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tiny4412 串口驱动分析二 --- printk的实现

时间:2015-03-07 22:32:23      阅读:390      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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作者:彭东林

邮箱:pengdonglin137@163.com

 

开发板:tiny4412ADK+S700 4GB Flash

主机:Wind7 64位

虚拟机:Vmware+Ubuntu12_04

u-boot:U-Boot 2010.12

Linux内核版本:linux-3.0.31

Android版本:android-4.1.2

 

源码:kernel/printk.c

asmlinkage int printk(const char *fmt, ...)
{
         va_list args;
         int r;
va_start(args, fmt); r
= vprintk(fmt, args); va_end(args); return r; }

 

asmlinkage int vprintk(const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
         int printed_len = 0;
         int current_log_level = default_message_loglevel;

/*
在include/linux/printk.h中:
#define default_message_loglevel (console_printk[1])
在kernel/printk.c中:
int console_printk[4] = {
         DEFAULT_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL,      // console_loglevel 
         DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL,      // default_message_loglevel
         MINIMUM_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL,    // minimum_console_loglevel
         DEFAULT_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL,     // default_console_loglevel
};

#define DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL CONFIG_DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL

在.config中:
#define CONFIG_DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LOGLEVEL 4
*/

         unsigned long flags;
         int this_cpu;
         char *p;
         size_t plen;
         char special;

/*
 由于没有定义宏CONFIG_BOOT_PRINTK_DELAY,所以boot_delay_msec是空函数
*/
         boot_delay_msec();
/*
printk_delay这个函数中判断变量printk_delay_msec的值,它的初始值是0
static inline void printk_delay(void)
{
         if (unlikely(printk_delay_msec)) {
                   int m = printk_delay_msec;

                   while (m--) {
                            mdelay(1);
                            touch_nmi_watchdog();
                   }
         }
}

那么在什么地方设置这个值呢?通过分析代码发现,是通过写文件/proc/sys/kernel/printk_delay实现的,可以执行如echo “44” > /proc/sys/kernel/printk_delay 来改变这个变量的值
在文件kernel/sysctl.c中:
static struct ctl_table kern_table[] = {
……
         {
                   .procname        = "printk_delay",
                   .data                  = &printk_delay_msec,
                   .maxlen             = sizeof(int),
                   .mode                = 0644,
                   .proc_handler  = proc_dointvec_minmax,
                   .extra1              = &zero,
                   .extra2              = &ten_thousand,
         },
……
}

当向文件/proc/sys/kernel/printk_delay中写入数据,函数proc_dointvec_minmax会调用,然后将这个数字赋值给printk_delay_msec

static struct ctl_table root_table[] = {
         {
                   .procname        = "kernel",
                   .mode                = 0555,
                   .child                  = kern_table,
         },
……
}

内核在启动时会同一处理root_table,然后再/proc下生成相应的文件,方便内核调试
*/
         printk_delay();
         preempt_disable(); // 关抢占

         /* This stops the holder of console_sem just where we want him */
         raw_local_irq_save(flags);
         this_cpu = smp_processor_id();  //读取当前cpu核的id号
         /*
          * Ouch, printk recursed into itself! 处理printk中再次调用printk的情况
          */
         if (unlikely(printk_cpu == this_cpu)) {
                  /*
                    * If a crash is occurring during printk() on this CPU,
                    * then try to get the crash message out but make sure
                    * we can‘t deadlock. Otherwise just return to avoid the
                    * recursion and return - but flag the recursion so that
                    * it can be printed at the next appropriate moment:
                    */

                   if (!oops_in_progress) {
                            recursion_bug = 1;
                            goto out_restore_irqs;
                   }
                  zap_locks();
         }

         lockdep_off();
         spin_lock(&logbuf_lock);
         printk_cpu = this_cpu;

         if (recursion_bug) {
                   recursion_bug = 0;
/*
static const char recursion_bug_msg [] =
                   KERN_CRIT "BUG: recent printk recursion!\n";
如果在printk中继续调用printk,上面这句就会不断出现,可以试试
*/
                   strcpy(printk_buf, recursion_bug_msg);  // 缓存入printk_buf,待下面处理
                   printed_len = strlen(recursion_bug_msg);
         }
         /* Emit the output into the temporary buffer
先将要打印的字符串缓存入printk_buf中
*/
         printed_len += vscnprintf(printk_buf + printed_len,
                                       sizeof(printk_buf) - printed_len, fmt, args);

