爬虫基础

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

response = requests.get(‘https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/‘)

response.encoding = ‘gbk‘
# print(response.text)

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, ‘html.parser‘)
div = soup.find(name=‘div‘, attrs={‘id‘: ‘auto-channel-lazyload-article‘})
li_list = div.find_all(name=‘li‘)
for li in li_list:
    title = li.find(name=‘h3‘)
    if not title:
        continue
    p = li.find(name=‘p‘)
    a = li.find(name=‘a‘)
    print(title.text)
    print(‘https:‘+a.attrs.get(‘href‘))
    print(p.text)

    img = li.find(name=‘img‘)
    src = ‘https:‘+img.get(‘src‘)
    print(‘图片地址:‘, src)

    # 再次发起请求，下载图片
    file_name = src.rsplit(‘/‘, maxsplit=1)[1]
    ret = requests.get(src)
    with open(file_name, ‘wb‘) as f:
        f.write(ret.content)

-  带请求头
-  带cookie
-  登录：
     - 获取cookie
     - 登录：携带cookie做授权
     - 带cookie访问

import requests
# 1.查看首页
r1 = requests.get(
    url=‘https://dig.chouti.com/‘,
    headers={
    ‘User-Agent‘:‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.100 Safari/537.36‘
}
)
print(r1.cookies.get_dict())

# 2.提交用户名密码
r2 = requests.post(
    url=‘https://dig.chouti.com/login‘,
    headers={
        ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.100 Safari/537.36‘
    },
    data={
        ‘phone‘: ‘ ‘,
        ‘password‘: ‘ ‘,
        ‘loginType‘: 2
    },
    cookies=r1.cookies.get_dict()
)
print(r2.cookies.get_dict())  # r2的cookie是为了混淆用户

# 3. 点赞
r3 = requests.post(
    url=‘https://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=213513‘,
    headers={
        ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.100 Safari/537.36‘
    },
    cookies=r1.cookies.get_dict()
)

- 带请求头
- 带cookie
- 请求体中：
    commit: Sign in
    authenticity_token: fwExDGfDocMu618vzVz/BShvnGl38bJyFUHDRYc5QwIHFcbceG3aUZP2Dpi1jfbiNXftayc66WmekTtPzBqaEQ==
    ga_id: 80462516.1585963792
    login: ax
    password: ax

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
################# 示例三:自动登陆github ################

# 1. GET形式 访问登陆页面
‘‘‘
去HTML中找隐藏的Input标签获取csrf token
获取cookie
‘‘‘
i1 = requests.get(‘https://github.com/login‘)
soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, ‘html.parser‘)
tag = soup1.find(name=‘input‘, attrs={‘name‘: ‘authenticity_token‘})
authenticity_token = tag.get(‘value‘)
c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()


# 2.POST 用户名和密码
‘‘‘
发送数据：
    csrf
    用户名 密码
    携带cookie
‘‘‘
form_data={
    ‘authenticity_token‘: authenticity_token,
    ‘utf8‘:‘‘,
    ‘commit‘: ‘Sign in‘,
    ‘login‘: ‘1013570964@qq.com‘,
    ‘password‘: ‘cuike1219‘
}
i2 = requests.post(‘https://github.com/session‘, data=form_data, cookies=c1)
c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()
c1.update(c2)

# 3. GET 访问主页地址
‘‘‘
携带cookie
‘‘‘
i3 = requests.get(
    url=‘https://github.com/settings/repositories‘,
    cookies=c1,
    headers={
    ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.100 Safari/537.36‘
})
soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, ‘html.parser‘)
list_gruop = soup3.find_all(name=‘div‘, attrs={‘class‘:‘Box-row simple public js-collab-repo‘})
# print(list_gruop)
for child in list_gruop:
    a = child.find(name=‘a‘)
    print(a.text)
    print(a.attrs.get(‘href‘))

- 密码如果加密
    - 找js，通过python实现加密方式
    - 找密文，直接用密文登录
- Referer头；上一次请求地址，可以用来做防盗链

import requests, re

r1 = requests.get(‘https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html‘,
     headers={
         ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36‘,
     },
)
X_Anti_Forge_Token = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Token = ‘(.*?)‘", r1.text, re.S)[0]
X_Anti_Forge_Code = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Code = ‘(.*?)‘", r1.text, re.S)[0]
print(X_Anti_Forge_Token, X_Anti_Forge_Code)
# print(r1.text)

r2 = requests.post(
    url=‘https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json‘,
    headers={
    ‘Referer‘: ‘https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html‘,    # 上一次的请求是什么
    ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.100 Safari/537.36‘,
    ‘X-Anit-Forge-Code‘: X_Anti_Forge_Code,
    ‘X-Anit-Forge-Token‘: X_Anti_Forge_Token,
    ‘X-Requested-With‘: ‘XMLHttpRequest‘
    },
    data={
        "isValidate": True,
        ‘username‘: ‘17715689746‘,
        ‘password‘: ‘ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c12‘,
        ‘request_form_verifyCode‘: ‘‘,
        ‘submit‘: ‘‘
    },
    cookies=r1.cookies.get_dict()
)
print(r2.text)

app.py:
    from flask import Flask, render_template, request, jsonify, session
    import queue
    import uuid

