本文讲述SharePoint 2013 Odata 常用实例和基本操作。

Open Data Protocol (OData)是一个基于Rest风格的数据服务，同过这个服务可以使用同一的URI定位到具体的资源(文件和记录等)，从而使得这些资源可以使用HTTP请求进行增删改查，它定义了一系列的规则，使得资源更容易被定位和操作。

首先看一下OData定义的URI结构：

那么相对SharePoint 2013,一个简单的实例为：

http://moss2013site/_api/web/lists/GetByTitle(‘News‘)/items?$select=Title,Body,ID&$top=10&$orderby=Created desc

这个URI表示查询News 列表里面最新的10条记录，查询的字段为Title,Body,ID

http://moss2013site/_api/web 是service root URI

/lists/GetByTitle(‘News‘)/items 是resource path

?$select=Title,Body,ID&$top=10&$orderby=Created desc 是Query option， $select=Title,Body,ID表示选择Title,Body,ID三个字段，$top=10表示选择前10条记录，$orderby=Created desc表示按创建时间倒序排列

service root URI 和 resource path相对简单和容易理解，这里我们用一张来自微软网站http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/apps/fp142385.aspx的图来说明下Query option(注意降序排列不时dsc,应该是desc,如果你使用dsc将会报错)，目前SharePoint 2013 的Odata service支持以下查询选项：

SharePoint 2013 的Odata service的常用URI实例：

带Query option的实例：

_api/web/lists/getByTitle(
  ‘Books‘)/items?$select=Title,PublishedBy/Name&$expand=PublishedBy

PublishedBy 的字段关联到Publisher 列表

返回Books列表的Title和关联

Publisher 列表项目的Name

_api/web/lists/getByTitle(‘Books‘)/items?$top=10&$skip=2

_api/web/lists/getByTitle(‘Books‘)/items?$skip=2&$top=10

_api/web/lists/getByTitle(‘Books‘)/items?$orderby=ID desc&$top=2

_api/web/lists/getByTitle(
  ‘Books‘)/items?$select=Title&$filter=Author eq ‘Mark Twain‘&$top=2

 ‘Mark Twain‘的头两条记录

_api/web/lists/getByTitle(‘Books‘)/items?$orderby=Title asc

_api/web/lists/getByTitle(‘Books‘)/items?$select=Author,Title,ISBN

Author,Title,ISBN）

使用JQuery + Odata实现增删改查

按Json格式查询：

function onGetCustomer(customerId) {
 
  // begin work to call across network
  var requestUri = _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl +
                "/_api/Web/Lists/getByTitle(‘Customers‘)/items(" + customerId + ")";
 
  // execute AJAX request
  $.ajax({
    url: requestUri,
    type: "GET",
    headers: { "ACCEPT": "application/json;odata=verbose" },
    success: function(data){
      alert(data.d.FirstName);
    },
    error:  function(){
      alert("Failed to get customer");
    }
  });
}

添加：

function onAddCustomer() {

    var requestUri = _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl +
              "/_api/Web/Lists/getByTitle(‘Customers‘)/items/";

    var requestHeaders = {
      "ACCEPT": "application/json;odata=verbose",
      "X-RequestDigest": $("#__REQUESTDIGEST").val(),
    }

    var customerData = {
      __metadata: { "type": "SP.Data.CustomersListItem" },
      FirstName: "Paul"
    };

    requestBody = JSON.stringify(customerData);

    $.ajax({
      url: requestUri,
      type: "Post",
      contentType: "application/json;odata=verbose",
      headers: requestHeaders,
      data: requestBody,
      success: function(){
        alert("Created customer");
      },
      error: function(){
        alert("Failed to create customer");
      }
    });
  }
}

删除：

function onDeleteCustomer(customerId) {

  var requestUri = _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl +
                "/_api/Web/Lists/getByTitle(‘Customers‘)/items(" + customerId + ")";

  var requestHeaders = {
    "ACCEPT": "application/json;odata=verbose",
    "X-RequestDigest": $("#__REQUESTDIGEST").val(),
    "If-Match": "*" // delete the item even if another user has updated it since we last fetched it
  }

  $.ajax({
    url: requestUri,
    type: "DELETE",
    contentType: "application/json;odata=verbose",
    headers: requestHeaders,
    success: function(){
      alert("Deleted customer");
    },
    error: function(){
      alert("Failed to delete customer");
    }
  });

}

修改：

function onUpdateCustomer(customerId, firstName) {
  // first we need to fetch the eTag to ensure we have the most recent value for it
  var requestUri = _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl +
                "/_api/Web/Lists/getByTitle(‘Customers‘)/items(" + customerId + ")";
 
  // execute AJAX request
  $.ajax({
    url: requestUri,
    type: "GET",
    headers: { "ACCEPT": "application/json;odata=verbose" },
    success: function(data){
      // got the eTag
      var etag = data.d.etag;
  
      var requestUri = _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl +
                "/_api/Web/Lists/getByTitle(‘Customers‘)/items(" + customerId + ")";
      
      // set the MERGE verb so we only need to provide the update delta
      var requestHeaders = {
        "ACCEPT": "application/json;odata=verbose",
        "X-RequestDigest": $("#__REQUESTDIGEST").val(),
        "X-HTTP-Method": "MERGE",
        "If-Match": etag
      }
  
      var customerData = {
        __metadata: { "type": "SP.Data.CustomersListItem" },
        FirstName: firstName
      };
  
      requestBody = JSON.stringify(customerData);
  
      $.ajax({
        url: requestUri,
        type: "POST",
        contentType: "application/json;odata=verbose",
        headers: requestHeaders,
        data: requestBody,
        success: function(data){
          alert("Updated customer");
        },
        error: function(data){
          alert("Failed to update customer");
        }
      });
    },
    error:  function(data){
      alert("Failed to get customer eTag");
    }
  });
}