横表、纵表转换

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TableA](
    [Name] [nvarchar](10) NOT NULL,
    [Course] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [Grade] [int] NOT NULL
)
INSERT [dbo].[TableA] ([Name], [Course], [Grade]) VALUES (N‘张三‘, N‘语文‘, 75)
INSERT [dbo].[TableA] ([Name], [Course], [Grade]) VALUES (N‘张三‘, N‘数学‘, 80)
INSERT [dbo].[TableA] ([Name], [Course], [Grade]) VALUES (N‘张三‘, N‘英语‘, 90)
INSERT [dbo].[TableA] ([Name], [Course], [Grade]) VALUES (N‘李四‘, N‘语文‘, 95)
INSERT [dbo].[TableA] ([Name], [Course], [Grade]) VALUES (N‘李四‘, N‘数学‘, 55)

select 
    Name,
    SUM(case Course when ‘语文‘ then Grade else 0 end) as 语文,
    SUM(case Course when ‘数学‘ then Grade else 0 end) as 数学,
    SUM(case Course when ‘英语‘ then Grade else 0 end) as 英语
from TableA
group by Name

create table Table_B
(
    ID int identity(1,1) primary key,
    姓名 varchar(20),
    语文 int,
    数学 int,
    英语 int
)
insert into Table_B(姓名,语文,数学,英语) values(‘张三‘,60,70,80)
insert into Table_B(姓名,语文,数学,英语) values(‘李四‘,90,100,45)
insert into Table_B(姓名,语文,数学,英语) values(‘王五‘,15,26,37)

select 
    姓名,
    ‘语文‘ as 科目,
    语文 as 成绩
from Table_B union all
select 
    姓名,
    ‘数学‘ as 科目,
    数学 as 成绩
from Table_B union all
select 
    姓名,
    ‘英语‘ as 科目,
    英语 as 成绩
from Table_B 
order by 姓名,科目