标签：star 信息 cached utils 简单的 yun cat rdp tor
Ansible Roles 详解与实战案例
说明：
1、 运维人员使用的登录账号；
2、 所有的业务都放在 /app/ 下「yun用户的家目录」，避免业务数据乱放；
3、 该用户也被 ansible 使用，因为几乎所有的生产环境都是禁止 root 远程登录的（因此该 yun 用户也进行了 sudo 提权）。
1 # 使用一个专门的用户，避免直接使用root用户 2 # 添加用户、指定家目录并指定用户密码 3 # sudo提权 4 # 让其它普通用户可以进入该目录查看信息 5 useradd -u 1050 -d /app yun && echo ‘123456‘ | /usr/bin/passwd --stdin yun 6 echo "yun ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers 7 chmod 755 /app/
之后文章都是如下主机配置清单
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_info]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_info]$ cat hosts_key 4 # 方式1、主机 + 端口 + 密钥 5 [manageservers] 6 172.16.1.180:22 7 8 [proxyservers] 9 172.16.1.18[1:2]:22 10 11 # 方式2：别名 + 主机 + 端口 + 密码 12 [webservers] 13 web01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.183 ansible_ssh_port=22 14 web02 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.184 ansible_ssh_port=22 15 web03 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.185 ansible_ssh_port=22
前面已经学习了 变量、tasks 和 handlers，那怎样组织 playbook 才是最好的方式呢？
简单的回答就是：使用 roles。roles 基于一个已知的文件结构，去自动的加载某些 vars_files，tasks 以及 handlers。以便 playbook 更好的调用。相比 playbook，roles 的结构更加的清晰有层次。
假如：无论我们安装什么软件都会安装时间同步服务，那么每个 playbook 都要编写时间同步服务的 task。此时我们可以将时间同步服务 task 写好，等到用的时候再调用即可。
注意事项：在编写 roles 的时候，最好能够将一个 task 拆分为一个文件，方便后续复用「彻底打散」。
在 roles 目录下，可以使用如下命令创建目录
ansible-galaxy init nfs roles # 其中 nfs 为目录名称
这样创建的目录是全目录，但是我们可能只需要部分目录，因此实际应用中大多数都由我们自己创建目录，而不是用命令创建目录。
示例目录构造如下：
1 [yun@ansi-manager tmp]$ tree ./ 2 ./ 3 ├── sit.yml 4 ├── webservers.yml 5 └── roles 6 └── nfs # 角色名称 7 ├── defaults # 角色默认变量（最低优先级） 8 │ └── main.yml 9 ├── files # 文件存放 10 ├── handlers # 触发任务 11 │ └── main.yml 12 ├── meta # 依赖关系 13 │ └── main.yml 14 ├── README.md # 使用说明 15 ├── tasks # 具体任务 16 │ └── main.yml 17 ├── templates # 模板文件 18 └── vars # 角色其他变量 19 └── main.yml 20 21 10 directories, 10 files
目录说明：
1、首先要有 roles 目录，然后在 roles 目录下创建相应的目录。
2、roles 下的目录名最好见文知意，如 common 目录表示基础目录，是必要的；nfs 目录表示安装 nfs 服务；memcached 目录表示安装 memcached 服务；等等。
3、可以根据自身需要创建 roles 下的二级目录，不需要的目录可以不创建，没需要全目录创建。
4、roles 目录下的二级目录中，有些目录必须包含一个 main.yml 文件，以便 ansible 使用。
roles 允许在使用 role 时自动引入其他 role。roles 的依赖关系存储在 role 目录中的 meta/main.yml 文件中。
例如：安装 WordPress 是需要先确保 Nginx 和 PHP 都能正常运行，此时都可以在 WordPress 的 role 中定义依赖 Nginx 和 php-fpm 的 role。
1 [yun@ansi-manager playbook]$ cat /app/roles/wordpress/meta/main.yml 2 --- 3 dependencies: 4 - { role: nginx } 5 - { role: php-fpm }
此时 WordPress 的 role 会先执行 Nginx 的 role，然后执行 php-fpm 的 role，最后再执行 WordPress 本身的 role。
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ll 4 total 4 5 drwxrwxr-x 2 yun yun 17 Sep 15 19:41 group_vars 6 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yun yun 108 Sep 15 19:37 nfs_server.yml 7 drwxrwxr-x 4 yun yun 35 Sep 15 18:00 roles 8 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ tree # 目录结构 9 . 10 ├── group_vars 11 │ └── all 12 ├── nfs_server.yml 13 └── roles 14 ├── nfs # 服务端 15 │ ├── handlers 16 │ │ └── main.yml 17 │ ├── tasks 18 │ │ ├── config.yml 19 │ │ ├── install.yml 20 │ │ ├── main.yml 21 │ │ ├── mkdir.yml 22 │ │ ├── start_NFS.yml 23 │ │ └── start_rpcbind.yml 24 │ └── templates 25 │ └── exports.j2 26 └── nfs_client # 客户端 27 └── tasks 28 └── main.yml 29 30 9 directories, 11 files
目录结构
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ tree roles/nfs 4 roles/nfs 5 ├── handlers 6 │ └── main.yml 7 ├── tasks 8 │ ├── config.yml 9 │ ├── install.yml 10 │ ├── main.yml 11 │ ├── mkdir.yml 12 │ ├── start_NFS.yml 13 │ └── start_rpcbind.yml 14 └── templates 15 └── exports.j2 16 17 4 directories, 8 files