/*
         如果配置和宏CONFIG_DEBUG_LL的话,
         这个以后分析,printascii是一个用汇编实现的函数,在文件arch/arm/kernel/debug.S中
他会直接将传入的printk_buf参数中的内容打印出来
*/
#ifdef        CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
        printascii(printk_buf);
#endif
         p = printk_buf;  // 将临时缓冲区的首地址赋给指针p

/*
Read log level and handle special printk prefix
这个函数会解析printk_buf的前三个字符,因为一般我们在驱动中使用printk的时候会加一个前缀如 printk(KERN_DEBUG “hello world\n”); 其中KERN_DEBUG宏展开后就是 “<7>”
这个函数的目的就是解析这里的 ”<7>”,会把解析出来的数字7赋值给current_log_level
如果是”<c>”或者”<d>”,这把字符c或者d赋值给special
上面两种情况下,返回值是3,也就是字符串”<x>”的长度,赋值返回0,同时也不给current_log_level和special赋值
*/

         plen = log_prefix(p, &current_log_level, &special);
         if (plen) {  // 如果是类似printk(“hello world”);则plen是0,这个if条件不成立
                   p += plen;  // 跳过printk_buf开头的 “<x>”
                   switch (special) {  // 一般不会是 ‘c’ 或者 ‘d’
                   case c: /* Strip <c> KERN_CONT, continue line */
                            plen = 0;
                            break;
                   case d: /* Strip <d> KERN_DEFAULT, start new line */
                            plen = 0;
                   default:
                            if (!new_text_line) {  // 这个变量初始值是1
                                     emit_log_char(\n);

/*
#define CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT 17   在make menuconfig的时候可以修改
#define __LOG_BUF_LEN         (1 << CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT)
static char __log_buf[__LOG_BUF_LEN] __nosavedata; // 定义了128KB的log缓冲区
static int log_buf_len = __LOG_BUF_LEN;  // 128K
static char *log_buf = __log_buf;
#define LOG_BUF_MASK (log_buf_len-1)
#define LOG_BUF(idx) (log_buf[(idx) & LOG_BUF_MASK])  // 获得log_buf中第idx个字符,这个技巧保证了log_buf中的内容可以以环形缓冲区的形式存放,不至于溢出
static void emit_log_char(char c) // 将c表示的字符存入log_buf中,并调整相关索引值
{
         LOG_BUF(log_end) = c; // 存入 log_buf[log_end&(128k-1)]
         log_end++;
         if (log_end - log_start > log_buf_len)
                   log_start = log_end - log_buf_len;
         if (log_end - con_start > log_buf_len)
                   con_start = log_end - log_buf_len;
         if (logged_chars < log_buf_len)
                   logged_chars++;
}
*/
                                     new_text_line = 1;
                            }
                   }
         }

         /*
          * Copy the output into log_buf. If the caller didn‘t provide
          * the appropriate log prefix, we insert them here
          */
         for (; *p; p++) {

