标签:传参 query 响应 实现 wrap body something install sim
Flask基于python开发并依赖于jinjia2和werkzeug WSGI服务一个微型框架.
Werkzeug本质是Socket服务端,用来接收http请求并对请求进行预处理,然后触发Flask框架,
开发人员基于Flask框架提供的功能对请求进行相应的处理,并返回给用户,如果要返回给用户复杂内容时,
需要借助jinjia2模板来实现对模板的处理,即:将模板和数据进行渲染,江选然后的字符串返回给用户.
我们用python直接写Web业务,剩下的TCP连接,HTTP原始请求和响应格式就需要一个统一的接口协议来实现,
这个接口就是WSGI(Web Server Gateway Interface),wsgiref就是python基于wsgi协议开发的服务模块.代码如下:
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server def mya(environ, start_response): print(environ) start_response(‘200 OK‘, [(‘Content-Type‘, ‘text/html‘)]) if environ.get(‘PATH_INFO‘) == ‘/index‘: with open(‘index.html‘,‘rb‘) as f: data=f.read() elif environ.get(‘PATH_INFO‘) == ‘/login‘: with open(‘login.html‘, ‘rb‘) as f: data = f.read() else: data=b‘<h1>Hello, web!</h1>‘ return [data] if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: myserver = make_server(‘‘, 8011, mya) print(‘监听8010‘) myserver.serve_forever() wsgiref简单应用 我们平时写flask的代码其实就是在改写mya这个函数的内容
pip install flask
Werkzeug是WSGI的一个工具包,可以作为Web框架的底层库.(因为Werkzeug里面封装了好多web框架的东西,入Request,Response等)
代码:
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response @Request.application def hello(request): return Response(‘Hello World!‘) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: from werkzeug.serving import run_simple run_simple(‘localhost‘, 4000, hello)
from flask import Flask # 实例化产生一个Flask对象 app = Flask(__name__) # 将 ‘/‘和视图函数hello_workd的对应关系添加到路由中,flask所有的路由都是在装饰其中添加的 @app.route(‘/‘) # 1. v=app.route(‘/‘) 2. v(hello_world) def hello_world(): return ‘Hello World!‘ if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run() # 最终调用了run_simple()
主文件(xxx.py):
from flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirect,session,url_for app = Flask(__name__) app.debug = True app.secret_key = ‘sdfsdfsdfsdf‘ USERS = { 1:{‘name‘:‘张三‘,‘age‘:18,‘gender‘:‘男‘,‘text‘:"道路千万条"}, 2:{‘name‘:‘李四‘,‘age‘:28,‘gender‘:‘男‘,‘text‘:"安全第一条"}, 3:{‘name‘:‘王五‘,‘age‘:18,‘gender‘:‘女‘,‘text‘:"行车不规范"}, } @app.route(‘/detail/<int:nid>‘,methods=[‘GET‘]) def detail(nid): user = session.get(‘user_info‘) if not user: return redirect(‘/login‘) info = USERS.get(nid) return render_template(‘detail.html‘,info=info) @app.route(‘/index‘,methods=[‘GET‘]) def index(): user = session.get(‘user_info‘) if not user: # return redirect(‘/login‘) url = url_for(‘l1‘) return redirect(url) return render_template(‘index.html‘,user_dict=USERS) @app.route(‘/login‘,methods=[‘GET‘,‘POST‘],endpoint=‘l1‘) def login(): if request.method == "GET": return render_template(‘login.html‘) else: # request.query_string user = request.form.get(‘user‘) pwd = request.form.get(‘pwd‘) if user == ‘cxw‘ and pwd == ‘123‘: session[‘user_info‘] = user return redirect(‘http://www.baidu.com‘) return render_template(‘login.html‘,error=‘用户名或密码错误‘) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run()
前端:
三种前端取值方式:
①dic.name
②dic[‘name‘]
③dic.get(‘name‘)
html文件:
detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>详细信息 {{info.name}}</h1> <div> {{info.text}} </div> </body> </html>
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>详细信息 {{info.name}}</h1> <div> {{info.text}} </div> </body> </html>
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>用户登录</h1> <form method="post"> <input type="text" name="user"> <input type="text" name="pwd"> <input type="submit" value="登录">{{error}} </form> </body> </html>
{ ‘DEBUG‘: get_debug_flag(default=False), 是否开启Debug模式 ‘TESTING‘: False, 是否开启测试模式 ‘PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS‘: None, ‘PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION‘: None, ‘SECRET_KEY‘: None, ‘PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME‘: timedelta(days=31), ‘USE_X_SENDFILE‘: False, ‘LOGGER_NAME‘: None, ‘LOGGER_HANDLER_POLICY‘: ‘always‘, ‘SERVER_NAME‘: None, ‘APPLICATION_ROOT‘: None, ‘SESSION_COOKIE_NAME‘: ‘session‘, ‘SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN‘: None, ‘SESSION_COOKIE_PATH‘: None, ‘SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY‘: True, ‘SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE‘: False, ‘SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST‘: True, ‘MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH‘: None, ‘SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT‘: timedelta(hours=12), ‘TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS‘: False, ‘TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS‘: False, ‘EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING‘: False, ‘PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME‘: ‘http‘, ‘JSON_AS_ASCII‘: True, ‘JSON_SORT_KEYS‘: True, ‘JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR‘: True, ‘JSONIFY_MIMETYPE‘: ‘application/json‘, ‘TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD‘: None, }
配置上述配置时,在主文件的函数中写:
法一:
app.config[‘DEBUG‘] = True app.debug=True 也行 PS: 由于Config对象本质上是字典,所以还可以使用app.config.update(...)
