leetcode Binary Tree Preorder Traversal

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    void helper144(TreeNode *root, vector<int> &perm)
    {
        if (!root) return;
        perm.push_back(root -> val);
        helper144(root -> left, perm);
        helper144(root -> right, perm);
    }
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode *root) 
    {
        vector<int> perm;
        helper144(root, perm);
        return perm;
    }
};

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode *root) 
    {
        vector<int> perm;
        stack<TreeNode *> sta;
        TreeNode *p = root;
        
        while(!sta.empty() || p)
        {
            while(p)
            {
                perm.push_back(p->val);
                if (p -> right)
                    sta.push(p -> right);
                p = p -> left;
            }
            if (!sta.empty())
            {
                p = sta.top();
                sta.pop();
            }
        }
        return perm;
    }
};