                   if (new_text_line) {
/*
这个if语句是根据用户配置在每条内核log前面加上优先级、时间戳以及cpu_id
*/
                            new_text_line = 0;
            /*
                从下面这个if判断可以看出,如果使用的是类似printk(“Hello world\n”);,
                在处理时自动加入前缀,使用的等级是current_log_level的初始值,也就是4
             */
                            if (plen) {
                                     /* Copy original log prefix */
                                     int i;
                                     for (i = 0; i < plen; i++)
                                               emit_log_char(printk_buf[i]);
                                     printed_len += plen;
                            } else {
                                     /* Add log prefix */
                                     emit_log_char(<);
                                     emit_log_char(current_log_level + 0);
                                     emit_log_char(>);
                                     printed_len += 3;
                            }
if (printk_time) { //判断是否在每条log的前面加上时间戳 /* Add the current time stamp */ char tbuf[50], *tp; unsigned tlen; unsigned long long t; unsigned long nanosec_rem; t = cpu_clock(printk_cpu); nanosec_rem = do_div(t, 1000000000); tlen = sprintf(tbuf, "[%5lu.%06lu] ", (unsigned long) t, nanosec_rem / 1000); for (tp = tbuf; tp < tbuf + tlen; tp++) emit_log_char(*tp); printed_len += tlen; }
if (printk_cpu_id) { // 判断是否加入打印这条log的cpu_id /* Add the cpu id */ char tbuf[10], *tp; unsigned tlen; tlen = sprintf(tbuf, "c%u ", printk_cpu); for (tp = tbuf; tp < tbuf + tlen; tp++) emit_log_char(*tp); printed_len += tlen; }
if (printk_pid) { // 判断是否加入当前进程的pid /* Add the current process id */ char tbuf[10], *tp; unsigned tlen;
tlen
= sprintf(tbuf, "%6u ", current->pid); for (tp = tbuf; tp < tbuf + tlen; tp++) emit_log_char(*tp); printed_len += tlen; } if (!*p) break; } emit_log_char(*p); if (*p == \n) // 当是’\n’时,表示下一条log的开始,上面的if条件又成立了 new_text_line = 1; } /* * Try to acquire and then immediately release the * console semaphore. The release will do all the * actual magic (print out buffers, wake up klogd, * etc). * * The console_trylock_for_printk() function * will release ‘logbuf_lock‘ regardless of whether it * actually gets the semaphore or not. */ if (console_trylock_for_printk(this_cpu)) console_unlock(); lockdep_on(); out_restore_irqs: raw_local_irq_restore(flags); preempt_enable(); // 开抢占 return printed_len; // 返回出入的字符串的长度 }

 

 console_unlock()

void console_unlock(void)
{
         unsigned long flags;
         unsigned _con_start, _log_end;
         unsigned wake_klogd = 0;

         if (console_suspended) {
                   up(&console_sem);
                   return;
         }

         console_may_schedule = 0;
         for ( ; ; ) {
                   spin_lock_irqsave(&logbuf_lock, flags);
                   wake_klogd |= log_start - log_end;  // 控制判断是否唤醒syslogd的标志位
                   if (con_start == log_end)  // 没有要打印的东西
                            break;                         /* Nothing to print */
                   _con_start = con_start;     // 这几句是计算本次log_buf中打印输出索引的范围
                   _log_end = log_end;
                   con_start = log_end;                 /* Flush  就是下一次log_buf输出的起始点*/
                   spin_unlock(&logbuf_lock);
                   stop_critical_timings();    /* don‘t trace print latency */
                   call_console_drivers(_con_start, _log_end);  // 将log_buf中从_con_start到_log_end之间的内容输出
                   start_critical_timings();
                   local_irq_restore(flags);
         }
         console_locked = 0;
         /* Release the exclusive_console once it is used */
         if (unlikely(exclusive_console))
                   exclusive_console = NULL;
         up(&console_sem);
         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&logbuf_lock, flags);
         if (wake_klogd)
                   wake_up_klogd();   // 唤醒sys_logd进程
}

 

我们先看一下wake_up_klogd干了什么:

void wake_up_klogd(void)
{
         if (waitqueue_active(&log_wait))
                   this_cpu_write(printk_pending, 1);
}

