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//2014.11
// Backbone.js 1.0.0 // (c) 2010-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc. // Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license. // For all details and documentation: // http://backbonejs.org (function() { // Initial Setup // ------------- // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `exports` // on the server). //root是window; var root = this; //alert(root) // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used. //如果window.Backbone有对象，就保存上一个backbone， //用来芳冲突的; var previousBackbone = root.Backbone; // Create local references to array methods we‘ll want to use later. //快捷方法; var array = []; var push = array.push; var slice = array.slice; var splice = array.splice; // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will // be attached to this. Exported for both the browser and the server. var Backbone; //如果有模块化就直接exports为Backbone //否者就让Backbone在window下面; if (typeof exports !== ‘undefined‘) { Backbone = exports; } else { Backbone = root.Backbone = {}; } // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`. //版本号 Backbone.VERSION = ‘1.0.0‘; // Require Underscore, if we‘re on the server, and it‘s not already present. //引用底线库_ underscore.js; var _ = root._; if (!_ && (typeof require !== ‘undefined‘)) _ = require(‘underscore‘); // For Backbone‘s purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns // the `$` variable. //引用选择器库 Backbone.$ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$; // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object. //.... Backbone.noConflict = function() { root.Backbone = previousBackbone; return this; }; // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option // will fake `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header. //给Backbone.sync(ajax)用的; Backbone.emulateHTTP = false; // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can‘t deal with direct // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a // form param named `model`. Backbone.emulateJSON = false; // Backbone.Events // --------------- //backbone的继承引用了底线库中的_.extend方法; // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in // succession. // // var object = {}; // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); // object.on(‘expand‘, function(){ alert(‘expanded‘); }); // object.trigger(‘expand‘); // var Events = Backbone.Events = { //事件绑定,name可以传 // "event1 event2 event3"; //或者"{event1 : function(){}, event2 : function(){}}"的格式; //通过实例话对象，这个对象即可有使用事件 ==>> new Backbone.Events(); // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind // the callback to all events fired. on: function(name, callback, context) { if (!eventsApi(this, ‘on‘, name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; this._events || (this._events = {}); var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []); events.push({ callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this }); return this; }, // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time // the callback is invoked, it will be removed. //绑定一次即销毁 //想象成Express中的 next(); /* //temp开始; var next = mainFn = function(mainFn) { var tempFn = mainFn; var args = arguments; return function(fn) { tempFn.apply(window, args); fn(); }; }; //temp结束; //NODEJS的express框架中的next相当于这样的 var mainFn = function() {}; anotherFn = next(mainFn); anotherFn( function(){xxxx} ); //利用闭包跑多次; */ once: function(name, callback, context) { if (!eventsApi(this, ‘once‘, name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; var self = this; var once = _.once(function() { //取消事件绑定； self.off(name, once); //把同样的参数arguments跑原来的callback起来； callback.apply(this, arguments); }); once._callback = callback; return this.on(name, once, context); }, // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound // callbacks for all events. off: function(name, callback, context) { var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k; if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, ‘off‘, name, [callback, context])) return this; if (!name && !callback && !context) { this._events = {}; return this; }; //name可以是JSON; names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events); for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { name = names[i]; //保存事件到events变量; if (events = this._events[name]) { //把原来的事件list清空; this._events[name] = retain = []; //没有callback就是清空所有的event; if (callback || context) { for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) { //ev就是fn了 ev = events[j]; //不满足任何一个条件就不push; if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) || (context && context !== ev.context)) { retain.push(ev); } } } //没有length就删除属性; if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name]; } } return this; }, // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name // (unless you‘re listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to // receive the true name of the event as the first argument). trigger: function(name) { if (!this._events) return this; //可以传JSON或者是"event1 event2 event3 event4"的处理; var args = slice.call(arguments, 1); if (!eventsApi(this, ‘trigger‘, name, args)) return this; var events = this._events[name]; var allEvents = this._events.all; if (events) triggerEvents(events, args); //任何事件的触发都回触发"all"的事件; if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments); return this; }, // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or // to every object it‘s currently listening to. stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) { var listeners = this._listeners; if (!listeners) return this; var deleteListener = !name && !callback; if (typeof name === ‘object‘) callback = this; if (obj)(listeners = {})[obj._listenerId] = obj; for (var id in listeners) { listeners[id].off(name, callback, this); if (deleteListener) delete this._listeners[id]; } return this; } }; // Regular expression used to split event strings. var eventSplitter = /\s+/; // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}` // in terms of the existing API. //obj为实例的对象,name为触发事件的名字(JSON || String); var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) { if (!name) return true; // Handle event maps. if (typeof name === ‘object‘) { for (var key in name) { obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest)); } return false; } // Handle space separated event names. if (eventSplitter.test(name)) { var names = name.split(eventSplitter); for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest)); } return false; } return true; }; // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal // Backbone events have 3 arguments). //有点不明白何必要这样跑，有什么好处; var triggerEvents = function(events, args) { var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2]; switch (args.length) { case 0: while (++i < l)(ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return; case 1: while (++i < l)(ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return; case 2: while (++i < l)(ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return; case 3: while (++i < l)(ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return; default: while (++i < l)(ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); } }; var object = {}; _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); //继承的所有的this都是obj,所以不会相互影响; object.on("alert", function(msg) { alert("Triggered " + msg); //第一个走这边 }); var obj1 = {}; _.extend(obj1, Backbone.Events); obj1.on("afterAlert", function(arg) { console.log(2); console.log(arg); }); //这个就是为obj绑定alert事件; obj1.listenTo(object, "alert", function() { console.log(1); //第二个走这边 obj1.trigger("afterAlert"); //触发自己的事件; }); obj1.listenTo(object, "alert", function() { console.log(3); //第三个走这边 obj1.trigger("afterAlert", "context"); //触发自己的事件; }); var listenMethods = { listenTo: ‘on‘, listenToOnce: ‘once‘ }; // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it‘s // listening to. _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) { Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) { var listeners = this._listeners || (this._listeners = {}); var id = obj._listenerId || (obj._listenerId = _.uniqueId(‘l‘)); listeners[id] = obj; if (typeof name === ‘object‘) callback = this; obj[implementation](name, callback, this); return this; }; }); /* Events.listenTo = function(obj, name, callback) { var listeners = this._listeners || (this._listeners = {}); //为监听的对象添加listenerId; //ID下面的value是指向自己的; var id = obj._listenerId || (obj._listenerId = _.uniqueId(‘l‘)); listeners[id] = obj; if (typeof name === ‘object‘) callback = this; //就是为obj绑定事件名name的方法为callback; //但是上下文context为this； obj.on(name, callback, this); return this; }; */ /* var object = {}; _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); //继承的所有的this都是obj,所以不会相互影响; object.on("alert", function(msg) { alert("Triggered " + msg); }); object.trigger("alert", "an event"); */ // Aliases for backwards compatibility. Events.bind = Events.on; Events.unbind = Events.off; // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place. _.extend(Backbone, Events); // Backbone.Model // -------------- // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework -- // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server. // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for // performing computations and transformations on that data. // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`) // is automatically generated and assigned for you. //Backbone的模型, MODEL这个是这个库的基本组件; //这个东西比较多和杂; var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) { var defaults; var attrs = attributes || {}; options || (options = {}); this.cid = _.uniqueId(‘c‘); this.attributes = {}; this.attributes = {}; //modelOptions 的值是 ["url", "urlRoot", "collection"]； //相当于检索otpions里面的url，urlRoot，和collection，让this继承这几个东西; //别的东西就不要继承了; _.extend(this, _.pick(options, modelOptions)); if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {}; if (defaults = _.result(this, ‘defaults‘)) { attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, defaults); } //把所有的属性和方法全放到实例的attrs属性下面去; this.set(attrs, options); this.changed = {}; //initialize: function(){}是空的 this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); }; // A list of options to be attached directly to the model, if provided. var modelOptions = [‘url‘, ‘urlRoot‘, ‘collection‘]; // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype. _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, { // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ. changed: null, // The value returned during the last failed validation. validationError: null, // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`. idAttribute: ‘id‘, // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own // initialization logic. //位实例添加initialize即覆盖这个原型方法; initialize: function() {}, // Return a copy of the model‘s `attributes` object. //当前元素下的所有的值是放在attributes里面的; //把所有的属性克隆出来; toJSON: function(options) { return _.clone(this.attributes); }, // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model. sync: function() { //触发backbone.sync,参数为传的参数; //上下文context是this; return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); }, // Get the value of an attribute. //当前元素下的所有的值是放在attributes里面的; get: function(attr) { return this.attributes[attr]; }, // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute. //解码escape; escape: function(attr) { return _.escape(this.get(attr)); }, // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null // or undefined. //弱类型比较 null undefined "" ; //null或者是undefined; has: function(attr) { return this.get(attr) != null; }, // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast. set: function(key, val, options) { //初始化参数; var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current; if (key == null) return this; // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. if (typeof key === ‘object‘) { attrs = key; options = val; } else { (attrs = {})[key] = val; } options || (options = {}); // Run validation. if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; // Extract attributes and options. //options多数是自己用的; unset = options.unset; silent = options.silent; //change是数组; changes = []; //保存本来changeing标识符; changing = this._changing; this._changing = true; if (!changing) { this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); this.changed = {}; }; current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes; // Check for changes of `id`. if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute]; // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value. //attr就是一个json，而且可以是一个或者是多个key和value的; for (attr in attrs) { val = attrs[attr]; //如果 //如果和现在的属性不同了; if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr); //如果跟上一个只不同就设置changed，这个感觉不常用; if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) { this.changed[attr] = val; } else { delete this.changed[attr]; }; //删除属性或者，重新设置属性; unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val; } // Trigger all relevant attribute changes. if (!silent) { if (changes.length) this._pending = true; for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) { //触发所有的模型属性对应的改变事件; this.trigger(‘change:‘ + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options); //别忘记了"trigger"会触发"all"事件; } } // You might be wondering why there‘s a `while` loop here. Changes can // be recursively nested within `"change"` events. if (changing) return this; if (!silent) { while (this._pending) { this._pending = false; //又触发了"change"事件; this.trigger(‘change‘, this, options); } } //我看着这些有什么收获吗？