Func<T, bool> predicate)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("In Clump‘s implementation of Where().");
            return Enumerable.Where(this, predicate);
        }
    }
}

//ArrayList 继承的是IEnumerable 而非IEnumerable<T>
System.Collections.ArrayList fruits = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
fruits.Add("mango");
fruits.Add("apple");
fruits.Add("lemon");

//OrderBy扩展的是IEnumerable<T>。因此通过Cast<T>转为IEnumerable<T>
IEnumerable<string> query =
    fruits.Cast<string>().OrderBy(fruit => fruit).Select(fruit => fruit);

foreach (string fruit in query)
{
    Console.WriteLine(fruit);
}            

Pet[] cats = GetCats();
Pet[] dogs = GetDogs();

IEnumerable<string> query =
    cats.Select(cat => cat.Name).Concat(dogs.Select(dog => dog.Name));

foreach (string name in query)
{
    Console.WriteLine(name);
}

//用另一个select重载试试
IEnumerable<string> query1 =
    cats.Select((pet, index) => { if (index == 2) { return pet.Name; } else { return ""; } })
    .Concat(dogs.Select(dog=>dog.Name))

Pet defaultPet = new Pet { Name = "Default Pet", Age = 0 };

List<Pet> pets1 =
    new List<Pet>{ new Pet { Name="Barley", Age=8 },
           new Pet { Name="Boots", Age=4 },
           new Pet { Name="Whiskers", Age=1 } };

foreach (Pet pet in pets1.DefaultIfEmpty(defaultPet))
{
    Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", pet.Name);
}

List<Pet> pets2 = new List<Pet>();

foreach (Pet pet in pets2.DefaultIfEmpty(defaultPet))
{
    Console.WriteLine("\nName: {0}", pet.Name);
}           

Product product1 = new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 };
Product[] products = { product1,
           new Product { Name = "orange", Code = 4 },
          product1,
           new Product { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 } };

//在此处，使用默认比较器
IEnumerable<Product> noduplicates = products.Distinct();

//该不该生产当前结果元素，只需要判断之前的源元素有没有一样的，知道判断到有，就不生成
foreach (var product in noduplicates)  
    Console.WriteLine(product.Name + " " + product.Code);

double[] numbers1 = { 2.0, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 };
double[] numbers2 = { 2.2 };

IEnumerable<double> onlyInFirstSet = numbers1.Except(numbers2);

foreach (double number in onlyInFirstSet)
    Console.WriteLine(number);            

Person magnus = new Person { Name = "Hedlund, Magnus" };
Person terry = new Person { Name = "Adams, Terry" };           

Pet barley = new Pet { Name = "Barley", Owner = terry };
Pet boots = new Pet { Name = "Boots", Owner = terry };
Pet daisy = new Pet { Name = "Daisy", Owner = magnus };

List<Person> people = new List<Person> { magnus, terry };
List<Pet> pets = new List<Pet> { barley, boots, daisy };

//Pet的Owner和Person关联
var query =
    people.GroupJoin(pets,
                     person => person,
                     pet => pet.Owner,
                     (person, petCollection) =>
                         new
                         {
                             OwnerName = person.Name,
                             Pets = petCollection.Select(pet => pet.Name)
                         });

foreach (var obj in query)
{                
    Console.WriteLine("{0}:", obj.OwnerName);               
    foreach (string pet in obj.Pets)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("  {0}", pet);
    }
}

Product product = new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 5 };

Product[] store1 = { product,
           new Product { Name = "orange", Code = 4 } };

Product[] store2 = { product,
           new Product { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 } };

//在这里 使用默认比较器求差值
var products = store1.Intersect(store2); 

foreach(var item in products)
{
    Console.WriteLine(item.Name);
}

Person magnus = new Person { Name = "Hedlund, Magnus" };
Person terry = new Person { Name = "Adams, Terry" };
Person charlotte = new Person { Name = "Weiss, Charlotte" };

Pet barley = new Pet { Name = "Barley", Owner = terry };
Pet boots = new Pet { Name = "Boots", Owner = terry };
Pet whiskers = new Pet { Name = "Whiskers", Owner = charlotte };
Pet daisy = new Pet { Name = "Daisy", Owner = magnus };

List<Person> people = new List<Person> { magnus, terry, charlotte };
List<Pet> pets = new List<Pet> { barley, boots, whiskers, daisy };

//pet的owner和person关联 
var query =
    people.Join(pets,
                person => person,
                pet => pet.Owner,
                (person, pet) =>
                    new { OwnerName = person.Name, Pet = pet.Name });

foreach (var obj in query)
{
    Console.WriteLine(
        "{0} - {1}",
        obj.OwnerName,
        obj.Pet);
}

System.Collections.ArrayList fruits = new System.Collections.ArrayList(4);
fruits.Add("Mango");
fruits.Add("Orange");
fruits.Add("Apple");
fruits.Add(3.0);
fruits.Add("Banana");

// Apply OfType() to the ArrayList.
IEnumerable<string> query1 = fruits.OfType<string>();

Console.WriteLine("Elements of type ‘string‘ are:");
foreach (string fruit in query1)
{
    Console.WriteLine(fruit);
}

Console.WriteLine("Elements of type ‘int‘ are:");
IEnumerable<double> query2 = fruits.OfType<double>();
foreach (var num in query2)
{
    Console.WriteLine(num);
}

IEnumerable<int> squares = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).Select(x => x * x);

foreach (int num in squares)
{
    Console.WriteLine(num);
}