标签:epoll函数
epoll 实际上是 poll 的一种改进,它可以处理大批量的句柄。而 poll 又是select 的一种改进。在select 中对所打开的文件描述符个数有一定的限制,该限制由 FD_SETSIZE 设置(一般为 1024 或 2048), 而且内核中的 select 的实现是采用轮询来处理描文件描述符集,因此效率低。当文件描述符集中的某个描述符处于可读、可写或异常状态时,select 采用内存拷贝方法通知用户空间。因此, 在select 模型中文件描述符个数受限且效率低的问题就很明显。为了解决select 对文件描述符个数的限制,采用了 poll 模型,但是 poll 依然不能解决 select 的效率问题。所以,最终epoll 模型重新对poll 模型进行改进 。
epoll 的优点如下所示:
调用函数 epoll_create 创建 epoll 文件描述符,该函数原型如下:
/* epoll 系统调用函数 */ #include <sys/epoll.h> /* * 函数功能:创建epoll文件描述符; * 返回值:若成功则返回新创建的文件描述符; * 函数原型: */ int epoll_create(int size); /* * 参数size是epoll的最大文件描述符个数; * 在新的系统内核中size已经不被使用; */
/* * 函数功能:操作某个epoll文件描述符; * 返回值:若成功则返回0,否则出错返回-1; * 函数原型: */ int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event); /* * 参数: * epfd:由epoll_create创建的epoll文件描述符; * fd:是关联的文件描述符; * op:是操作方式,有以下三种操作方式: * EPOLL_CTL_ADD 将fd注册到epfd中; * EPOLL_CTL_MOD 修改已在epfd中注册的fd事件; * EPOLL_CTL_DEL 将fd从epfd中删除; * * event:指向struct epoll_event 结构,表示需要监听fd的某种事件; */ /* struct epoll_event 结构体定义如下 */ typedef union epoll_data { void *ptr; int fd; uint32_t u32; uint64_t u64; } epoll_data_t; struct epoll_event { uint32_t events; /* Epoll events */ epoll_data_t data; /* User data variable */ }; /* * 其中events有如下的取值: * EPOLLIN 表示对应的文件描述符可读; * EPOLLOUT 表示对应的文件描述符可写; * EPOLLPRI 表示对应的文件描述符有紧急数据可读; * EPOLLERR 表示对应的文件描述符发生错误; * EPOLLHUP 表示对应的文件描述符被挂载; * EPOLLET 表示将EPOLL设置为边缘触发模式(Edge Triggered); * EPOLLONESHOT 表示只监听一次事件,当监听此次事件完成,若想继续监听,则需再次把该套接字描述符加入到EPOLL队列中; */
struct epoll_event ev; /* 设置与要处理的事件相关的文件描述符 */ ev.data.fd=listenfd; /* 设置要处理的事件类型 */ ev.events=EPOLLIN|EPOLLET; /* 注册epoll事件 */ epoll_ctl(epfd,EPOLL_CTL_ADD,listenfd,&ev);
/* * 函数功能:收集在epoll监听事件中已发生的事件; * 返回值:若成功则返回所发生的事件数,否则出错返回-1; * 函数原型: */ int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events, int maxevents, int timeout); /* * 参数: * epfd:由epoll_create创建的epoll文件描述符; * events:指向epoll_event结构体,用于保存已发生的事件; * maxevents:每次能处理的最大事件数; * timeout:等待IO 事件发生的超时时间:-1相当于阻塞,即不会立即返回;0相当于非阻塞,即立即返回; */
epoll 有两种工作模式:
具体实例可参考文章:How to use epoll? A complete example in C
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/epoll.h> #include <errno.h> #define MAXEVENTS 64 static int make_socket_non_blocking (int sfd) { int flags, s; flags = fcntl (sfd, F_GETFL, 0); if (flags == -1) { perror ("fcntl"); return -1; } flags |= O_NONBLOCK; s = fcntl (sfd, F_SETFL, flags); if (s == -1) { perror ("fcntl"); return -1; } return 0; } static int create_and_bind (char *port) { struct addrinfo hints; struct addrinfo *result, *rp; int s, sfd; memset (&hints, 0, sizeof (struct addrinfo)); hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; /* Return IPv4 and IPv6 choices */ hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; /* We want a TCP socket */ hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; /* All interfaces */ s = getaddrinfo (NULL, port, &hints, &result); if (s != 0) { fprintf (stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror (s)); return -1; } for (rp = result; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next) { sfd = socket (rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol); if (sfd == -1) continue; s = bind (sfd, rp->ai_addr, rp->ai_addrlen); if (s == 0) { /* We managed to bind successfully! */ break; } close (sfd); } if (rp == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "Could not bind\n"); return -1; } freeaddrinfo (result); return sfd; } int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { int sfd, s; int efd; struct epoll_event