docker初次安装使用
=== 参考资料: Docker 和一个正常的虚拟机有何区别?http://developer.51cto.com/art/201312/421964.htm 全球首部Docker书籍:让你迈出使用Docker的第一步(1) http://cloud.51cto.com/art/201412/461998.htm docker镜像与容器存储结构分析 http://www.csdn123.com/html/topnews201408/94/7494.htm === [root@s82 download]# yum update 【】安装 [root@s82 download]# yum install docker-io [root@s82 download]# docker -v Docker version 1.3.2, build 39fa2fa/1.3.2 【】启动服务 [root@s82 download]# service docker start 【】查看状态 [root@s82 download]# docker info Containers: 0 Images: 0 Storage Driver: devicemapper Pool Name: docker-253:0-2228227-pool Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB Data file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data Metadata file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata Data Space Used: 305.7 MB Data Space Total: 107.4 GB Metadata Space Used: 733.2 kB Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB Library Version: 1.02.89-RHEL6 (2014-09-01) Execution Driver: native-0.2 Kernel Version: 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 Operating System: <unknown> 【】将某个用户加入到docker组,以便已非root用户来运行docker命令。 [root@s82 download]# usermod -a -G docker pengchao 【】查看images [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE 从国内的仓库docker.cn上pull一个 [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker pull docker.cn/docker/centos Pulling repository docker.cn/docker/centos 34943839435d: Download complete 511136ea3c5a: Download complete 5b12ef8fd570: Download complete Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.cn/docker/centos:latest 再次查看 [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE docker.cn/docker/centos centos7 34943839435d 5 weeks ago 224 MB docker.cn/docker/centos latest 34943839435d 5 weeks ago 224 MB [root@s82 download]# cd /var/lib/docker/ [root@s82 docker]# ls containers devicemapper execdriver graph init linkgraph.db repositories-devicemapper tmp trust volumes 【】查看docker使用的镜像层次存储的driver是devicemapper 查看内容: [root@s82 download]# cat /var/lib/docker/repositories-devicemapper |python -mjson.tool { "Repositories": { "docker.cn/docker/centos": { "centos7": "34943839435dfb2ee646b692eebb06af13823a680ace00c0adc232c437c4f90c", "latest": "34943839435dfb2ee646b692eebb06af13823a680ace00c0adc232c437c4f90c" } } } Device mapper driver 会创建一个100G的简单文件包含你的镜像和容器。每一个容器被限制在10G大小的卷内。 磁盘占用:100G不是实际占用,556M才是。 [root@s82 devicemapper]# cd devicemapper/devicemapper [root@s82 devicemapper]# ll -h total 556M -rw------- 1 root root 100G Jan 7 14:52 data -rw------- 1 root root 2.0G Jan 7 19:13 metadata 【】启动一个容器: 语法: docker run -it -d --name Container_Name REPOSITORY:TAG CMD -i:开启容器中STDIN -t:分配一个tty来提供一个交互式shell -d:后台模式 --name: 容器名 [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker run -it docker.cn/docker/centos /bin/bash [root@896725223c75 /]# ip a 13: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 14: eth0: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.4/16 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:4/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@896725223c75 /]# cat /etc/hosts 172.17.0.4 896725223c75 ff02::2 ip6-allrouters 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes 该选项指定容器名 [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker run --name test-docker-01 【】如何用TAG 可以这样: [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker run -it docker.cn/docker/centos /bin/bash 也可以这样: [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker run -it docker.cn/docker/centos:centos7 /bin/bash [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker run -it docker.cn/docker/centos:7 /bin/bash 不能这样: [pengchao@server200-21 ~]$ docker run -it docker.cn/docker/centos:centos /bin/bash Unable to find image ‘docker.cn/docker/centos:centos‘ locally Pulling repository docker.cn/docker/centos FATA[0000] Tag centos not found in repository docker.cn/docker/centos 【】查看docker进程 docker ps -l 该选项会列出最后一次运行的容器,包括正在运行和已经停止的。 docker ps -a 显示全部容器 docker ps -n 2 显示最近2个容器 [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 896725223c75 docker.cn/docker/centos:centos7 "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (127) 2 seconds ago condescending_morse 3eb4e1567db2 docker.cn/docker/centos:centos7 "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago jolly_archimedes 8a4f4b9e5984 docker.cn/docker/centos:centos7 "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 10 minutes ago test-docker-01 【】重新启动已经停止的容器 [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker start test-docker-01 test-docker-01 [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8a4f4b9e5984 docker.cn/docker/centos:centos7 "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Up 22 seconds test-docker-01 Docker容器重新启动的时候,会沿用docker run命令时指定的参数来运行,因此我们容器重新启动后会运行一个交互式会话shell。此外,我们也可以用docker attach命令,重新附着到该容器的会话上 [pengchao@s82 download]$ docker attach test-docker-01 [root@8a4f4b9e5984 /]# exit 【】守护式容器 除了这些交互式运行的容器(interactive container),我们也可以创建长期运行的容器。 守护式容器 (daemonized container) 没有交互式会话,非常适合运行应用程序和服务。大多数时候我们都需要以守护式来运行我们的容器。 [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker run --name test-docker02-daemon -d docker.cn/docker/centos /bin/bash -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done" 589a71825c044120a5729dca24154dd32c257bfa529d83966a931ea67e2d058f 【】使用logs来查看容器的日志 [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker logs test-docker02-daemon hello world hello world 类似tail -n [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker logs --tail 10 test-docker02-daemon 类似tail -f [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker logs -f test-docker02-daemon 查看容器内的进程,类似top [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker top test-docker02-daemon UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 28600 26577 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done root 28898 28600 0 19:44 ? 00:00:00 sleep 1 【】在容器内部运行进程 [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker exec -d test-docker02-daemon touch /etc/new_file 【】启动一个诸如打开shell的交互式任务 [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker exec -t -i test-docker02-daemon /bin/bash [root@589a71825c04 /]# ls /etc/new* /etc/new_file 【】停止守护式容器 docker stop命令会向Docker容器进程发送SIGTERM信号。 docker kill命令来向容器进程发送SIGKILL信号。如果你想快速停止某个容器。 [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker stop test-docker02-daemon test-docker02-daemon 【】自动重启容器 docker run --restart=always --name test-docker03 -d docker.cn/docker/centos bin/bash -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done" --restart标志被设置为always。无论容器的退出代码是什么,Docker都会自动重启该容器,除了always。 我们还可以将这个标志设为on-failure,这样,只有当容器的退出代码为非0值的时候,才会自动重启。另外,on-failure``还接受``一个可选的重启次数参数,例如: --restart=on-failure:5 【】使用inspect得到更多信息 [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker inspect test-docker02-daemon 【】删除容器 需要注意的是,运行中的Docker容器是无法删除的!你必须先通过docker stop或docker kill命令停止容器,才能将其删除。 [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker rm test-docker02-daemon test-docker02-daemon 删除所有容器 -a:列出所有容器 -q:只返回容器的ID [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker rm `docker ps -aq` 896725223c75 3eb4e1567db2 8a4f4b9e5984 [pengchao@s82 docker]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
原文地址:http://nosmoking.blog.51cto.com/3263888/1611825