; //逻辑清晰? //参数分析? //错误处理? //我为什么看这个库? //命名规范? this._pending = false; this._changing = false; return this; }, // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop // if the attribute doesn‘t exist. //也是调用set而已;，而且随着了unset; unset: function(attr, options) { return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, { unset: true })); }, // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`. //遍历属性,也是调用unset; clear: function(options) { var attrs = {}; for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0; return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, { unset: true })); }, // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event. // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed. //查看是否改变; hasChanged: function(attr) { if (attr == null) return ! _.isEmpty(this.changed); return _.has(this.changed, attr); }, // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined. // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model, // determining if there *would be* a change. changedAttributes: function(diff) { if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false; var val, changed = false; var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes: this.attributes; for (var attr in diff) { if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue; (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val; } return changed; }, // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last // `"change"` event was fired. //查看上一次model对应的属性数据; previous: function(attr) { if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null; return this._previousAttributes[attr]; }, // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous // `"change"` event //上一次model所有的属性数据. previousAttributes: function() { return _.clone(this._previousAttributes); }, // Fetch the model from the server. If the server‘s representation of the // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden, // triggering a `"change"` event. fetch: function(options) { options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; var model = this; var success = options.success; options.success = function(resp) { if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false; //如果有成功的options.success方法就跑一下; if (success) success(model, resp, options); //同时触发sync事件; //所以model.fetch()时候要有sync事件比较靠谱 //参数为model,resp,返回的数据; model.trigger(‘sync‘, model, resp, options); }; wrapError(this, options); //同时触发sync.read事件; "read"好像就是GET;~。~！ return this.sync(‘read‘, this, options); }, // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server. // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model‘s // state will be `set` again. save: function(key, val, options) { var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes; // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. if (key == null || typeof key === ‘object‘) { attrs = key; options = val; } else { (attrs = {})[key] = val; } // If we‘re not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as `set(attr).save(null, opts)`. if (attrs && (!options || !options.wait) && !this.set(attrs, options)) return false; options = _.extend({ validate: true }, options); // Do not persist invalid models. if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`. if (attrs && options.wait) { this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs); } // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally) // updated with the server-side state. if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; var model = this; var success = options.success; options.success = function(resp) { // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves. model.attributes = attributes; var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options); if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs); if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) { return false; } if (success) success(model, resp, options); model.trigger(‘sync‘, model, resp, options); }; wrapError(this, options); method = this.isNew() ? ‘create‘: (options.patch ? ‘patch‘: ‘update‘); if (method === ‘patch‘) options.attrs = attrs; xhr = this.sync(method, this, options); // Restore attributes. if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes; return xhr; }, // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one. // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal. destroy: function(options) { options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; var model = this; var success = options.success; var destroy = function() { model.trigger(‘destroy‘, model, model.collection, options); }; options.success = function(resp) { if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy(); if (success) success(model, resp, options); if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger(‘sync‘, model, resp, options); }; if (this.isNew()) { options.success(); return false; } wrapError(this, options); var xhr = this.sync(‘delete‘, this, options); if (!options.wait) destroy(); return xhr; }, // Default URL for the model‘s representation on the server -- if you‘re // using Backbone‘s restful methods, override this to change the endpoint // that will be called. url: function() { var base = _.result(this, ‘urlRoot‘) || _.result(this.collection, ‘url‘) || urlError(); if (this.isNew()) return base; return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) === ‘/‘ ? ‘‘: ‘/‘) + encodeURIComponent(this.id); }, // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along. parse: function(resp, options) { return resp; }, // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one. //copy构造函数; clone: function() { return new this.constructor(this.attributes); }, // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id. isNew: function() { return this.id == null; }, // Check if the model is currently in a valid state. isValid: function(options) { return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true })); }, // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes, // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event. //验证方法; //调用validate方法验证所有的属性; //如果有问题就跑“invalid"; _validate: function(attrs, options) { if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true; attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs); var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null; if (!error) return true; this.trigger(‘invalid‘, this, error, _.extend(options || {}, { validationError: error })); return false; } }); // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model. var modelMethods = [‘keys‘, ‘values‘, ‘pairs‘, ‘invert‘, ‘pick‘, ‘omit‘]; // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`. //直接拿底线库的方法; _.each(modelMethods, function(method) { Model.prototype[method] = function() { var args = slice.call(arguments); args.unshift(this.attributes); return _[method].apply(_, args); }; }); // Backbone.Collection // ------------------- // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`. // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`. // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain // its models in sort order, as they‘re added and removed. var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) { options || (options = {}); //初始化options; if (options.url) this.url = options.url; if (options.model) this.model = options.model; if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator; /* _reset会跑这些东西: this.length = 0; this.models = []; this._byId = {}; */ this._reset(); //初始化，用arguments为参数跑; this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({ silent: true }, options)); }; // Default options for `Collection#set`. var setOptions = { add: true, remove: true, merge: true }; var addOptions = { add: true, merge: false, remove: false }; // Define the Collection‘s inheritable methods. _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, { // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**. // This should be overridden in most cases. //如果实例化的时候有传Model，这个会被覆盖; model: Model, // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own // initialization logic. initialize: function() {}, // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the // models‘ attributes. toJSON: function(options) { return this.map(function(model) { return model.toJSON(options); }); }, // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default. //学习了，这样就少写代码了; sync: function() { return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); }, // Add a model, or list of models to the set. add: function(models, options) { //变相的跳用Collection.set return this.set(models, _.defaults(options || {}, addOptions)); }, // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. remove: function(models, options) { //无论如何都要变成数组; models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models]; options || (options = {}); var i, l, index, model; for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { model = this.get(models[i]); if (!model) continue; //collection._byId保存的是model通过cid保存的值; delete this._byId[model.id]; delete this._byId[model.cid]; index = this.indexOf(model); this.models.splice(index, 1); //length; collection有一个length属性，代表的是models的长度 this.length--; //undefined为真; //true为假; if (!options.silent) { options.index = index; model.trigger(‘remove‘, model, this, options); } //删除collection的引用; this._removeReference(model); } return this; }, // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones, // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**, // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection. /* var C = Backbone.Collection.extend(); var c = new C; c.set({1:2,3:4}); var Model = Backbone.Model.extend(); var m = new Model({2:2}); */ set: function(models, options) { /* 1 知识点： 前面进行所有的参数处理； 后面后面的代码都根据所有处理的参数进行处理； 2 知识点： backbone的作者都有这么多注释； 命名就是一种注释; */ //setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true}; options = _.defaults(options || {}, setOptions); if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options); if (!_.isArray(models)) models = models ? [models] : []; var i, l, model, attrs, existing, sort; //at应该是会返回指定index的内容 === Array.prototype.call.indexOf(collection.models,model); var at = options.at; var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false; var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator: null; var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {}; // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models // from being added. for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { //为模型添加collection为this; //如果传的事JSON就把JSON编程一个model; if (! (model = this._prepareModel(models[i], options))) continue; // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and // optionally merge it into the existing model. //如果模型存在; if (existing = this.get(model)) { if (options.remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true; if (options.merge) { existing.set(model.attributes, options); if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true; } // This is a new model, push it to the `toAdd` list. } else if (options.add) { toAdd.push(model); // Listen to added models‘ events, and index models for lookup by // `id` and by `cid`. //模型改变就触发all的事件 model.on(‘all‘, this._onModelEvent, this); this._byId[model.cid] = model; //collection._byId是model的一个副本，让model根据model的id排列; if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; } } // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate. if (options.remove) { for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) { if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model); } if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options); } // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models. if (toAdd.length) { if (sortable) sort = true; this.length += toAdd.length; if (at != null) { splice.apply(this.models, [at, 0].concat(toAdd)); } else { push.apply(this.models, toAdd); } } // Silently sort the collection if appropriate. if (sort) this.sort({ silent: true }); if (options.silent) return this; // Trigger `add` events. for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) { //触发每一个model的add事件 (model = toAdd[i]).trigger(‘add‘, model, this, options); } // Trigger `sort` if the collection was sorted. if (sort) this.trigger(‘sort‘, this, options); return this; }, // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually, // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished. // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations. /* var collection = new Backbone.Collection(); collection.on("reset",function(){console.log("reset is runing")}); collection.reset(); */ reset: function(models, options) { //初始化参数; options || (options = {}); for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) { //把所有模型的models下的collection删除; this._removeReference(this.models[i]); } options.previousModels = this.models; this._reset(); //添加模型; this.add(models, _.extend({ silent: true }, options)); //触发reset; if (!options.silent) this.trigger(‘reset‘, this, options); return this; }, // Add a model to the end of the collection. push: function(model, options) { model = this._prepareModel(model, options); this.add(model, _.extend({ at: this.length }, options)); return model; }, // Remove a model from the end of the collection. pop: function(options) { var model = this.at(this.length - 1); this.remove(model, options); return model; }, // Add a model to the beginning of the collection. unshift: function(model, options) { model = this._prepareModel(model, options); this.add(model, _.extend({ at: 0 }, options)); return model; }, // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection. shift: function(options) { var model = this.at(0); this.remove(model, options); return model; }, // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection. slice: function(begin, end) { return this.models.slice(begin, end); }, // Get a model from the set by id. //by model或者 by id获取在collection中的值; get: function(obj) { if (obj == null) return void 0; return this._byId[obj.id != null ? obj.id: obj.cid || obj]; }, // Get the model at the given index. //获取模型s的第几个; at: function(index) { return this.models[index]; }, // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of // `filter`. //attr是model的属性;匹配所有collection对应的model; where: function(attrs, first) { if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : []; //遍历每一个model,find就返回model，要么返回过滤的位置; return this[first ? ‘find‘: ‘filter‘](function(model) { for (var key in attrs) { //遍历attrs，attrs是一个对象不要忘记了;，把这个值和model对应的key比较; if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false; } return true; }); }, // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases // of `find`. //第二个参数是true获取的是模型; findWhere: function(attrs) { return this.where(attrs, true); }, // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don‘t need to call this under // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item // is added. sort: function(options) { if (!this.comparator) throw new Error(‘Cannot sort a set without a comparator‘); options || (options = {}); // Run sort based on type of `comparator`. if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) { this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this); } else { this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this)); } if (!options.silent) this.trigger(‘sort‘, this, options); return this; }, // Figure out the smallest index at which a model should be inserted so as // to maintain order. sortedIndex: function(model, value, context) { value || (value = this.comparator); var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value: function(model) { return model.get(value); }; return _.sortedIndex(this.models, model, iterator, context); }, // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection. pluck: function(attr) { return _.invoke(this.models, ‘get‘, attr); }, // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`. fetch: function(options) { options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; var success = options.success; var collection = this; options.success = function(resp) { var method = options.reset ? ‘reset‘: ‘set‘; collection[method](resp, options); if (success) success(collection, resp, options); collection.trigger(‘sync‘, collection, resp, options); }; wrapError(this, options); return this.sync(‘read‘, this, options); }, // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we // wait for the server to agree. create: function(model, options) { options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; if (! (model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false; if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options); var collection = this; var success = options.success; options.success = function(resp) { if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options); if (success) success(model, resp, options); }; model.save(null, options); return model; }, // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through. parse: function(resp, options) { return resp; }, // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one. clone: function() { return new this.constructor(this.models); }, // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection // is first initialized or reset. _reset: function() { this.length = 0; this.models = []; this._byId = {}; }, // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this // collection. _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) { if (attrs instanceof Model) { if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this; return attrs; } options || (options = {}); options.collection = this; var model = new this.model(attrs, options); if (!model._validate(attrs, options)) { this.trigger(‘invalid‘, this, attrs, options); return false; } return model; }, // Internal method to sever a model‘s ties to a collection. _removeReference: function(model) { if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection; model.off(‘all‘, this._onModelEvent, this); }, // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event. // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate // in other collections are ignored. _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) { if ((event === ‘add‘ || event === ‘remove‘) && collection !== this) return; if (event === ‘destroy‘) this.remove(model, options); if (model && event === ‘change:‘ + model.idAttribute) { delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)]; if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; } this.trigger.apply(this, arguments); } }); // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection. // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented // right here: var methods = [‘forEach‘, ‘each‘, ‘map‘, ‘collect‘, ‘reduce‘, ‘foldl‘, ‘inject‘, ‘reduceRight‘, ‘foldr‘, ‘find‘, ‘detect‘, ‘filter‘, ‘select‘, ‘reject‘, ‘every‘, ‘all‘, ‘some‘, ‘any‘, ‘include‘, ‘contains‘, ‘invoke‘, ‘max‘, ‘min‘, ‘toArray‘, ‘size‘, ‘first‘, ‘head‘, ‘take‘, ‘initial‘, ‘rest‘, ‘tail‘, ‘drop‘, ‘last‘, ‘without‘, ‘indexOf‘, ‘shuffle‘, ‘lastIndexOf‘, ‘isEmpty‘, ‘chain‘]; // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`. _.each(methods, function(method) { Collection.prototype[method] = function() { var args = slice.call(arguments); args.unshift(this.models); return _[method].apply(_, args); }; }); /*调用model.keys相当于是 执行 _.forEach(model.models); _.each(model.models); _.collect(model.models); */ // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument. var attributeMethods = [‘groupBy‘, ‘countBy‘, ‘sortBy‘]; // Use attributes instead of properties. _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) { Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) { var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value: function(model) { return model.get(value); }; return _[method](this.models, iterator, context); }; }); // Backbone.View // ------------- // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to // react to specific changes in the state of your models. // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM, // if an existing element is not provided... //view的代码比想象中的要少 var View = Backbone.View = function(options) { /* function (prefix) { var id = ++idCounter + ‘‘; return prefix ? prefix + id : id; }; */ this.cid = _.uniqueId(‘view‘); //设置选项配置; //为什么要这样呢，只要这一些配置呢? //[‘model‘, ‘collection‘, ‘el‘, ‘id‘, ‘attributes‘, ‘className‘, ‘tagName‘, ‘events‘]; this._configure(options || {}); this._ensureElement(); this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); this.delegateEvents(); }; // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`. var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/; // List of view options to be merged as properties. var viewOptions = [‘model‘, ‘collection‘, ‘el‘, ‘id‘, ‘attributes‘, ‘className‘, ‘tagName‘, ‘events‘]; // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods. _.extend(View.prototype, Events, { // The default `tagName` of a View‘s element is `"div"`. tagName: ‘div‘, // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the // current view. This should be prefered to global lookups where possible. $: function(selector) { return this.