标签:
LVM逻辑卷管理(Logical Volume Manager)
什么是LVM?LVM的产生及作用
随着数据的逐渐增加,当初设计的磁盘大小已经满足不了现在的需求了,当磁盘面临着满盘时,运维人员如何解决问题?是换一个更大的磁盘,把原先的数据copy到现在更大的磁盘里面,继续撑一段时间,还是寻找其它方法?LVM的出现很好的解决了这一问题。LVM是linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制,是建立在硬盘和分区之上的一个逻辑层,来提高磁盘分区管理的灵活性。
物理卷physical volume (PV)
物理卷是硬盘分区,也可以是整个硬盘或已创建的Software RAID 卷。
卷组volume group (VG)
卷组是LVM 中最高抽象层,是由一个或多个物理卷所组成的存储器池。
物理块physical extent (PE)
物理卷按大小相等的“块”为单位存储,块的大小与卷组中逻辑卷块的大小相同。
逻辑块logical extent (LE)
逻辑卷按“块”为单位存储,在一卷组中的所有逻辑卷的块大小是相同的。
逻辑卷logical volume (LV)
逻辑卷相当于非LVM 系统中的分区,它在卷组上建立,是一个标准的块设备,可以在其上建立文件系统。
从一块硬盘到能使用LV文件系统的步骤:
硬盘----分区----PV----VG----LV----格式化(LV为ext文件系统)----挂载
LVM的安装
查看lvm 是否安装
[root@mage 192.168.206.143 ~ ] # rpm -qa | grep lvm lvm2-libs-2.02.111-2.el6_6.1.x86_64 lvm2-2.02.111-2.el6_6.1.x86_64
我这里是安装了,如果未安装,则安装。
[root@mage 192.168.206.143 ~ ] # yum install lvm2
创建和管理LVM
1、PV的相关操作
# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to sectors (command ‘u‘). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2741, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2741, default 2741): +5G Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (655-2741, default 655): Using default value 655 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2741, default 2741): +5G Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part【8e Linux LVM】 df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext‘d (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-4): 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-4): 2 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 22.5 GB, 22548578304 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2741 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x090eed83 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 655 1308 5253255 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
标签:
原文地址:http://ssc4469.blog.51cto.com/6315913/1604174