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2014-12-16
2013-03-19 第一版
2014-12-16 第二版
归档，是指将日志整理完毕且有保存价值的文件，经系统整理交日志服务器保存的过程。
日志归档应该是企业规定的一项制度(“归档制度”)，系统建设之初就应该考虑到日志归档问题。如果你的企业没有这项工作或制度，在看完本文后建议你立即实施。
简单的可以采用单节点服务器加备份方案。
随着日志规模扩大，未来必须采用分布式文件系统，甚至涉及到远程异地容灾。
我的答案是日志归档自动化，人工检查或抽检。
将所有服务器的日志都汇总到一处，有几种方法
首先我来介绍一种简单的方案
我用D语言写了一个程序将 WEB 日志正则分解然后通过管道传递给数据库处理程序
将WEB服务器日志通过管道处理然后写入数据库
处理程序源码
$ vim match.d
import std.regex;
import std.stdio;
import std.string;
import std.array;
void main()
{
// nginx
//auto r = regex(`^(\S+) (\S+) (\S+) \[(.+)\] "([^"]+)" ([0-9]{3}) ([0-9]+) "([^"]+)" "([^"]+)" "([^"]+)"`);
// apache2
auto r = regex(`^(\S+) (\S+) (\S+) \[(.+)\] "([^"]+)" ([0-9]{3}) ([0-9]+) "([^"]+)" "([^"]+)"`);
foreach(line; stdin.byLine)
{
foreach(m; match(line, r)){
//writeln(m.hit);
auto c = m.captures;
c.popFront();
//writeln(c);
auto value = join(c, "\",\"");
auto sql = format("insert into log(remote_addr,unknow,remote_user,time_local,request,status,body_bytes_sent,http_referer,http_user_agent,http_x_forwarded_for) value(\"%s\");", value );
writeln(sql);
}
}
}
编译
$ dmd match.d $ strip match $ ls match match.d match.o
简单用法
$ cat access.log | ./match
高级用法
$ cat access.log | match | mysql -hlocalhost -ulog -p123456 logging
实时处理日志，首先创建一个管道，寻该日志文件写入管道中。
cat 管道名 | match | mysql -hlocalhost -ulog -p123456 logging
这样就可以实现实时日志插入。
上面程序稍加修改即可实现Hbase, Hypertable 本版
Apache 日志管道过滤 CustomLog "| /srv/match >> /tmp/access.log" combined
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
#DocumentRoot /var/www
DocumentRoot /www
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>
#<Directory /var/www/>
<Directory /www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
<Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride None
Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
LogLevel warn
#CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
CustomLog "| /srv/match >> /tmp/access.log" combined
Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
<Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
经过管道转换过的日志效果
$ tail /tmp/access.log
insert into log(remote_addr,unknow,remote_user,time_local,request,status,body_bytes_sent,http_referer,http_user_agent,http_x_forwarded_for) value("192.168.6.30","-","-","21/Mar/2013:16:11:00 +0800","GET / HTTP/1.1","304","208","-","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.22 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/25.0.1364.172 Safari/537.22");
insert into log(remote_addr,unknow,remote_user,time_local,request,status,body_bytes_sent,http_referer,http_user_agent,http_x_forwarded_for) value("192.168.6.30","-","-","21/Mar/2013:16:11:00 +0800","GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1","404","501","-","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.22 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/25.0.1364.172 Safari/537.22");
insert into log(remote_addr,unknow,remote_user,time_local,request,status,body_bytes_sent,http_referer,http_user_agent,http_x_forwarded_for) value("192.168.6.30","-","-","21/Mar/2013:16:11:00 +0800","GET / HTTP/1.1","304","208","-","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.22 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/25.0.1364.172 Safari/537.22");
通过定义LogFormat可以直接输出SQL形式的日志
Apache
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
Nginx
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
但对于系统管理员使用grep,awk,sed,sort,uniq分析时造成一定的麻烦。所以我建议仍然采用正则分解
产生有规则日志格式，Apache：
LogFormat "\"%h\",%{%Y%m%d%H%M%S}t,%>s,\"%b\",\"%{Content-Type}o\", \"%U\",\"%{Referer}i\",\"%{User-Agent}i\""
将access.log文件导入到mysql中
LOAD DATA INFILE ‘/local/access_log‘ INTO TABLE tbl_name FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,‘ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ‘"‘ ESCAPED BY ‘\\‘
# rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm # yum install mongodb
D语言日志处理程序
import std.regex;
//import std.range;
import std.stdio;
import std.string;
import std.array;
void main()
{
// nginx
auto r = regex(`^(\S+) (\S+) (\S+) \[(.+)\] "([^"]+)" ([0-9]{3}) ([0-9]+) "([^"]+)" "([^"]+)" "([^"]+)"`);
// apache2
//auto r = regex(`^(\S+) (\S+) (\S+) \[(.+)\] "([^"]+)" ([0-9]{3}) ([0-9]+) "([^"]+)" "([^"]+)"`);
foreach(line; stdin.byLine)
{
//writeln(line);
//auto m = match(line, r);
foreach(m; match(line, r)){
//writeln(m.hit);
auto c = m.captures;
c.popFront();
//writeln(c);
/*
SQL
auto value = join(c, "\",\"");
auto sql = format("insert into log(remote_addr,unknow,remote_user,time_local,request,status,body_bytes_sent,http_referer,http_user_agent,http_x_forwarded_for) value(\"%s\");", value );
