标签:空间 for logs 越界 就会 sum other roc htm
Given two integers dividend
and divisor
, divide two integers without using multiplication, division and mod operator.
Return the quotient after dividing dividend
by divisor
.
The integer division should truncate toward zero, which means losing its fractional part. For example, truncate(8.345) = 8
and truncate(-2.7335) = -2
.
Example 1:
Input: dividend = 10, divisor = 3 Output: 3 Explanation: 10/3 = truncate(3.33333..) = 3.Example 2:
Input: dividend = 7, divisor = -3 Output: -2 Explanation: 7/-3 = truncate(-2.33333..) = -2.
Note:
两数相除。思路是给两个数字做除法,但是有一些限制条件。不能用乘法,除法和模(%);两个数字只能在int范围内,除数不会为0,并且操作环境只能接受int型(也就是说不能转换成long型做计算)。
我参考的是官方答案其中一个比较朴素的思路。首先注意到,整型的最大值其实是2^31 - 1,最小值是-2^31。如果是-2^31 / -1就会越界,这个case需要单独处理一下。同时为了避免运算过程中出现overflow,就暂且将所有运算先放到负数环境中计算。因为这样做既保证了不会overflow,最后得出正确的结果也就是增减一个负号的功夫。接着来看一下除数和被除数的正负情况,记录有几个数字被添加了负号,这个在最后要还回去。
当被除数和除数都被改成负数之后,除数此时会大于被除数。此时需要通过除数 + 除数的方式,尽快找到一个足够大的除数。举个例子,93706 / 157。既然题目规定了不能用乘法,除法和模,那么比较粗暴的办法是想到用减法,看看93706被减去多少个157就小于0了。但是这样做,遇到数字很大的case会超时。这里优化的办法是每次减去157如果还是没有碰到0,就减去157 + 157 = 314,之后会遍历到的数字如下
157 - 1 * 157
314 - 2 * 157
628 - 4 * 157
1256 - 8 * 157
2512 - 16 * 157
5024 - 32 * 157
10048 - 64 * 157 - 2^6 * 157
20096 - 128 * 157
40192 - 256 * 157
80384 - 512 * 157 - 2^9 * 157
160768 # Too big
当被除数被加到80384的时候就可以停下了,此时余数 = 93706 - 80384 = 13322。如果再加,就会超过93706。注意80384有一个特点,他是2的9次方个(512个)157的和。所以最后的商里面一定是512再加上一些别的数的和。此时再按照之前这个方式去计算到底13322除以157等于多少,得出2^6 * 157 = 10048,余数是13322 - 10048 = 3274。其中10048是以此循环,直到余数小于157为止。此时的商 = 512 + 64。再往下循环,直到余数小于157为止。
时间O(logn * logn) - 找最大除数的动作,找一次就需要O(logn),找到之后余数还要接着往下递归,所以是O(logn)的平方
空间O(1)
Java实现
1 class Solution { 2 private static int HALF_INT_MIN = -1073741824; 3 4 public int divide(int dividend, int divisor) { 5 6 // Special case: overflow. 7 if (dividend == Integer.MIN_VALUE && divisor == -1) { 8 return Integer.MAX_VALUE; 9 } 10 11 /* We need to convert both numbers to negatives. 12 * Also, we count the number of negatives signs. */ 13 int negatives = 2; 14 if (dividend > 0) { 15 negatives--; 16 dividend = -dividend; 17 } 18 if (divisor > 0) { 19 negatives--; 20 divisor = -divisor; 21 } 22 23 int quotient = 0; 24 /* Once the divisor is bigger than the current dividend, 25 * we can‘t fit any more copies of the divisor into it. */ 26 while (divisor >= dividend) { 27 /* We know it‘ll fit at least once as divivend >= divisor. 28 * Note: We use a negative powerOfTwo as it‘s possible we might have 29 * the case divide(INT_MIN, -1). */ 30 int powerOfTwo = -1; 31 int value = divisor; 32 /* Check if double the current value is too big. If not, continue doubling. 33 * If it is too big, stop doubling and continue with the next step */ 34 while (value >= HALF_INT_MIN && value + value >= dividend) { 35 value += value; 36 powerOfTwo += powerOfTwo; 37 } 38 // We have been able to subtract divisor another powerOfTwo times. 39 quotient += powerOfTwo; 40 // Remove value so far so that we can continue the process with remainder. 41 dividend -= value; 42 } 43 44 /* If there was originally one negative sign, then 45 * the quotient remains negative. Otherwise, switch 46 * it to positive. */ 47 if (negatives != 1) { 48 return -quotient; 49 } 50 return quotient; 51 } 52 }
[LeetCode] 29. Divide Two Integers
标签:空间 for logs 越界 就会 sum other roc htm
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cnoodle/p/13173549.html