标签:
工作队列:Working Queue
分配:多个客户端接收同一个Queue,如何做负载均衡(分配)。
Round-robin分配:多个接收端接收同一个Queue时,采用了Round-robin分配算法,即伦叫调度-依次分配给各个接收方。
消息确认:
默认开启了消息确认(接收方接收到消息后,立即向服务器发回确认)。消息接收方处理完消息后,向服务器发送消息确认,服务器在删除该消息。对于耗时的work/task可以先关闭自动消息确认,在work/task完成后,再手动发回确认。
channel.basicConsume("hello", false /*关闭自动消息确认*/, consumer);
/*work/task完成之后*/
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
持久化:
Server端的Queue持久化:
Tip:如果已经声明了同名非持久化的Queue,再次声明无效。
发送方和接收方都需要指定该参数。
boolean durable = true;
channel.queueDeclare("task_queue", durable, false, false, null);
Message持久化:
channel.basicPublish("", "task_queue", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN, message.getBytes());
负载均衡:
为了解决各个接收端工作量相差太大的问题(有的一直busy,有的空闲比较多),突破Round-robin。最多为当前接收方发送一条消息,如果接收方还未处理完这条消息(也即,还没有发回确认),就不要再给他分配消息了,应该把当前消息分配给其他空闲接收方。
int prefetchCount = 1;
channel.basicQos(prefetchCount);
路由(Routing):
固定关键词路由(direct):
使用类型为direct的exchange,发送具有RoutingKey标签的消息给订阅该关键词的Queue。
场景示例:消息发送方发送了类型为[error][info]的两种消息,写磁盘的消息接受者只接受error类型的消息,Console打印两者。
发送方:
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
cahannel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct" /*exchange类型为direct*/);
channel.basiPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "info" /*RouingKey为info*/, null, message.getBytes);
channel.close();
connection.close();
接收方:
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct" /*exchange类型为direct*/);
//创建匿名Queue
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//订阅某个关键词,绑定到匿名Queue中
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "error")
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "error");
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingCounsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
Consumer.Delivery delivery = new consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
String routingKey = delivery.getEnvelope();
关键词模式路由(topic):
这种模式可以看做对Routing的扩展。Routing只能使用固定关键词,而Topics模式可以订阅模糊关键词。 关键词必须是一组word,由点号分隔。例 如"xxx.yyy.zzz",限定255 bytes。
*表示一个word;
#表示0个或者多个word;
发送方:
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic" /*exchange类型*/);
channel.basiPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "xxx.yyy" /*RouingKey*/, null, message.getBytes);
channel.close();
connection.close();
接收方:
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic" /*exchange类型为topic*/);
//创建匿名Queue
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//订阅某个关键词,绑定到匿名Queue中
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.yyy")
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingCounsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
String routingKey = delivery.getEnvelope(); //可获取路由关键词
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/man-li/p/4193202.html