writeln(sql);
*/
// MongoDB
string bson = format("db.logging.access.save({
‘remote_addr‘: ‘%s‘,
‘remote_user‘: ‘%s‘,
‘time_local‘: ‘%s‘,
‘request‘: ‘%s‘,
‘status‘: ‘%s‘,
‘body_bytes_sent‘:‘%s‘,
‘http_referer‘: ‘%s‘,
‘http_user_agent‘: ‘%s‘,
‘http_x_forwarded_for‘: ‘%s‘
})",
c[0],c[2],c[3],c[4],c[5],c[6],c[7],c[8],c[9]
);
writeln(bson);
}
}
}
编译日志处理程序
dmd mlog.d
用法
cat /var/log/nginx/access.log | mlog | mongo 192.169.0.5/logging -uxxx -pxxx
处理压错过的日志
# zcat /var/log/nginx/*.access.log-*.gz | /srv/mlog | mongo 192.168.6.1/logging -uneo -pchen
实时采集日志
tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log | mlog | mongo 192.169.0.5/logging -uxxx -pxxx
上面的方案虽然简单，但太依赖系统管理员，需要配置很多服务器，每种应用软件产生的日志都不同，所以很复杂。如果中途出现故障，将会丢失一部日志。
于是我又回到了起点，所有日志存放在自己的服务器上，定时将他们同步到日志服务器，这样解决了日志归档。远程收集日志，通过UDP协议推送汇总到日志中心，这样解决了日志实时监控、抓取等等对实时性要求较高的需求。
为此我用了两三天写了一个软件，下载地址：https://github.com/netkiller/logging
这种方案并不是最佳的，只是比较适合我的场景，而且我仅用了两三天就完成了软件的开发。后面我会进一步扩展，增加消息队列传送日志的功能。
$ git clone https://github.com/netkiller/logging.git $ cd logging $ python3 setup.py sdist $ python3 setup.py install
安装启动脚本
CentOS
# cp logging/init.d/ulog /etc/init.d
Ubuntu
$ sudo cp init.d/ulog /etc/init.d/
$ service ulog
Usage: /etc/init.d/ulog {start|stop|status|restart}
配置脚本，打开 /etc/init.d/ulog 文件
配置日志中心的IP地址
HOST=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
然后配置端口与采集那些日志
done << EOF 1213 /var/log/nginx/access.log 1214 /tmp/test.log 1215 /tmp/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d.%H:%M:%S").log EOF
格式为
Port | Logfile ------------------------------ 1213 /var/log/nginx/access.log 1214 /tmp/test.log 1215 /tmp/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d.%H:%M:%S").log
1213 目的端口号（日志中心端口）后面是你需要监控的日志，如果日志每日产生一个文件写法类似 /tmp/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d.%H:%M:%S").log
配置完成后启动推送程序
# service ulog start
查看状态
$ service ulog status 13865 pts/16 S 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/rlog -d -H 127.0.0.1 -p 1213 /var/log/nginx/access.log
停止推送
# service ulog stop
# cp logging/init.d/ucollection /etc/init.d
# /etc/init.d/ucollection
Usage: /etc/init.d/ucollection {start|stop|status|restart}
配置接收端口与保存文件，打开 /etc/init.d/ucollection 文件，看到下面段落
done << EOF 1213 /tmp/nginx/access.log 1214 /tmp/test/test.log 1215 /tmp/app/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d.%H:%M:%S").log 1216 /tmp/db/$(date +"%Y-%m-%d")/mysql.log 1217 /tmp/cache/$(date +"%Y")/$(date +"%m")/$(date +"%d")/cache.log EOF
格式如下，表示接收来自1213端口的数据，并保存到/tmp/nginx/access.log文件中。
Port | Logfile 1213 /tmp/nginx/access.log
如果需要分割日志配置如下
1217 /tmp/cache/$(date +"%Y")/$(date +"%m")/$(date +"%d")/cache.log
上面配置日志文件将会产生在下面的目录中
$ find /tmp/cache/ /tmp/cache/ /tmp/cache/2014 /tmp/cache/2014/12 /tmp/cache/2014/12/16 /tmp/cache/2014/12/16/cache.log
启动收集端
# service ulog start
停止程序
# service ulog stop
查看状态
$ init.d/ucollection status 12429 pts/16 S 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/collection -d -p 1213 -l /tmp/nginx/access.log 12432 pts/16 S 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/collection -d -p 1214 -l /tmp/test/test.log 12435 pts/16 S 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/collection -d -p 1215 -l /tmp/app/2014-12-16.09:55:15.log 12438 pts/16 S 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/collection -d -p 1216 -l /tmp/db/2014-12-16/mysql.log 12441 pts/16 S 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/collection -d -p 1217 -l /tmp/cache/2014/12/16/cache.log
监控来自1217宽口的数据
$ collection -p 1213 192.168.6.20 - - [16/Dec/2014:15:06:23 +0800] "GET /journal/log.html HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36" 192.168.6.20 - - [16/Dec/2014:15:06:23 +0800] "GET /journal/docbook.css HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "http://192.168.6.2/journal/log.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36" 192.168.6.20 - - [16/Dec/2014:15:06:23 +0800] "GET /journal/journal.css HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "http://192.168.6.2/journal/log.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36" 192.168.6.20 - - [16/Dec/2014:15:06:23 +0800] "GET /images/by-nc-sa.png HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "http://192.168.6.2/journal/log.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36" 192.168.6.20 - - [16/Dec/2014:15:06:23 +0800] "GET /js/q.js HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "http://192.168.6.2/journal/log.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36"
启动后实时将最新日志传送过来
标签：style http ar io color os 使用 sp for
原文地址：http://my.oschina.net/neochen/blog/356698
