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一、使用Django自带的后端管理平台
１、后台创建管理员
python manage.py createsuperuser
Email address: admin@example.com
Password: ********** Password (again): ********* Superuser created successfully.
２、打开后台页面
输入刚才的用户名及密码登陆：
此时还看不到我们刚才创建的数据表
那我们打开polls/admin.py文件，把我们所创建的数据表配置进去后台，可以通过修改models.py / admin.py代码来设置多种显示格式，其中一种如下：
from django.contrib import admin
from polls.models import Choice, Question
class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
model = Choice
extra = 3
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = [
(None, {‘fields‘: [‘question_text‘]}),
(‘Date information‘, {‘fields‘: [‘pub_date‘], ‘classes‘: [‘collapse‘]}),
]
inlines = [ChoiceInline]
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
二、自定义模板
先在polls文件夹下方创建一个名叫templates的目录，再修改如下配置文件，把目录添加到系统路径
TEMPLATE_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘templates‘)]
各种template如下：
templates/polls/index.html
{% load staticfiles %}
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static ‘polls/style.css‘ %}" />
{% if latest_question_list %}
<ul>
{% for question in latest_question_list %}
<li><a href="{% url ‘polls:detail‘ question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %}
<p>No polls are available.</p>
{% endif %}
templates/polls/detail.html
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
{% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}
<form action="{% url ‘polls:vote‘ question.id %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}" />
<label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label>
<br />
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" value="Vote" />
</form>
templates/polls/results.html
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<li>{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<a href="{% url ‘polls:detail‘ question.id %}">Vote again?</a>
三、创建视图
polls/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect,HttpResponse
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.views import generic
from django.utils import timezone
from polls.models import Choice, Question
# Create your views here.
class IndexView(generic.ListView):
template_name=‘polls/index.html‘
context_object_name=‘latest_question_list‘
def get_queryset(self):
"""Return the last five published question"""
return Question.objects.filter(
pub_date__lte=timezone.now()
).order_by(‘-pub_date‘)[:5]
class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
model = Question
template_name = ‘polls/detail.html‘
def get_queryset(self):
return Question.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now())
class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
model=Question
template_name = ‘polls/results.html‘
def vote(request, question_id):
p=get_object_or_404(Question,pk=question_id)
try:
selected_choice=p.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST[‘choice‘])
except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
return render(request,‘polls/detail.html‘,{
‘question‘:p,
‘error_message‘:"You didn‘t select a choice",
})
else:
selected_choice.votes += 1
selected_choice.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse(‘polls:results‘,args=(p.id,)))
mysite/urls.py 总的url配置
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = patterns(‘‘, url(r‘^polls/‘, include(‘polls.urls‘,namespace="polls")), url(r‘^admin/‘, include(admin.site.urls)), )
polls/urls.py 子url配置
from django.conf.urls import patterns,url from polls import views urlpatterns=patterns(‘‘, url(r‘^$‘,views.IndexView.as_view(),name=‘index‘), url(r‘^(?P<pk>\d+)/$‘,views.DetailView.as_view(),name=‘detail‘), url(r‘^(?P<pk>\d+)/results/$‘,views.ResultsView.as_view(),name=‘results‘), url(r‘^(?P<question_id>\d+)/vote/$‘,views.vote,name=‘vote‘), )
四、最终Models如下：
polls/models.py
import datetime from django.db import models from django.utils import timezone # Create your models here. class Question(models.Model): question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField(‘date published‘) def __str__(self): return self.question_text def was_published_recently(self): now = timezone.now() return now >= self.pub_date >= now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) was_published_recently.admin_order_field=‘pub_date‘ was_published_recently.bollean = True was_published_recently.short_description=‘Published recently?‘ class Choice(models.Model): question = models.ForeignKey(Question) choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField(default=0) def __str__(self): return self.choice_text
五、自定义样式/静态文件位置配置，在polls文件夹下面创建static文件夹
静态文件如：polls/static/polls/style.css
mysite/settings.py 文件中应有下面的默认配置，如果没有，手动添加
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/static-files/ STATIC_URL = ‘/static/‘ #STATIC_URL = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘static‘)]
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/fastmover/p/4254631.html
