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awk命令(1)

时间:2015-02-02 16:12:04      阅读:266      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:awk

一、awk的优点和缺点:

优点:1.awk用来取列,单独取列简单方便

      2.awk支持变量

      3.awk支持&&和||

      4.awk支持流程控制语句

      5.awk支持循环

      6.awk支持函数

缺点:awk功能强大,相对来说较复杂


二、awk的命令格式:

awk ‘条件1 {动作1} 条件2 {动作2}...‘ file.txt


三、awk的用法:

  1. 打印匹配root的行

[root@localhost ~]# awk ‘/root/‘ /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin


2.-F选项的作用

(a)以冒号分隔,打印第一列数据;不加-F选项,默认是空格,冒号可以自定义

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘{print $1,$3,$5,$7}‘  /etc/passwd

root 0 root /bin/bash

bin 1 bin /sbin/nologin

daemon 2 daemon /sbin/nologin

...


(b)-F自定义分隔符,分隔数据

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

                       57G  7.2G   47G  14% /

/dev/sda1              99M   12M   82M  13% /boot

tmpfs                 252M     0  252M   0% /dev/shm


[root@localhost ~]#  df -h |grep /$ |awk ‘{print $4}‘ |awk -F"%" ‘{print $1}‘ 

14

cut命令同样实现

[root@localhost ~]#  df -h |grep /$ |awk ‘{print $4}‘ |cut -d"%" -f 1 

14


(c)打印列的时候,逗号来分隔列

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘/root/{print $1 $3 $5 $7}‘ /etc/passwd

root0root/bin/bash

operator11operator/sbin/nologin


[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘/root/{print $1,$3,$5,$7}‘ /etc/passwd

root 0 root /bin/bash

operator 11 operator /sbin/nologin


(d)打印列的时候,#来分隔列

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘/root/ {print $1"###"$7"###"$3}‘ /etc/passwd

root###/bin/bash###0

operator###/sbin/nologin###1


3.BEGIN和END的用法

(a)BEGIN的用法

[root@localhost ~]# df -h |grep /$ |awk ‘{print $4}‘ |awk -F"%" ‘BEGIN{print "root_usage!"} {print $1}‘ 

root_usage!

14


(b)BEGIN和END一起用,\n用来换行

[root@localhost ~]# df -h |grep /$ |awk ‘{print $4}‘ |awk -F"%" ‘BEGIN{print "\nroot_usage!"  "\n==========="} {print $1}  END{print"==========="}‘ 


root_usage!

===========

14

===========


4.FS、OFS、NR、NF的用法 

(a)FS等同于-F,以冒号分隔列

[root@localhost ~]# awk  ‘BEGIN{FS=":"} /root/ {print $1,$3,$5,$7}‘ /etc/passwd

root 0 root /bin/bash

operator 11 operator /sbin/nologin


(b)OFS改变默认分隔符,用#号分隔列

[root@localhost ~]# awk  -F: ‘BEGIN{OFS="###"} /root/ {print $1,$3,$5,$7}‘ /etc/passwd

root###0###root###/bin/bash

operator###11###operator###/sbin/nologin


(c)分号的用法

[root@localhost ~]# awk ‘BEGIN {FS=":";OFS="#"} /root/ {print $1,$7}‘ /etc/passwd

root#/bin/bash

operator#/sbin/nologin


(c)NR用来打印行号,而且列可以自定义位置打印

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘/root/ {print NR,$1,$7,$5,$3}‘ /etc/passwd

1 root /bin/bash root 0

12 operator /sbin/nologin operator 11


[root@localhost ~]# awk ‘/root/ {print NR,$0}‘ /etc/passwd

1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

12 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin


(d)打印空行

[root@localhost ~]#awk ‘/^$/{print NR}‘ /etc/passwd



(e)这两个命令等效,但grep的效率更高

[root@localhost ~]# awk ‘/root/ {print NR,$0}‘ /etc/passwd

1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

12 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin


[root@localhost ~]# grep -n ‘root‘ /etc/passwd

1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

12:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin


(f)NF用来打印列数,NF打印出有7列,$NF打印出最后一列

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘/root/ {print NR,NF,$NF,$0}‘ /etc/passwd

1 7 /bin/bash root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

12 7 /sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin


5.awk中的比较

<

<=

>

>=

== 等于

!=不等于

~匹配

!~不匹配


打印大于等于37行的第一列

[root@localhost ~]#  awk -F: ‘NR>=37 {print NR,$1}‘ /etc/passwd

37 xfs

38 gdm

39 pegasus

40 oracle


[root@localhost shell]#cat awk.txt 

1    80 1  li

2  60   2  wang

3  70   3  zhang

4  10     4  zhao

[root@localhost shell]# awk ‘$2>=60 {print $4}‘ awk.txt

li

wang

zhang


打印第一列匹配root的字段

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘$1=="root" {print $1,$3,$5,$7}‘ /etc/passwd

root 0 root /bin/bash


打印全文匹配root的字段

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘$0~/root/ {print NR,$1,$7,$5,$3}‘ /etc/passwd

1 root /bin/bash root 0

12 operator /sbin/nologin operator 11


打印第六列匹配root的字段

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘$6 ~/root/{print $1,$5,$6}‘ /etc/passwd

root root /root

operator operator /root


6.if判断

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘{if($1=="root")print $0}‘ /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash


[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd |awk ‘{if($1 ~ "oracle") print NR,$0}‘

40 oracle:x:500:501::/home/oracle:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# awk -F: ‘{if($NF~/bash/)  print NR,$1,$NF}‘ /etc/passwd

1 root /bin/bash

31 postgres /bin/bash

35 mysql /bin/bash

40 oracle /bin/bash

本文出自 “卡卡西” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://whnba.blog.51cto.com/1215711/1610643

awk命令(1)

标签:awk

原文地址:http://whnba.blog.51cto.com/1215711/1610643

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