法二:
#通过py文件配置 app.config.from_pyfile("python文件名称") 如: settings.py DEBUG = True app.config.from_pyfile("settings.py") #通过环境变量配置 app.config.from_envvar("环境变量名称") #app.config.from_pyfile(os.environ[‘YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS‘]) 环境变量的值为python文件名称名称,内部调用from_pyfile方法 app.config.from_json("json文件名称") JSON文件名称,必须是json格式,因为内部会执行json.loads app.config.from_mapping({‘DEBUG‘: True}) 字典格式 app.config.from_object("python类或类的路径") app.config.from_object(‘pro_flask.settings.TestingConfig‘) settings.py class Config(object): DEBUG = False TESTING = False DATABASE_URI = ‘sqlite://:memory:‘ class ProductionConfig(Config): DATABASE_URI = ‘mysql://user@localhost/foo‘ class DevelopmentConfig(Config): DEBUG = True class TestingConfig(Config): TESTING = True PS: 从sys.path中已经存在路径开始写 PS: settings.py文件默认路径要放在程序root_path目录,如果instance_relative_config为True,则就是instance_path目录(Flask对象init方法的参数)
标准语法: @app.route(‘/detail/<int:nid>‘,methods=[‘GET‘],endpoint=‘detail‘)
默认转换器
DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = { ‘default‘: UnicodeConverter, ‘string‘: UnicodeConverter, ‘any‘: AnyConverter, ‘path‘: PathConverter, ‘int‘: IntegerConverter, ‘float‘: FloatConverter, ‘uuid‘: UUIDConverter, }
""" 1. decorator = app.route(‘/‘,methods=[‘GET‘,‘POST‘],endpoint=‘n1‘) def route(self, rule, **options): # app对象 # rule= / # options = {methods=[‘GET‘,‘POST‘],endpoint=‘n1‘} def decorator(f): endpoint = options.pop(‘endpoint‘, None) self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options) return f return decorator 2. @decorator decorator(index) """ #同理 def login(): return ‘登录‘ app.add_url_rule(‘/login‘, ‘n2‘, login, methods=[‘GET‘,"POST"]) #与django路由类似 #django与flask路由:flask路由基于装饰器,本质是基于:add_url_rule #add_url_rule 源码中,endpoint如果为空,endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func),最终取view_func.__name__(函数名)
渲染变量: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>用户列表</h1> <table> {% for k,v in user_dict.items() %} <tr> <td>{{k}}</td> <td>{{v.name}}</td> <td>{{v[‘name‘]}}</td> <td>{{v.get(‘name‘)}}</td> <td><a href="/detail/{{k}}">查看详细</a></td> </tr> {% endfor %} </table> </body> </html> 变量循环: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>用户列表</h1> <table> {% for k,v in user_dict.items() %} <tr> <td>{{k}}</td> <td>{{v.name}}</td> <td>{{v[‘name‘]}}</td> <td>{{v.get(‘name‘)}}</td> <td><a href="/detail/{{k}}">查看详细</a></td> </tr> {% endfor %} </table> </body> </html> 逻辑判断: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>用户列表</h1> <table> {% if name %} <h1>Hello {{ name }}!</h1> {% else %} <h1>Hello World!</h1> {% endif %} </table> </body> </html>
主文件: from flask import Flask,render_template,Markup,jsonify,make_response app = Flask(__name__) def func1(arg): return Markup("<input type=‘text‘ value=‘%s‘ />" %(arg,)) #Markup和django的make_safe一样 @app.route(‘/‘) def index(): return render_template(‘index.html‘,ff = func1)#参数func1就传过去了 if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run() html文件中: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> {{ff(‘六五‘)}} #使用ff变量 {{ff(‘六五‘)|safe}} </body> </html>
from flask import Flask from flask import request from flask import render_template from flask import redirect from flask import make_response app = Flask(__name__) @app.route(‘/login.html‘, methods=[‘GET‘, "POST"]) def login(): # 请求相关信息 # request.method 提交的方法 # request.args get请求提及的数据 # request.form post请求提交的数据 # request.values post和get提交的数据总和 # request.cookies 客户端所带的cookie # request.headers 请求头 # request.path 不带域名,请求路径 # request.full_path 不带域名,带参数的请求路径 # request.script_root # request.url 带域名带参数的请求路径 # request.base_url 带域名请求路径 # request.url_root 域名 # request.host_url 域名 # request.host 127.0.0.1:500 # request.files # obj = request.files[‘the_file_name‘] # obj.save(‘/var/www/uploads/‘ + secure_filename(f.filename)) # 响应相关信息 # return "字符串" # return render_template(‘html模板路径‘,**{}) # return redirect(‘/index.html‘) #return jsonify({‘k1‘:‘v1‘}) # response = make_response(render_template(‘index.html‘)) # response是flask.wrappers.Response类型 # response.delete_cookie(‘key‘) # response.set_cookie(‘key‘, ‘value‘) # response.headers[‘X-Something‘] = ‘A value‘ # return response return "内容" if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run()
标签:传参 query 响应 实现 wrap body something install sim
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shengjunqiye/p/12795041.html