标签:find java sas 情况 roc cal 测试 必须 composite
「欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满天」,无论生活还是计算机世界难免发生异常,上一篇文章RESTful API 返回统一JSON数据格式 说明了统一返回的处理,这是请求一切正常的情形;这篇文章将说明如何统一处理异常,以及其背后的实现原理,老套路,先实现,后说明原理,有了上一篇文章的铺底,相信,理解这篇文章就驾轻就熟了
实现
新建业务异常
新建 BusinessException.class 类表示业务异常,注意这是一个 Runtime 异常
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public final class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
private String errorCode;
private String errorMsg;
}
添加统一异常处理静态方法
在 CommonResult 类中添加静态方法 errorResult 用于接收异常码和异常消息:
public static <T> CommonResult<T> errorResult(String errorCode, String errorMsg){
CommonResult<T> commonResult = new CommonResult<>();
commonResult.errorCode = errorCode;
commonResult.errorMsg = errorMsg;
commonResult.status = -1;
return commonResult;
}
配置
同样要用到 @RestControllerAdvice 注解,将统一异常添加到配置中:
@RestControllerAdvice("com.example.unifiedreturn.api")
static class UnifiedExceptionHandler{
@ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
public CommonResult<Void> handleBusinessException(BusinessException be){
return CommonResult.errorResult(be.getErrorCode(), be.getErrorMsg());
}
}
三部搞定,到这里无论是 Controller 还是 Service 中,只要抛出 BusinessException, 我们都会返回给前端一个统一数据格式
测试
将 UserController 中的方法进行改造,直接抛出异常:
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public UserVo getUserById(@PathVariable Long id){
throw new BusinessException("1001", "根据ID查询用户异常");
}
浏览器中输入: http://localhost:8080/users/1
在 Service 中抛出异常:
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
/**
* 根据用户ID查询用户
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@Override
public UserVo getUserById(Long id) {
throw new BusinessException("1001", "根据ID查询用户异常");
}
}
运行是得到同样的结果,所以我们尽可能的抛出异常吧 (作为一个程序猿这种心理很可拍)
解剖实现过程
解剖这个过程是相当纠结的,为了更好的说(yin)明(wei)问(wo)题(lan),我要说重中之重了,真心希望看该文章的童鞋自己去案发现场发现线索
还是在 WebMvcConfigurationSupport 类中实例化了 HandlerExceptionResolver Bean
@Bean
public HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver() {
List<HandlerExceptionResolver> exceptionResolvers = new ArrayList<>();
configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(exceptionResolvers);
if (exceptionResolvers.isEmpty()) {
addDefaultHandlerExceptionResolvers(exceptionResolvers);
}
extendHandlerExceptionResolvers(exceptionResolvers);
HandlerExceptionResolverComposite composite = new HandlerExceptionResolverComposite();
composite.setOrder(0);
composite.setExceptionResolvers(exceptionResolvers);
return composite;
}
和上一篇文章一毛一样的套路,ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver 实现了 InitializingBean 接口,重写了 afterPropertiesSet 方法:
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
// Do this first, it may add ResponseBodyAdvice beans
initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache();
...
}
private void initExceptionHandlerAdviceCache() {
if (getApplicationContext() == null) {
return;
}
List<ControllerAdviceBean> adviceBeans = ControllerAdviceBean.findAnnotatedBeans(getApplicationContext());
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(adviceBeans);
for (ControllerAdviceBean adviceBean : adviceBeans) {
Class<?> beanType = adviceBean.getBeanType();
if (beanType == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unresolvable type for ControllerAdviceBean: " + adviceBean);
}
// 重点看这个构造方法
ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver resolver = new ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(beanType);
if (resolver.hasExceptionMappings()) {
this.exceptionHandlerAdviceCache.put(adviceBean, resolver);
}
if (ResponseBodyAdvice.class.isAssignableFrom(beanType)) {
this.responseBodyAdvice.add(adviceBean);
}
}
}
重点看上面我用注释标记的构造方法,代码很好懂,仔细看看吧,其实就是筛选出我们用 @ExceptionHandler 注解标记的方法并放到集合当中,用于后续全局异常捕获的匹配
/**
* A constructor that finds {@link ExceptionHandler} methods in the given type.
* @param handlerType the type to introspect
*/
public ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver(Class<?> handlerType) {
for (Method method : MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(handlerType, EXCEPTION_HANDLER_METHODS)) {
for (Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType : detectExceptionMappings(method)) {
addExceptionMapping(exceptionType, method);
}
}
}
/**
* Extract exception mappings from the {@code @ExceptionHandler} annotation first,
* and then as a fallback from the method signature itself.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private List<Class<? extends Throwable>> detectExceptionMappings(Method method) {
List<Class<? extends Throwable>> result = new ArrayList<>();
detectAnnotationExceptionMappings(method, result);
if (result.isEmpty()) {
for (Class<?> paramType : method.getParameterTypes()) {
if (Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
result.add((Class<? extends Throwable>) paramType);
}
}
}
if (result.isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No exception types mapped to " + method);
}
return result;
}
private void detectAnnotationExceptionMappings(Method method, List<Class<? extends Throwable>> result) {
ExceptionHandler ann = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(method, ExceptionHandler.class);
Assert.state(ann != null, "No ExceptionHandler annotation");
result.addAll(Arrays.asList(ann.value()));
}
到这里,我们用 @RestControllerAdvice 和 @ExceptionHandler 注解就会被 Spring 扫描到上下文,供我们使用
让我们回到你最熟悉的调用的入口 DispatcherServlet 类的 doDispatch 方法:
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
...
// 当请求发生异常,该方法会通过 catch 捕获异常
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
...
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we‘re processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
// 调用该方法分析捕获的异常
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
...
}
接下来,我们来看 processDispatchResult 方法,这里只要展示调用栈你就会眼前一亮了,又是为了返回统一格式数据:
总结
上一篇文章的返回统一数据格式是基础,当异常情况发生时,只不过需要将异常信息提取出来。本文主要为了说明问题,剖析原理,好多地方设计方式是不可取,比如我们最好将异常封装在一个 Enum 类,通过 enum 对象抛出异常等,如果你用到这些,去完善你的设计方案吧
回复 「demo」,打开链接,查看文件夹 「unifiedreturn」下内容,获取完整代码
附加说明
之前看到的一本书对异常的分类让我印象深刻,在此摘录一小段分享给大家:
结合出国旅行的例子说明异常分类:
JSON-Viewer
JSON-Viewer 是 Chrome 浏览器的插件,用于快速解析及格式化 json 内容,在 Chrome omnibox(多功能输入框)输入json-viewer + TAB ,将 json 内容拷贝进去,然后输入回车键,将看到结构清晰的 json 数据,同时可以自定义主题
另外,前端人员打开开发者工具,双击请求链接,会自动将 response 中的 json 数据解析出来,非常方便
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标签:find java sas 情况 roc cal 测试 必须 composite
原文地址:https://blog.51cto.com/14888355/2515717