tasks任务目录信息
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat roles/nfs/tasks/main.yml 2 - include_tasks: install.yml 3 - include_tasks: config.yml 4 - include_tasks: mkdir.yml 5 - include_tasks: start_rpcbind.yml 6 - include_tasks: start_NFS.yml 7 8 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat roles/nfs/tasks/install.yml 9 - name: "install package NFS " 10 yum: 11 name: 12 - nfs-utils 13 - rpcbind 14 state: present 15 16 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat roles/nfs/tasks/config.yml 17 - name: "NFS server config and edit restart" 18 template: 19 src: exports.j2 20 dest: /etc/exports 21 owner: root 22 group: root 23 mode: ‘644‘ 24 notify: "reload NFS server" 25 26 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat roles/nfs/tasks/mkdir.yml 27 - name: "create NFS dir" 28 file: 29 path: /data 30 owner: yun 31 group: yun 32 state: directory 33 recurse: yes 34 35 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat roles/nfs/tasks/start_rpcbind.yml 36 - name: "rpcbind server start" 37 systemd: 38 name: rpcbind 39 state: started 40 daemon_reload: yes 41 enabled: yes 42 43 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat roles/nfs/tasks/start_NFS.yml 44 - name: "NFS server start" 45 systemd: 46 name: nfs 47 state: started 48 daemon_reload: yes 49 enabled: yes
handlers任务目录信息
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat roles/nfs/handlers/main.yml 2 - name: "reload NFS server" 3 systemd: 4 name: nfs 5 state: reloaded
模板目录信息
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat roles/nfs/templates/exports.j2 2 {{ nfs_dir }} 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,root_squash,all_squash,anonuid=1050,anongid=1050)
客户端就比较简单了，就一个挂载任务
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat roles/nfs_client/tasks/main.yml 2 - name: "mount NFS server" 3 mount: 4 src: 172.16.1.180:{{ nfs_dir }} 5 path: /mnt 6 fstype: nfs 7 opts: defaults 8 state: mounted
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat group_vars/all 4 # NFS 服务端目录 5 nfs_dir: /data
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat nfs_server.yml 2 --- 3 # NFS server 4 - hosts: manageservers 5 roles: 6 - nfs 7 8 - hosts: proxyservers 9 roles: 10 - nfs_client
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key --syntax-check nfs_server.yml # 语法检测 2 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key -C nfs_server.yml # 预执行，测试执行 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key nfs_server.yml # 执行
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ll 4 total 8 5 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yun yun 71 Sep 16 09:05 memcached_server.yml 6 drwxrwxr-x 5 yun yun 52 Sep 16 08:38 roles 7 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ tree roles/ 8 roles/ 9 └── memcached 10 ├── handlers 11 │ └── main.yml 12 ├── tasks 13 │ ├── config.yml 14 │ ├── install.yml 15 │ ├── main.yml 16 │ └── start.yml 17 └── templates 18 └── memcached.j2 19 20 11 directories, 15 files
目录结构
1 [yun@ansi-manager memcached]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles/roles/memcached 3 [yun@ansi-manager memcached]$ ll 4 total 0 5 drwxrwxr-x 2 yun yun 22 Sep 16 08:56 handlers 6 drwxrwxr-x 2 yun yun 76 Sep 16 08:53 tasks 7 drwxrwxr-x 2 yun yun 26 Sep 16 08:55 templates 8 [yun@ansi-manager memcached]$ tree 9 . 10 ├── handlers 11 │ └── main.yml 12 ├── tasks 13 │ ├── config.yml 14 │ ├── install.yml 15 │ ├── main.yml 16 │ └── start.yml 17 └── templates 18 └── memcached.j2 19 20 3 directories, 6 files