    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.secret_key = "sadxasxc"


    USERS = {
        ‘1‘: {‘name‘:‘alex‘, ‘count‘:1},
        ‘2‘: {‘name‘: ‘blex‘, ‘count‘: 0},
        ‘3‘: {‘name‘: ‘clex‘, ‘count‘: 0}

    }
    # 为每个用户建立一个q对象
    # 以用户的uuid为key 值为q对象
    Q_DICT = {}


    @app.route("/")
    def index():
        user_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
        session["user_uuid"] = user_uuid
        Q_DICT[user_uuid] = queue.Queue()
        return render_template("user_list.html", users=USERS)


    @app.route("/vote", methods=["POST"])
    def vote():
        # 投票 循环q对象的dict 给每个q对象返回值
        uid = request.form.get("uid")
        USERS[uid]["count"] += 1
        for q in Q_DICT.values():
            q.put(USERS)
        return "投票成功"


    @app.route("/get/vote", methods=["GET",])
    def get_vote():
        # 获取投票结果 去自己的q对象里取值 没有夯住 知道有或者超时返回
        user_uuid = session.get("user_uuid")
        q = Q_DICT[user_uuid]
        ret = {‘status‘: True, ‘data‘: None}
        try:
            users = q.get(timeout=30)
            ret[‘data‘] = users
        except queue.Empty:
            ret[‘status‘] = False
        return jsonify(ret)


    if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
        app.run()
        
user_list.html:
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="zh-CN">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
        <style>
            li{
                cursor: pointer;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <ul id="userList">
        {% for key,val in users.items() %}
            <li uid="{{key}}">{{val.name}}({{val.count}})</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.js"></script>
    <script>
       $(function () {
           $(‘#userList‘).on(‘click‘, ‘li‘, function () {
               var uid = $(this).attr(‘uid‘);
               $.ajax({
                url:‘/vote‘,
                type:‘POST‘,
                data:{uid:uid},
                success:function (arg) {
                   console.log(arg);
                }
            })
           });
           get_vote();
       });
       // 获取投票信息
       function get_vote() {
           $.ajax({
               url:‘/get/vote‘,
               type: ‘GET‘,
               dataType:‘JSON‘,
               success:function (arg) {
                   if(arg.status){                                    
                       $(‘#userList‘).empty();
                       $.each(arg.data,function (k,v) {
                           // console.log(k,v);
                           var li = document.createElement(‘li‘);
                           li.setAttribute(‘uid‘,k);
                           li.innerText= v.name+"(" + v.count + ")";
                           $(‘#userList‘).append(li);
                       })
                       }
                   get_vote();
               }
           })
       }

    </script>
    </body>
    </html>

前端：
    import json
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    from flask import Flask,render_template,session,jsonify,request
    import time, re
    import requests

    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.secret_key=‘134‘

    def xml_parse(arg):
        soup= BeautifulSoup(arg, ‘html.parser‘)
        tag_list = soup.find(name=‘error‘).find_all()
        res = {}
        for tag in tag_list:
            res[tag.name] = tag.text
        return res
        
    # 获取二维码
    @app.route(‘/login‘)
    def login():
        ctime = int(time.time()*1000)
        qcode_url = ‘https://login.wx.qq.com/jslogin?appid=wx782c26e4c19acffb&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwx.qq.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmmwebwx-bin%2Fwebwxnewloginpage&fun=new&lang=zh_CN&_={0}‘.format(ctime)
        rep = requests.get(
            url=qcode_url
        )
        # print(rep.text)  # window.QRLogin.code = 200; window.QRLogin.uuid = "Qfq90M3SgA==";
        qcode = re.findall(‘uuid = "(.*)";‘, rep.text)[0]
        session[‘qcode‘] = qcode
        return render_template(‘login.html‘, qcode=qcode)
        