event; struct epoll_event *events; if (argc != 2) { fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s [port]\n", argv[0]); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } sfd = create_and_bind (argv[1]); if (sfd == -1) abort (); s = make_socket_non_blocking (sfd); if (s == -1) abort (); s = listen (sfd, SOMAXCONN); if (s == -1) { perror ("listen"); abort (); } efd = epoll_create1 (0); if (efd == -1) { perror ("epoll_create"); abort (); } event.data.fd = sfd; event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET; s = epoll_ctl (efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd, &event); if (s == -1) { perror ("epoll_ctl"); abort (); } /* Buffer where events are returned */ events = calloc (MAXEVENTS, sizeof event); /* The event loop */ while (1) { int n, i; n = epoll_wait (efd, events, MAXEVENTS, -1); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { if ((events[i].events & EPOLLERR) || (events[i].events & EPOLLHUP) || (!(events[i].events & EPOLLIN))) { /* An error has occured on this fd, or the socket is not ready for reading (why were we notified then?) */ fprintf (stderr, "epoll error\n"); close (events[i].data.fd); continue; } else if (sfd == events[i].data.fd) { /* We have a notification on the listening socket, which means one or more incoming connections. */ while (1) { struct sockaddr in_addr; socklen_t in_len; int infd; char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], sbuf[NI_MAXSERV]; in_len = sizeof in_addr; infd = accept (sfd, &in_addr, &in_len); if (infd == -1) { if ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EWOULDBLOCK)) { /* We have processed all incoming connections. */ break; } else { perror ("accept"); break; } } s = getnameinfo (&in_addr, in_len, hbuf, sizeof hbuf, sbuf, sizeof sbuf, NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV); if (s == 0) { printf("Accepted connection on descriptor %d " "(host=%s, port=%s)\n", infd, hbuf, sbuf); } /* Make the incoming socket non-blocking and add it to the list of fds to monitor. */ s = make_socket_non_blocking (infd); if (s == -1) abort (); event.data.fd = infd; event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET; s = epoll_ctl (efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, infd, &event); if (s == -1) { perror ("epoll_ctl"); abort (); } } continue; } else { /* We have data on the fd waiting to be read. Read and display it. We must read whatever data is available completely, as we are running in edge-triggered mode and won't get a notification again for the same data. */ int done = 0; while (1) { ssize_t count; char buf[512]; count = read (events[i].data.fd, buf, sizeof buf); if (count == -1) { /* If errno == EAGAIN, that means we have read all data. So go back to the main loop. */ if (errno != EAGAIN) { perror ("read"); done = 1; } break; } else if (count == 0) { /* End of file. The remote has closed the connection. */ done = 1; break; } /* Write the buffer to standard output */ s = write (1, buf, count); if (s == -1) { perror ("write"); abort (); } } if (done) { printf ("Closed connection on descriptor %d\n", events[i].data.fd); /* Closing the descriptor will make epoll remove it from the set of descriptors which are monitored. */ close (events[i].data.fd); } } } } free (events); close (sfd); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
参考资料:
《epoll详解》
标签:epoll函数
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/chenhanzhun/article/details/42747127