$el.find(selector); }, // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own // initialization logic. initialize: function() {}, // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The // convention is for **render** to always return `this`. render: function() { return this; }, // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any // applicable Backbone.Events listeners. remove: function() { this.$el.remove(); this.stopListening(); return this; }, // Change the view‘s element (`this.el` property), including event // re-delegation. setElement: function(element, delegate) { //如果已经有$el就把事件的代理去掉; if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents(); //获取新元素到$el; this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element: Backbone.$(element); //el为原生的元素; this.el = this.$el[0]; //添加事件代理; if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents(); return this; }, // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of // // *{"event selector": "callback"}* // // { // ‘mousedown .title‘: ‘edit‘, // ‘click .button‘: ‘save‘ // ‘click .open‘: function(e) { ... } // } // // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly. // Uses event delegation for efficiency. // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`. // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer. delegateEvents: function(events) { //没有events或者_.result(this, ‘events‘)this.$el的没有事件列表 //就return; if (! (events || (events = _.result(this, ‘events‘)))) return this; this.undelegateEvents(); for (var key in events) { var method = events[key]; if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]]; if (!method) continue; var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter); /* var v = new View({ //两种绑定事件的方法; clickFn : function(){ console.log(1) }, event : { click .xx : clickFn, click #yy: function(){} } }); */ // "click .xx" ==> ["click .xx", click ,.xx]; // "click #xx" ==> ["click #xx", click ,#xx]; var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2]; //绑定上下文为Backbone.View; method = _.bind(method, this); //事件的命名空间; // click.delegateEvents12 // mousedown.delegateEvents34 //cid为collection的id是唯一的; eventName += ‘.delegateEvents‘ + this.cid; if (selector === ‘‘) { this.$el.on(eventName, method); } else { this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method); } } return this; }, // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`. // You usually don‘t need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element. undelegateEvents: function() { //取消事件代理; //取消对应命名空间下的事件; this.$el.off(‘.delegateEvents‘ + this.cid); return this; }, // Performs the initial configuration of a View with a set of options. // Keys with special meaning *(e.g. model, collection, id, className)* are // attached directly to the view. See `viewOptions` for an exhaustive // list. _configure: function(options) { //用户传进来的数据; //_.result(this, ‘options‘)是直接跑 this[‘options‘]; if (this.options) options = _.extend({}, _.result(this, ‘options‘), options); //把options里面的所有viewOptions的东西全部拿出来; //var viewOptions = [‘model‘, ‘collection‘, ‘el‘, ‘id‘, ‘attributes‘, ‘className‘, ‘tagName‘, ‘events‘]; //this.options只要这些东西; _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions)); this.options = options; }, // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into. // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties. _ensureElement: function() { if (!this.el) { //初始化需要的属性attributes; var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, ‘attributes‘)); //设置新建元素的id if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, ‘id‘); //设置新建元素的className if (this.className) attrs[‘class‘] = _.result(this, ‘className‘); //默认的this.tagName是div; var $el = Backbone.$(‘<‘ + _.result(this, ‘tagName‘) + ‘>‘).attr(attrs); this.setElement($el, false); } else { //这个传的事字符串; //为什么不直接用 this.el呢? this.setElement(_.result(this, ‘el‘), false); } }); // Backbone.sync // ------------- // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request // to the model‘s `url()`. Some possible customizations could be: // // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request. // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON. // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax. // // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method, // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`. // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests. //Backbone的sync(ajax)模块; Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) { var type = methodMap[method]; /* Backbone.emulateHTTP false Backbone.emulateJSON false */ // Default options, unless specified. _.defaults(options || (options = {}), { emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP, emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON }); // Default JSON-request options. var params = { type: type, dataType: ‘json‘ }; // Ensure that we have a URL. //URL为model或者是collection的URL; if (!options.url) { params.url = _.result(model, ‘url‘) || urlError(); } // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data. //使用XHR进行请求; if (options.data == null && model && (method === ‘create‘ || method === ‘update‘ || method === ‘patch‘)) { params.contentType = ‘application/json‘; params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options)); } // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form. //模拟FORM方式提交表单 if (options.emulateJSON) { params.contentType = ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded‘; params.data = params.data ? { model: params.data }: {}; } // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method` // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header. if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === ‘PUT‘ || type === ‘DELETE‘ || type === ‘PATCH‘)) { params.type = ‘POST‘; if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type; var beforeSend = options.beforeSend; options.beforeSend = function(xhr) { xhr.setRequestHeader(‘X-HTTP-Method-Override‘, type); if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments); }; } // Don‘t process data on a non-GET request. if (params.type !