tasks任务目录信息
1 [yun@ansi-manager memcached]$ cat tasks/main.yml 2 - include_tasks: install.yml 3 - include_tasks: config.yml 4 - include_tasks: start.yml 5 6 [yun@ansi-manager memcached]$ cat tasks/install.yml 7 - name: " install package memcached" 8 yum: 9 name: memcached 10 state: present 11 12 [yun@ansi-manager memcached]$ cat tasks/config.yml 13 - name: "memcached server config and edit restart" 14 template: 15 src: memcached.j2 16 dest: /etc/sysconfig/memcached 17 owner: root 18 group: root 19 mode: ‘644‘ 20 notify: "restart memcached server" 21 22 [yun@ansi-manager memcached]$ cat tasks/start.yml 23 - name: "memcached server start" 24 systemd: 25 name: memcached 26 state: started 27 daemon_reload: yes 28 enabled: yes
handlers任务目录信息
1 [yun@ansi-manager memcached]$ cat handlers/main.yml 2 - name: "restart memcached server" 3 systemd: 4 name: memcached 5 state: restarted
模板目录信息
1 [yun@ansi-manager memcached]$ cat templates/memcached.j2 2 PORT="11211" 3 USER="memcached" 4 MAXCONN="1024" 5 CACHESIZE="{{ ansible_memtotal_mb // 2 }}" 6 OPTIONS=""
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat memcached_server.yml 2 --- 3 # memcached server 4 - hosts: manageservers 5 roles: 6 - memcached
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key --syntax-check memcached_server.yml # 语法检测 2 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key -C memcached_server.yml # 预执行，测试执行 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key memcached_server.yml # 执行
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ll 4 total 12 5 drwxrwxr-x 2 yun yun 17 Sep 29 09:33 group_vars 6 drwxrwxr-x 7 yun yun 86 Sep 29 08:49 roles 7 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yun yun 116 Sep 29 09:50 rsyncd_server.yml 8 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ tree roles/ 9 roles/ 10 ├── rsync_client 11 │ ├── tasks 12 │ │ └── main.yml 13 │ └── templates 14 │ └── rsync.password.j2 15 └── rsyncd 16 ├── handlers 17 │ └── main.yml 18 ├── tasks 19 │ ├── config.yml 20 │ ├── install.yml 21 │ ├── main.yml 22 │ ├── mkdir.yml 23 │ └── start_rsyncd.yml 24 └── templates 25 ├── rsyncd.conf.j2 26 └── rsync.password.j2 27 28 18 directories, 25 files
目录结构
1 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles/roles/rsyncd 3 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ tree 4 . 5 ├── handlers 6 │ └── main.yml 7 ├── tasks 8 │ ├── config.yml 9 │ ├── install.yml 10 │ ├── main.yml 11 │ ├── mkdir.yml 12 │ └── start_rsyncd.yml 13 └── templates 14 ├── rsyncd.conf.j2 15 └── rsync.password.j2 16 17 3 directories, 8 files
tasks任务目录信息
1 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles/roles/rsyncd 3 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ cat tasks/main.yml 4 - include_tasks: install.yml 5 - include_tasks: config.yml 6 - include_tasks: mkdir.yml 7 - include_tasks: start_rsyncd.yml 8 9 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ cat tasks/install.yml 10 - name: "Install package rsync" 11 yum: 12 name: rsync 13 state: present 14 15 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ cat tasks/config.yml 16 - name: "rsyncd server config and edit restart" 17 template: 18 src: rsyncd.conf.j2 19 dest: /etc/rsyncd.conf 20 owner: root 21 group: root 22 mode: ‘644‘ 23 notify: "restart rsyncd server" 24 25 - name: "rsyncd server password file" 26 template: 27 src: rsync.password.j2 28 dest: /etc/rsync.password 29 owner: root 30 group: root 31 mode: ‘400‘ 32 33 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ cat tasks/mkdir.yml 34 - name: "create rsync business backup dir" 35 file: 36 path: /backup/busi_data 37 owner: root 38 group: root 39 state: directory 40 recurse: yes 41 42 - name: "create rsync database backup dir" 43 file: 44 path: /backup/database 45 owner: root 46 group: root 47 state: directory 48 recurse: yes 49 50 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ cat tasks/start_rsyncd.yml 51 - name: "rsyncd server start" 52 systemd: 53 name: rsyncd 54 state: started 55 daemon_reload: yes 56 enabled: yes
handlers任务目录信息
1 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ cat handlers/main.yml 2 - name: "restart rsyncd server" 3 systemd: 4 name: rsyncd 5 state: restarted
模板目录信息
1 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles/roles/rsyncd 3 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ cat templates/rsyncd.conf.j2 # 文件1 4 # 备注：更多参数与更多详解，参见 man rsyncd.conf 5 #rsync_config---------------start 6 uid = root 7 gid = root 8 use chroot = false 9 max connections = 200 10 timeout = 100 11 pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid 12 lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock 13 log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log 14 dont compress = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.Z *.rpm *.deb *.bz2 15 ignore errors = true 16 read only = false 17 list = false 18 19 ## 注意为了避免困惑 hosts allow 和 hosts deny 请二选其一 20 hosts allow = 172.16.1.0/24,10.9.0.0/16,120.27.48.179 21 # hosts deny = 10.0.0.0/16 22 # 支持多个认证账号 23 auth users = {{ auth_user }} 24 secrets file = /etc/rsync.password 25 26 27 # 数据备份 注意 path 目录的权限信息 28 [back_data_module] 29 path = /backup/busi_data/ 30 31 # 数据库备份 注意 path 目录的权限信息 32 [back_db_module] 33 path = /backup/database/ 34 35 #rsync_config---------------end 36 37 [yun@ansi-manager rsyncd]$ cat templates/rsync.password.j2 # 文件2 38 {{ auth_user }}:{{ auth_pawd }}
1 [yun@ansi-manager rsync_client]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles/roles/rsync_client 3 [yun@ansi-manager rsync_client]$ tree # 目录结构 4 . 5 ├── tasks 6 │ └── main.yml 7 └── templates 8 └── rsync.password.j2 9 10 2 directories, 2 files 11 [yun@ansi-manager rsync_client]$ cat tasks/main.yml # tasks 信息 12 - name: "rsync passwrod file config" 13 template: 14 src: rsync.password.j2 15 dest: /etc/rsync.password 16 owner: root 17 group: root 18 mode: ‘400‘ 19 20 [yun@ansi-manager rsync_client]$ cat templates/rsync.password.j2 # 模板信息 21 {{ auth_pawd }}
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ pwd 2 /app/ansible_info/ansible_roles 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat group_vars/all 4 # NFS 服务端目录 5 nfs_dir: /data 6 # rsync daemon 使用 7 auth_user: rsync_backup 8 auth_pawd: rsync_backup_pwd
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ cat rsyncd_server.yml 2 --- 3 # rsyncd server 4 - hosts: manageservers 5 roles: 6 - rsyncd 7 8 - hosts: proxyservers 9 roles: 10 - rsync_client
1 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key --syntax-check rsyncd_server.yml # 语法检测 2 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key -C rsyncd_server.yml # 预执行，测试执行 3 [yun@ansi-manager ansible_roles]$ ansible-playbook -b -i ../hosts_key rsyncd_server.yml # 执行
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标签：star 信息 cached utils 简单的 yun cat rdp tor
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhanglianghhh/p/12853045.html
