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from flask import Flask
from celery import Celery
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config[‘CELERY_BROKER_URL‘] = ‘redis://localhost:6379/0‘
app.config[‘CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND‘] = ‘redis://localhost:6379/0‘
celery = Celery(app.name, broker=app.config[‘CELERY_BROKER_URL‘])
celery.conf.update(app.config)
celery.task 进行包装，如下。
@celery.task
def my_background_task(arg1, arg2):
# some long running task here
return result
task = my_background_task.delay(10, 20)
其中 delay() 方法是 apply_async() 的快捷调用。
此处用apply_async()同样奏效，如下。
task = my_background_task.apply_async(args=[10, 20])
task = my_background_task.apply_async(args=[10, 20], countdown=60)
<html>
<head>
<title>Flask + Celery Examples</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Flask + Celery Examples</h1>
<h2>Example 1: Send Asynchronous Email</h2>
{% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
<p style="color: red;">{{ message }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<form method="POST">
<p>Send test email to: <input type="text" name="email" value="{{ email }}"></p>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send in 1 minute">
</form>
</body></html>
# Flask-Mail configuration
app.config[‘MAIL_SERVER‘] = ‘smtp.googlemail.com‘
app.config[‘MAIL_PORT‘] = 587
app.config[‘MAIL_USE_TLS‘] = True
app.config[‘MAIL_USERNAME‘] = os.environ.get(‘MAIL_USERNAME‘)
app.config[‘MAIL_PASSWORD‘] = os.environ.get(‘MAIL_PASSWORD‘)
app.config[‘MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER‘] = ‘flask@example.com‘
异步发送代码如下。
@app.route(‘/‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST‘])def index():
if request.method == ‘GET‘:
return render_template(‘index.html‘, email=session.get(‘email‘, ‘‘))
email = request.form[‘email‘]
session[‘email‘] = email
# send the email
msg = Message(‘Hello from Flask‘,
recipients=[request.form[‘email‘]])
msg.body = ‘This is a test email sent from a background Celery task.‘
if request.form[‘submit‘] == ‘Send‘:
# send right away
send_async_email.delay(msg)
flash(‘Sending email to {0}‘.format(email))
else:
# send in one minute
send_async_email.apply_async(args=[msg], countdown=60)
flash(‘An email will be sent to {0} in one minute‘.format(email))
return redirect(url_for(‘index‘))
@celery.task
def send_async_email(msg):
"""Background task to send an email with Flask-Mail."""
with app.app_context():
mail.send(msg)
另一点很重要，从异步调用的返回值是不会保存的，所以应用本身无法知道是否异步调用是否成功。在这个例子之中需要看Celery的消费者的输出才能确定发送邮件过程是否有问题。
@celery.task(bind=True)
def long_task(self):
"""Background task that runs a long function with progress reports."""
verb = [‘Starting up‘, ‘Booting‘, ‘Repairing‘, ‘Loading‘, ‘Checking‘]
adjective = [‘master‘, ‘radiant‘, ‘silent‘, ‘harmonic‘, ‘fast‘]
noun = [‘solar array‘, ‘particle reshaper‘, ‘cosmic ray‘, ‘orbiter‘, ‘bit‘]
message = ‘‘
total = random.randint(10, 50)
for i in range(total):
if not message or random.random() < 0.25:
message = ‘{0} {1} {2}...‘.format(random.choice(verb),
random.choice(adjective),
random.choice(noun))
self.update_state(state=‘PROGRESS‘,
meta={‘current‘: i, ‘total‘: total,
‘status‘: message})
time.sleep(1)
return {‘current‘: 100, ‘total‘: 100, ‘status‘: ‘Task completed!‘,
‘result‘: 42}
代码中作者在Celery 装饰者中加入了 bind=True 参数，这使得Celery向函数中传入了self参数，因此在函数中能够记录状态更新。
@app.route(‘/longtask‘, methods=[‘POST‘])
def longtask():
task = long_task.apply_async()
return jsonify({}), 202, {‘Location‘: url_for(‘taskstatus‘,
task_id=task.id)}
用户需要向 /longtask 发送 POST 请求以触发后台任务执行。服务器启动任务并存储返回值。作者使用了状态码202,在REST API中有“请求正在处理中”的意思，而加入了Location头则是为了生产者能够获取任务执行时的状态信息。url_for用于生成路由到taskstatus函数的url，并且该url包含task id，task id的值是 task.id .