== ‘GET‘ && !options.emulateJSON) { params.processData = false; } // If we‘re sending a `PATCH` request, and we‘re in an old Internet Explorer // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8. //低版本的XHR为 ACTIVEXOBJECT对象; if (params.type === ‘PATCH‘ && window.ActiveXObject && !(window.external && window.external.msActiveXFilteringEnabled)) { params.xhr = function() { return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }; } // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options. // Backbone.ajax就是发送请求了,有回调的话直接走回调了; //xhr有请求成功或者失败的回调; var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options)); //同时会触发绑定自定义事件"request" model.trigger(‘request‘, model, xhr, options); return xhr; /* 为Model或者Collection绑定URL; 所以无论是fetch还是sync都是对指定URL的请求，返回的结果参数为xhr; 回调的参数顺序为 model , xhr ,options; */ }; // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation. var methodMap = { ‘create‘: ‘POST‘, ‘update‘: ‘PUT‘, ‘patch‘: ‘PATCH‘, ‘delete‘: ‘DELETE‘, ‘read‘: ‘GET‘ }; // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`. // Override this if you‘d like to use a different library. Backbone.ajax = function() { return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments); }; // Backbone.Router // --------------- // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically. var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) { options || (options = {}); if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes; this._bindRoutes(); this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); }; // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted // parts of route strings. var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g; var namedParam = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g; var splatParam = /\*\w+/g; var escapeRegExp = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g; // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods. _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, { // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own // initialization logic. initialize: function() {}, // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example: // // this.route(‘search/:query/p:num‘, ‘search‘, function(query, num) { // ... // }); // route: function(route, name, callback) { if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route); if (_.isFunction(name)) { callback = name; name = ‘‘; } if (!callback) callback = this[name]; var router = this; Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) { var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment); callback && callback.apply(router, args); router.trigger.apply(router, [‘route:‘ + name].concat(args)); router.trigger(‘route‘, name, args); Backbone.history.trigger(‘route‘, router, name, args); }); return this; }, // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history. navigate: function(fragment, options) { Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options); return this; }, // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map. _bindRoutes: function() { if (!this.routes) return; //就是this.routes,如果类有routes方法，会先执行routes方法，把返回值给this.routes; this.routes = _.result(this, ‘routes‘); var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes); while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) { //把所有key和触发的fn发送到this.route; this.route(route, this.routes[route]); } }, // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching // against the current location hash. _routeToRegExp: function(route) { route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, ‘\\$&‘).replace(optionalParam, ‘(?:$1)?‘).replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) { return optional ? match: ‘([^\/]+)‘; }).replace(splatParam, ‘(.*?)‘); return new RegExp(‘^‘ + route + ‘$‘); }, // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior. _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) { var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1); return _.map(params, function(param) { return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null; }); } }); // Backbone.History // ---------------- // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange) // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch), // falls back to polling. //所有的route都在这边会走一遍; var History = Backbone.History = function() { this.handlers = []; _.bindAll(this, ‘checkUrl‘); // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser. if (typeof window !== ‘undefined‘) { this.location = window.location; this.history = window.history; } }; // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space. var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g; // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes. var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g; // Cached regex for detecting MSIE. var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/; // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash. var trailingSlash = /\/$/; // Has the history handling already been started? History.started = false; // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods. _.extend(History.prototype, Events, { // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is // twenty times a second. interval: 50, // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded. getHash: function(window) { var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/); return match ? match[1] : ‘‘; }, // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL, // the hash, or the override. getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) { if (fragment == null) { if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) { fragment = this.location.pathname; var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, ‘‘); if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.substr(root.length); } else { fragment = this.getHash(); } } return fragment.replace(routeStripper, ‘‘); }, // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches // an existing route, and `false` otherwise. start: function(options) { if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started"); History.started = true; // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe? // Is pushState desired ... is it available? this.options = _.extend({}, { root: ‘/‘ }, this.options, options); this.root = this.options.root; this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false; this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState; this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState); var fragment = this.getFragment(); var docMode = document.documentMode; var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7)); // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash. this.root = (‘/‘ + this.root + ‘/‘).replace(rootStripper, ‘/‘); if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) { this.iframe = Backbone.