docker使用1

和大家说明一下，我们的目的仅仅是要安装一个centos7，然后在centos7上安装docker

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如果搞不定vagrant+virtualbox的方式，也可以直接使用VM搭建一个centos7

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或者你可以直接使用一台云服务器，上面安装了centos7

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毕竟我们的目的只是为了得到一个centos7的机器，所以不必花太多精力在这个问题上折腾

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我上课用的环境是

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  win10 64位

  VirtualBox-6.0.12-133076-Win   [已上传到网盘的“上课课件/virtualbox”目录]

  vagrant_2.2.6_x86_64 [已上传到网盘的“上课课件/vagrant”目录]

  centos7   [已上传到网盘的“上课课件”目录]

  XShell6

】

01 访问Vagrant官网

https://www.vagrantup.com/

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02 点击Download

Windows，MacOS，Linux等

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03 选择对应的版本

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04 傻瓜式安装

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05 命令行输入vagrant，测试是否安装成功

01 访问VirtualBox官网

https://www.virtualbox.org/

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02 选择左侧的“Downloads”

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03 选择对应的操作系统版本

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04 傻瓜式安装

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05 [win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚，并提示安装出现严重错误

  (1)打开服务

  (2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager，然后启动

  (3)再次尝试安装

01 创建centos7文件夹，并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]

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02 在此目录下打开cmd，运行vagrant init centos/7

  此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7，关键是这个镜像在哪里，我已经提前准备好了，名称是virtualbox.box文件

  

03 将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中

(1)下载网盘中的virtualbox.box文件

  (2)保存到磁盘的某个目录，比如D:\virtualbox.box

  (3)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7：vagrant box add centos/7 D:\virtualbox.box

  (4)vagrant box list 查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]

   

04 centos/7镜像有了，根据Vagrantfile文件启动创建虚拟机

来到centos7文件夹，在此目录打开cmd窗口，执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察，可以发现centos7创建成功]



05 以后大家操作虚拟机，还是要在centos文件夹打开cmd窗口操作

vagrant halt   优雅关闭

vagrant up     正常启动



06 vagrant常用命令

(1)vagrant ssh    

  进入刚才创建的centos7中

  (2)vagrant status

  查看centos7的状态

  (3)vagrant halt

  停止/关闭centos7

  (4)vagrant destroy

  删除centos7

  (5)vagrant status

  查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机

  (6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令，使得centos7更加丰富

  但是要注意，修改了Vagrantfile，要想使正常运行的centos7生效，必须使用vagrant reload

01 使用centos7的默认账号连接

在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config

关注:Hostname Port IdentityFile

IP:127.0.0.1

port:2222

用户名:vagrant

密码:vagrant

文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key



02 使用root账户登录

vagrant ssh   进入到虚拟机中

sudo -i

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

修改PasswordAuthentication yes

passwd修改密码，比如abc123

systemctl restart sshd

使用账号root，密码abc123进行登录

# -*- mode: ruby -*-

# vi: set ft=ruby :

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# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure

# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for

# backwards compatibility). Please don‘t change it unless you know what

# you‘re doing.

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

 # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.

 # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at

 # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

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 # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for

 # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.

 config.vm.box = "centos/7"

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 # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then

 # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs

 # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.

 # config.vm.box_check_update = false

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 # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port

 # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,

 # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.

 # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port

 # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

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 # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port

 # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access

 # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access

 # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

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 # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine

 # using a specific IP.

 # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

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 # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.

 # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on

 # your network.

 config.vm.network "public_network"

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 # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is

 # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is

 # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third

 # argument is a set of non-required options.

 # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

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 # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various

 # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.

 # Example for VirtualBox:

 #

 # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|

 #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine

 #   vb.gui = true

 #

 #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:

 #   vb.memory = "1024"

 # end

   config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|

       vb.memory = "4000"

       vb.name= "jack-centos7"

       vb.cpus= 2

   end

 #

 # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more

 # information on available options.

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 # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as

 # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the

 # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.

 # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL

 #   apt-get update

 #   apt-get install -y apache2

 # SHELL

end

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01 退出虚拟机

vagrant halt

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02 打包

vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box



03 得到first-docker-centos7.box



04 将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中

vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box



05 得到Vagrantfile

vagrant init first-docker-centos7

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06 根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机

vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境，但是网络要重新配置]

01 进入centos7

vagrant ssh



02 卸载之前的docker

sudo yum remove docker \

                docker-client \

                docker-client-latest \

                docker-common \

                docker-latest \

                docker-latest-logrotate \

                docker-logrotate \

                docker-engine

                 

03 安装必要的依赖

sudo yum install -y yum-utils \

  device-mapper-persistent-data \

  lvm2

   

  补充：

  设置阿里云加速器：

  sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-‘EOF‘

{

"registry-mirrors": ["https://inpoh9ma.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]

}

EOF

查看是否设置成功：

cat /etc/docker/daemon.json

04 设置docker仓库 [设置阿里云镜像仓库可以先自行百度，后面课程也会有自己的docker hub讲解] 

sudo yum-config-manager \

    --add-repo \

    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

     

  [访问这个地址，使用自己的阿里云账号登录，查看菜单栏左下角，发现有一个镜像加速器:https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors]

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05 安装docker

sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io



06 启动docker

sudo systemctl start docker

sudo systemctl enable docker 设置开机启动





07 测试docker安装是否成功

docker version

docker pull hello-world

docker images

docker run --name myhello-world hello-world

//sudo docker run hello-world



docker ps -a 查看当前运行的container容器



docker rmi -f hello-world 删除image[根据名称]



docker run hello-world 如果本地没有hello-world的image,会先从远端垃取，再run

01 创建tomcat容器

docker pull tomcat [默认拉取最新版本latest------tag表示版本号]

docker run -d --name my-tomcat -p 9090:8080 tomcat 映射主机端口9090，通过它触发访问

docker ps 查看运行的容器

docker exec -it 容器名/id /bin/bash 进入容器目录【usr/local/tomcat】

docker exec -it my-tomcat /bin/bash



浏览器访问http://30.50.32.7:9090/

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可以创建多个tomcat容器：

只需要run时，设置不同的容器名称即可。映射端口也要相应变化，如：

docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 9091:8080 tomcat

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全部container删除：

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

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比较以前布署：

下载download---->解压到目录---->进入bin,启动start.sh

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02 创建mysql容器

docker run -d --name my-mysql -p 3301:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root --privileged mysql



使用idea中datesource连接数据库：



进入mysql目录:

docker exec -it my-mysql /bin/bash

登录mysql:

root@2094a81d8219:/# mysql -uroot -proot

mysql> show databases;

mysql> use docker_mysql;

mysql> show tables;

mysql> create database db_test;

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03 进入到容器里面

docker exec -it containerid /bin/bash

docker pull       拉取镜像到本地

docker run         根据某个镜像创建容器

-d                 让容器在后台运行，其实就是一个进程

--name             给容器指定一个名字

-p                 将容器的端口映射到宿主机的端口

docker exec -it   进入到某个容器中并交互式运行

docker network ls

docker inspect bridge 

FROM debian:stretch-slim

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# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added

RUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql

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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gnupg dirmngr && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

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# add gosu for easy step-down from root

ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7

RUN set -x \

&& apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \

&& wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \

&& wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture).asc" \

&& export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \

&& gpg --batch --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4 \

&& gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu \

&& gpgconf --kill all \

&& rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc \

&& chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu \

&& gosu nobody true \

&& apt-get purge -y --auto-remove ca-certificates wget

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RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

# for MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD

pwgen \

# for mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

openssl \

# FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db:

# File::Basename

# File::Copy

# Sys::Hostname

# Data::Dumper

perl \

&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

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RUN set -ex; \

# gpg: key 5072E1F5: public key "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" imported

key=‘A4A9406876FCBD3C456770C88C718D3B5072E1F5‘; \

export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \

gpg --batch --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \

gpg --batch --export "$key" > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mysql.gpg; \

gpgconf --kill all; \

rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME"; \

apt-key list > /dev/null

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ENV MYSQL_MAJOR 8.0

ENV MYSQL_VERSION 8.0.18-1debian9

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RUN echo "deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ stretch mysql-${MYSQL_MAJOR}" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list

