标签:dia his mysql over director 颜色 eset tom get
把实现了Servlet接口的Java程序叫做,Servlet
Servlet接口Sun公司有两个默认的实现类:HttpServlet,GenericServlet
1.构建一个普通的Maven项目,删掉里面的src目录,在项目里面建立Moudel;
2.Maven环境优化
? 1.修改web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1"
metadata-complete="true">
</web-app>
? 2.将maven的结构搭建完整
3.编写一个Servlet程序
? 1.编写一个普通类
? 2.实现Servlet接口,直接继承HttpServlet;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
writer.println("Hello,Servlet");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
}
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//响应的类型:html
response.setContentType("text/html");
//设置编码格式
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//获取响应的输出流
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>");
out.println("</head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
4.编写Servlet的映射
? 为什么需要映射:我们写的是JAVA程序,但是要通过浏览器访问,而浏览器需要连接web服务器,使用我们需要在web服务中注册我们写的Servlet,还需给它一个浏览器能够访问的路径;
<!-- 注册Servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.cc.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!-- Servlet的请求路径 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
5.配置Tomcat
6.启动测试
Servlet是由Web服务器调用,web服务器在收到浏览器请求之后,会:
1.优先级问题
? 指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高,如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求;
web容器在启动的时候,它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表了当前的web应用;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//this.getInitParameter() 初始化参数
//this.getServletConfig() Servlet配置
//this.getServletContext() Servlet上下文
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String username = "提莫";
context.setAttribute("username",username);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
}
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html");
resp.getWriter().print("名字是:" + username);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.cc.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>getcontext</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.cc.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>getcontext</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
注意:要先访问hello把数据存进去,在访问getc来读取数据
执行结果:
public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
resp.getWriter().print(url);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
}
<context-param> <param-name>url</param-name> <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value> </context-param>
<servlet> <servlet-name>getInitParameter</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cc.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>getInitParameter</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/getip</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
执行结果:
public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { ServletContext context = this.getServletContext(); context.getRequestDispatcher("/getip").forward(req,resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(req, resp); }}
<servlet> <servlet-name>getDispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cc.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>getDispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/getdp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
执行结果:
Properties
发现:都被打包到了同一个路径下:classes,我们俗称这个路径为classpath;
maven由于它的约定大于配置,之后可能遇到我们写的配置文件,无法被导出或者生效的问题,解决方案:
<build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build>
思路:需要一个文件流;
username=cccpassword=casascsa
public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties"); InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/cc/servlet/aa.properties"); Properties prop = new Properties(); prop.load(is); String username = prop.getProperty("username"); String password = prop.getProperty("password"); resp.setContentType("text/html"); resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); resp.getWriter().print(username + ":" + password); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(req, resp); }}
<servlet> <servlet-name>getProperties</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cc.servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>getProperties</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/getpt</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
执行结果:
web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse;
负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);void setContentLength(int var1);void setContentLengthLong(long var1);void setContentType(String var1);void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);void setHeader(String var1, String var2);void addHeader(String var1, String var2);void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);void setStatus(int var1);
响应的状态码
int SC_CONTINUE = 100; int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101; int SC_OK = 200; int SC_CREATED = 201; int SC_ACCEPTED = 202; int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203; int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204; int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205; int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206; int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300; int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301; int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302; int SC_FOUND = 302; int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303; int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304; int SC_USE_PROXY = 305; int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307; int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400; int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401; int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402; int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403; int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404; int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405; int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406; int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407; int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408; int SC_CONFLICT = 409; int SC_GONE = 410; int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411; int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412; int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413; int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414; int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415; int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416; int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417; int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500; int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501; int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502; int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503; int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504; int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
1.向浏览器输出消息
2.下载文件
? 1.要获取下载文件的路径
? 2.下载的文件名是啥?
? 3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西 attachment;filename= 以附件的形式下载
? 4.获取下载文件的输入流
? 5.创建缓冲区
? 6.获取OutputStream对象
? 7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
? 8.关闭流
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //1.要获取下载文件的路径 String realPath = "E:\\JavaProjects\\javaweb-02-servlet\\resp\\src\\main\\resources\\多多.png"; //2.下载的文件名是啥? String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1); //3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西 attachment;filename= 以附件的形式下载 resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"utf-8")); //4.获取下载文件的输入流 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath); //5.创建缓冲区 int len = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; //6.获取OutputStream对象 ServletOutputStream sos = resp.getOutputStream(); //7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端 while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) > 0) { sos.write(buffer,0,len); } //8.关闭流 fis.close(); sos.close(); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(req, resp); }}
<servlet> <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cc.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <!-- Servlet的请求路径 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
执行结果:
验证怎么来的?
前端实现
后端实现,需要用到java的图片类
//如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次 resp.setHeader("refresh","3"); //在内存中创建一个图片 BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); //得到图片 getGraphics(笔) Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); //设置图片的背景颜色 g.setColor(Color.white); g.fillRect(0,0,80,20); //给图片写数据 g.setColor(Color.blue); g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20)); g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20); //告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开 resp.setContentType("image/jpg"); //网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存 resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1); resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache"); resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache"); //把图片写给浏览器 ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
生成随机数
Random创建随机类
StringBuffer
private String makeNum() { Random r = new Random(); String num = r.nextInt(9999999) + ""; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for ( int i = 0; i < 7 - num.length(); i++ ) { sb.append("0"); } num = sb.toString() + num; return num; }
执行效果:
一个web资源收到客户端请求后,它会通知客户端区访问另外一个web资源,这个过程叫重定向
void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //resp.setHeader("Location","/resp/img"); //resp.setStatus(302); //重定向 resp.sendRedirect("/resp/img");}
执行结果:
面试题:请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别?
相同点:
不同点
${pageContext.request.contextPath} 代表当前项目
JSP页面第一句一定要加下面的,不然会乱码
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
提交信息页面:
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br> <input type="submit"></form>
Servlet:
@Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //处理请求 String username = req.getParameter("username"); String password = req.getParameter("password"); System.out.println(username + ":" + password); resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); resp.setContentType("text/html"); //重定向 resp.sendRedirect("/resp/success.jsp"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); }
重定向的页面:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %><html><head> <title>Title</title></head><body> <h1>Success!</h1></body></html>
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过http协议访问服务器,HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息;
index:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %><html><head> <title>登录</title></head><body><h1>个人信息登录</h1><div> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br> 爱好: <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="代码">代码 <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="健身">健身 <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="打游戏">打游戏 <br> <input type="submit"> </form></div></body></html>
Servlet:
@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); String username = req.getParameter("username"); String password = req.getParameter("password"); String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys"); System.out.println("--------------"); System.out.println(username); System.out.println(password); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys)); System.out.println("--------------"); //请求转发 req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);}
success:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %><html><head> <title>登录成功页面</title></head><body><h1>恭喜你,登录成功!</h1></body></html>
登录界面:
登录成功界面:
IDEA输出界面:
request大多数都是get方法,只有唯一一个set方法(用来设置编码语言)
标签:dia his mysql over director 颜色 eset tom get
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/duoruic/p/14924803.html