$(‘<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1" />‘).hide().appendTo(‘body‘)[0].contentWindow; this.navigate(fragment); } // Depending on whether we‘re using pushState or hashes, and whether // ‘onhashchange‘ is supported, determine how we check the URL state. if (this._hasPushState) { Backbone.$(window).on(‘popstate‘, this.checkUrl); } else if (this._wantsHashChange && (‘onhashchange‘ in window) && !oldIE) { Backbone.$(window).on(‘hashchange‘, this.checkUrl); } else if (this._wantsHashChange) { this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval); } // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link // opened by a non-pushState browser. this.fragment = fragment; var loc = this.location; var atRoot = loc.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, ‘$&/‘) === this.root; // If we‘ve started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled browser, // but we‘re currently in a browser that doesn‘t support it... if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState && !this._hasPushState && !atRoot) { this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true); this.location.replace(this.root + this.location.search + ‘#‘ + this.fragment); // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url return true; // Or if we‘ve started out with a hash-based route, but we‘re currently // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead... } else if (this._wantsPushState && this._hasPushState && atRoot && loc.hash) { this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, ‘‘); this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, this.root + this.fragment + loc.search); } if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl(); }, // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app, // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers. stop: function() { Backbone.$(window).off(‘popstate‘, this.checkUrl).off(‘hashchange‘, this.checkUrl); clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval); History.started = false; }, // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later // may override previous routes. route: function(route, callback) { this.handlers.unshift({ route: route, callback: callback }); }, // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has, // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe. checkUrl: function(e) { var current = this.getFragment(); if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) { current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)); } if (current === this.fragment) return false; if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current); this.loadUrl() || this.loadUrl(this.getHash()); }, // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment, // returns `false`. loadUrl: function(fragmentOverride) { var fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragmentOverride); var matched = _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) { if (handler.route.test(fragment)) { handler.callback(fragment); return true; } }); return matched; }, // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the // ‘replace‘ option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding // the fragment in advance. // // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history. navigate: function(fragment, options) { if (!History.started) return false; if (!options || options === true) options = { trigger: options }; fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ‘‘); if (this.fragment === fragment) return; this.fragment = fragment; var url = this.root + fragment; // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL. if (this._hasPushState) { this.history[options.replace ? ‘replaceState‘: ‘pushState‘]({}, document.title, url); // If hash changes haven‘t been explicitly disabled, update the hash // fragment to store history. } else if (this._wantsHashChange) { this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace); if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) { // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a // history entry on hash-tag change. When replace is true, we don‘t // want this. if (!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close(); this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace); } // If you‘ve told us that you explicitly don‘t want fallback hashchange- // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh. } else { return this.location.assign(url); } if (options.trigger) this.loadUrl(fragment); }, // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding // a new one to the browser history. _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) { if (replace) { var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, ‘‘); location.replace(href + ‘#‘ + fragment); } else { // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #. location.hash = ‘#‘ + fragment; } } }); // Create the default Backbone.history. Backbone.history = new History; // Helpers // ------- // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses. // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and // class properties to be extended. var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) { var parent = this; var child; // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted // by us to simply call the parent‘s constructor. if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, ‘constructor‘)) { child = protoProps.constructor; } else { child = function() { return parent.apply(this, arguments); }; } // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied. _.extend(child, parent, staticProps); // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling // `parent`‘s constructor function. var Surrogate = function() { this.constructor = child; }; Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype; child.prototype = new Surrogate; // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass, // if supplied. if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps); // Set a convenience property in case the parent‘s prototype is needed // later. child.__super__ = parent.prototype; return child; }; // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history. Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend; // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied. var urlError = function() { throw new Error(‘A "url" property or function must be specified‘); }; // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event. var wrapError = function(model, options) { var error = options.error; options.error = function(resp) { if (error) error(model, resp, options); model.trigger(‘error‘, model, resp, options); }; }; }).call(this);
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/diligenceday/p/4078262.html