    # 检查登录状态
    @app.route(‘/check/login‘)
    def check_log():
        result = {‘code‘: 408}
        qcode = session[‘qcode‘]
        ctime = int(time.time()*1000)

        check_log_url = ‘https://login.wx.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/login?loginicon=true&uuid={0}&tip=0&r=-1380761436&_={1}‘.format(qcode,ctime)
        rep = requests.get(url=check_log_url)

        if ‘window.code=408‘ in rep.text:
            # 用户未扫描
            result[‘code‘] = 408
        elif ‘window.code=201‘ in rep.text:
            # 用户扫码，获取图像
            result[‘code‘] = 201
            result[‘avatar‘] = re.findall("window.userAvatar = ‘(.*)‘;", rep.text)[0]
        elif ‘window.code=200‘ in rep.text:
            # 用户确认登录
            result[‘code‘] = 200
            redirect_uri = re.findall(‘window.redirect_uri="(.*)";‘, rep.text)[0]
            redirect_uri = redirect_uri+"&fun=new&version=v2"
            ru = requests.get(url=redirect_uri)
            print(ru.text)
            ticket_dict = xml_parse(ru.text)
            session[‘ticket_dict‘] = ticket_dict
            session[‘ticket_cookies‘] = ru.cookies.get_dict()
        return jsonify(result)
    
    # 初始化信息
    @app.route(‘/index‘)
    def index():
        pass_ticket = session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘pass_ticket‘]
        init_url = "https://login.wx.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxinit?r=-979112921&lang=zh_CN&pass_ticket={0}".format(pass_ticket)
        rep = requests.post(
            url=init_url,
            json={
                ‘BaseRequest‘:{
                    ‘DeviceID‘:‘e700290354098676‘,
                    ‘Sid‘:session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘wxsid‘],
                    ‘Skey‘:session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘skey‘],
                    ‘Uin‘:session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘wxuin‘]
                }
            }
        )
        rep.encoding = ‘utf-8‘
        init_user_dict = rep.json()
        print(init_user_dict)
        return render_template(‘index.html‘,init_user_dict=init_user_dict)
    
    # 获取所有联系人的列表
    @app.route(‘/contact_list‘)
    def contact_list():
        ‘‘‘
        获取所有联系人的列表
        :return:
        ‘‘‘
        ctime = int(time.time()*1000)
        pass_ticket = session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘pass_ticket‘]
        skey = session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘skey‘]
        contact_url = ‘https://wx.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxgetcontact?lang=zh_CN&pass_ticket={0}&r={1}&seq=0&skey={2}‘.format(pass_ticket, ctime, skey)

        res = requests.get(
            url=contact_url,
            cookies=session[‘ticket_cookies‘]
        )
        res.encoding = ‘utf-8‘
        user_list = res.json()
        return render_template(‘contact_list‘,user_list=user_list)
    
    # 获得用户图像
    @app.route(‘/get_img‘)
    def get_img():
        prev = request.args.get(‘prev‘)
        username = request.args.get(‘username‘)
        skey = request.args.get(‘skey‘)

        haed_img_url = "https://wx.qq.com{0}&username={1}&skey={2}".format(prev,username,skey)
        rep = requests.get(
            url= haed_img_url,
            cookies=session[‘ticket_cookies‘]

        )
        return rep.content

    # 发送消息
    @app.route(‘/send/msg‘, methods=[‘GET‘,‘POST‘])
    def send_msg():
        if request.method==‘GET‘:
            return render_template(‘send_msg.html‘)
        from_user = request.form.get(‘fromUser‘)
        to_user = request.form.get(‘toUser‘)
        content = request.form.get(‘content‘)
        ctime = int(time.time()*1000)

        data_dict = {
            ‘BaseRequest‘:{
                    ‘DeviceID‘:‘e700290354098676‘,
                    ‘Sid‘:session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘wxsid‘],
                    ‘Skey‘:session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘skey‘],
                    ‘Uin‘:session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘wxuin‘]
                },
            ‘Msg‘:{
                ‘ClientMsgId‘:ctime,
                ‘Content‘:content,
                ‘FromUserName‘:from_user,
                ‘LocalID‘: ctime,
                ‘ToUserName‘:to_user,
                ‘Type‘:1
            },
            ‘Scene‘:0
        }
        msg_url = ‘https://wx.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/webwxsendmsg?lang=zh_CN&pass_ticket={0}‘.format(session[‘ticket_dict‘][‘pass_ticket‘])
        # 数据类型是json格式
        rep = requests.post(
            url=msg_url,
            data=bytes(json.dumps(data_dict, ensure_ascii=False), encoding=‘utf-8‘)
        )
        print(rep)
        return ‘发送成功‘


    if __name__==‘__main__‘:

        app.run()