debian用了几年，由于emacs的关系，一直将右ctrl和caps_lock键交换，使用的是xmodmap 方式，写了.Xmodmap脚本，在.xinitrc中加入：xmodmap ～/.Xmodmap，但最近这个方法无效 了，我只能在.bashrc中执行脚本，但是没开一次终端，脚本都会执行一次，所以再次打开 终端，键位就恢复了。

!
! Swap Caps_Rock and Control_R
!
remove Lock = Caps_Rock
remove Control = Control_R
keysym Control_R = Caps_Rock
keysym Caps_Rock = Control_R
add Lock = Caps_Rock
add Control = Control_R

我将脚本执行放在.xsession，.xsessionrc中都在无法开机时自动执行xmodmap， 最后只有求助于setxkbmap。setxkbmap选项位于这几个文件里： /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst，这俩文件一模 一样……，利用grep搜索过滤"ctrl:或:ctrl"。

$ grep -e "ctrl:\|:ctrl" /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst 

grp:ctrls_toggle     Both Ctrl keys together
grp:ctrl_shift_toggle Ctrl+Shift
grp:ctrl_alt_toggle  Alt+Ctrl
ctrl:nocaps          Caps Lock as Ctrl
ctrl:lctrl_meta      Left Ctrl as Meta
ctrl:swapcaps        Swap Ctrl and Caps Lock
ctrl:ac_ctrl         At left of ‘A‘
ctrl:aa_ctrl         At bottom left
ctrl:rctrl_ralt      Right Ctrl as Right Alt
ctrl:menu_rctrl      Menu as Right Ctrl
ctrl:ctrl_ralt       Right Alt as Right Ctrl
caps:ctrl_modifier   Make Caps Lock an additional Control but keep the Caps_Lock keysym
altwin:ctrl_win      Control is mapped to Win keys (and the usual Ctrl keys)
altwin:ctrl_alt_win  Control is mapped to Alt keys, Alt is mapped to Win keys
terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp Control + Alt + Backspace 

我选择了ctrl:nocaps，执行dconf-editor, 在org.gnome.desktop.inputsources下面， xkboptions选项，添加如下：[‘ctrl:nocaps]，OK.若需立即生效，终端键入 setxkbmap -print即可。