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# the "/var/lib/mysql" stuff here is because the mysql-server postinst doesn‘t have an explicit way to disable the mysql_install_db codepath besides having a database already "configured" (ie, stuff in /var/lib/mysql/mysql)

# also, we set debconf keys to make APT a little quieter

RUN { \

echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/data-dir select ‘‘; \

echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/root-pass password ‘‘; \

echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/re-root-pass password ‘‘; \

echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/remove-test-db select false; \

} | debconf-set-selections \

&& apt-get update && apt-get install -y mysql-community-client="${MYSQL_VERSION}" mysql-community-server-core="${MYSQL_VERSION}" && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \

&& rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \

&& chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \

# ensure that /var/run/mysqld (used for socket and lock files) is writable regardless of the UID our mysqld instance ends up having at runtime

&& chmod 777 /var/run/mysqld

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VOLUME /var/lib/mysql

# Config files

COPY config/ /etc/mysql/

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/

RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compat

ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]

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EXPOSE 3306 33060

CMD ["mysqld"]

01 准备一个springboot项目---->打成一个jar包【mvn clean package】

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02 把这个项目做成一个image,进入docker环境，先创建一个目录【存放自定义image】

mkdir first-docker-demo

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03 上传jar包到该目录----------直接把jar文件拖到centos中即可。

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04 创建Dockerfile文件,用来生成image

dockerfile---->docker build image ---->docker run image

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vi Dockerfile,然后创建如下内容：

FROM openjdk:8

MAINTAINER wf1556160572

LABEL name="dockerfile-demo" version="1.0" author="wf1556160572"

COPY ali-springboot-mq-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar docker-image.jar

CMD ["java","-jar","docker-image.jar"]

：wq【保存退出】

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05 构建image,根据当前的dockerfile,image的名称【test-docker-image】,[.]表示当前目录

docker build -t test-docker-image .

  docker images

06 基于image,创建container容器，

  docker run -d --name springboot-mq-demo -p 8081:8080 test-docker-image

   

07 查看container启动日志，

docker logs springboot-mq-demo[容器名称]



08 宿主机访问

docker exec -it springboot-mq-demo /bin/bash 进入应用中

curl localhost:8080/demo/test

09 还可再次启动一个容器

docker run -d --name springboot-mq-demo-01 -p 8081:8080 test-docker-image



10 windows浏览器访问：

30.50.32.7/8081/demo/test



全部container删除：

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

xshell上传文件到linux：

  01 安装linux工具lrzsz，使用命令：sudo yum -y install lrzsz

  02 直接拖动文件到linux，就可以直接上传了。实际上执行：rz -E

  03 查看上传文件：ll

   

docker run 自定义image失败：

Unable to find image ‘8080:8099‘ locally

docker: Error response from daemon: pull access denied for 8080, repository does not exist or may require ‘docker login‘: denied: requested access to the resource is denied.

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原因：是-p参数指定不正确，中间要有空格。

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启动container后，想访问docker布署应用，怎么办？

（1）docker exec -it springboot-mq-demo /bin/bash 进入应用中

curl localhost:8081/demo/test



docker rmi -f hello-world 删除image[根据名称]

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FROM openjdk:8

MAINTAINER wf1556160572 //hub.docker.com的注册帐号

LABEL name="dockerfile-demo" version="1.0" author="wf1556160572"

COPY ali-springboot-mq-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar docker-image.jar

CMD ["java","-jar","docker-image.jar"]

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FROM openjdk:8-jdk

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ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/tomcat

ENV PATH $CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH

RUN mkdir -p "$CATALINA_HOME"

WORKDIR $CATALINA_HOME

...