taskstatus 函数用于获取后台任务的更新状态。
@app.route(‘/status/<task_id>‘)
def taskstatus(task_id):
task = long_task.AsyncResult(task_id)
if task.state == ‘PENDING‘:
// job did not start yet
response = {
‘state‘: task.state,
‘current‘: 0,
‘total‘: 1,
‘status‘: ‘Pending...‘
}
elif task.state != ‘FAILURE‘:
response = {
‘state‘: task.state,
‘current‘: task.info.get(‘current‘, 0),
‘total‘: task.info.get(‘total‘, 1),
‘status‘: task.info.get(‘status‘, ‘‘)
}
if ‘result‘ in task.info:
response[‘result‘] = task.info[‘result‘]
else:
# something went wrong in the background job
response = {
‘state‘: task.state,
‘current‘: 1,
‘total‘: 1,
‘status‘: str(task.info), # this is the exception raised
}
return jsonify(response)
为了得到后台任务产生的数据，使用了task id作为参数创建了一个task 对象。
本函数产生了JSON响应，JSON响应中的内容与 update_state() 更新的一致。
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/nanobar/0.2.1/nanobar.min.js"></script>
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
function start_long_task() {
// add task status elements
div = $(‘<div class="progress"><div></div><div>0%</div><div>...</div><div> </div></div><hr>‘);
$(‘#progress‘).append(div);
// create a progress bar
var nanobar = new Nanobar({
bg: ‘#44f‘,
target: div[0].childNodes[0]
});
// send ajax POST request to start background job
$.ajax({
type: ‘POST‘,
url: ‘/longtask‘,
success: function(data, status, request) {
status_url = request.getResponseHeader(‘Location‘);
update_progress(status_url, nanobar, div[0]);
},
error: function() {
alert(‘Unexpected error‘);
}
});
}
其中被加入的HTML元素与任务的信息的对应关系如下。
<div class="progress">
<div></div> <-- Progress bar
<div>0%</div> <-- Percentage
<div>...</div> <-- Status message
<div> </div> <-- Result
</div><hr>
function update_progress(status_url, nanobar, status_div) {
// send GET request to status URL
$.getJSON(status_url, function(data) {
// update UI
percent = parseInt(data[‘current‘] * 100 / data[‘total‘]);
nanobar.go(percent);
$(status_div.childNodes[1]).text(percent + ‘%‘);
$(status_div.childNodes[2]).text(data[‘status‘]);
if (data[‘state‘] != ‘PENDING‘ && data[‘state‘] != ‘PROGRESS‘) {
if (‘result‘ in data) {
// show result
$(status_div.childNodes[3]).text(‘Result: ‘ + data[‘result‘]);
}
else {
// something unexpected happened
$(status_div.childNodes[3]).text(‘Result: ‘ + data[‘state‘]);
}
}
else {
// rerun in 2 seconds
setTimeout(function() {
update_progress(status_url, nanobar, status_div);
}, 2000);
}
});
}
当后台任务完成时，result会加载到页面之中。如果没有result的话，这就意味着任务的执行以失败告终，此时任务的状态是 FAILURE 。
1 $ git clone https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/flask-celery-example.git
2 $ cd flask-celery-example
3 $ virtualenv venv
4 $ source venv/bin/activate
5 (venv) $ pip install -r requirements.txt
未安装virtualenv的话直接跳过第三行第四行命令。
$ export MAIL_USERNAME=<your-mail-username>
$ export MAIL_PASSWORD=<your-mail-password>
$ source venv/bin/activate
(venv) $ celery worker -A app.celery --loglevel=info
Celery的 -A选项是应用中的celer对象，与文章最开头的代码对应。
$ source venv/bin/activate
(venv) $ python app.py
访问http://localhost:5000/ 即可。
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/ifkite/p/4257721.html