然后,在printk_tick函数中会读取printk_pending,如果是1则唤醒log_wait等待队列:

void printk_tick(void)
{
         if (__this_cpu_read(printk_pending)) {
                   __this_cpu_write(printk_pending, 0);
                   wake_up_interruptible(&log_wait);
         }
}

那么谁会在这个log_wait等待队列上睡眠呢?系统调用sys_syslog

int do_syslog(int type, char __user *buf, int len, bool from_file)
{
         unsigned i, j, limit, count;
         int do_clear = 0;
         char c;
         int error;

         error = check_syslog_permissions(type, from_file);
         if (error)
                   goto out;

         error = security_syslog(type);
         if (error)
                   return error;

         switch (type) {
…
         case SYSLOG_ACTION_READ:          /* Read from log */
                   error = -EINVAL;
                   if (!buf || len < 0)
                            goto out;

                   error = 0;
                   if (!len)
                            goto out;

                   if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, buf, len)) {
                            error = -EFAULT;
                            goto out;
                   }

                   error = wait_event_interruptible(log_wait,
                                                                 (log_start - log_end));
                   if (error)
                            goto out;

                   i = 0;
                   spin_lock_irq(&logbuf_lock);
                   while (!error && (log_start != log_end) && i < len) {
                            c = LOG_BUF(log_start);
                            log_start++;
                            spin_unlock_irq(&logbuf_lock);
                            error = __put_user(c,buf);  // 读取log内容到用户空间
                            buf++;
                            i++;
                            cond_resched();
                            spin_lock_irq(&logbuf_lock);
                   }

                   spin_unlock_irq(&logbuf_lock);
                   if (!error)
                            error = i;
                   break;
         ……
         }
out:
         return error;
}
 
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(syslog, int, type, char __user *, buf, int, len)
{
         return do_syslog(type, buf, len, SYSLOG_FROM_CALL);
}

也就是,当执行 cat  /proc/kmsg 时会调用这个函数do_syslog

关于/proc/kmsg的生成,请分析fs/proc/kmsg.c,这个文件会在/proc/下生成kmsg文件,已经跟这个kmsg相关的操作函数。

关于dmesg的实现是通过调用glibc的函数klogctl获取log_buf的,最终也会调用内核中的do_syslog

那么printk_tick在什么时候调用呢?是在每次发生系统嘀嗒时调用

exynos4_mct_comp_isr              这个函数是tiny4412 注册的系统时钟中断处理函数

 ------ tick_handle_periodic         从这里开始,下面的都是内核通用的

                ------ tick_periodic

                          ------  update_process_times

                                     -------   printk_tick

 

那系统嘀嗒中断发生时为什么会调用exynos4_mct_comp_isr呢?

start_kernel         -----  init/main.c

   ------ tick_init   ------  kernel/time/tick-common.c

/*
void __init tick_init(void)
{
         clockevents_register_notifier(&tick_notifier);
}

static struct notifier_block tick_notifier = {
         .notifier_call = tick_notify,
};

static int tick_notify(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long reason,
                                   void *dev)
{
         switch (reason) {
         ......
         case CLOCK_EVT_NOTIFY_ADD:
                   return tick_check_new_device(dev);
         ......
         }
         return NOTIFY_OK;
}
*/

tick_check_new_device

     ----  tick_setup_device

              ---- tick_setup_periodic

                    ---- tick_set_periodic_handler

                          --- dev->event_handler = tick_handle_periodic

 

系统时钟初始化在kernel启动过程中:

start_kernel

   --- time_init   (arch/arm/kernel/time.c)

void __init time_init(void)
{
         system_timer = machine_desc->timer;
         system_timer->init();
}

在mach-tiny4412.c中

MACHINE_START(TINY4412, "TINY4412")
         /* Maintainer: FriendlyARM (www.arm9.net) */
         .boot_params = S5P_PA_SDRAM + 0x100,
         .init_irq    = exynos4_init_irq,
         .map_io             = smdk4x12_map_io,
         .init_machine  = smdk4x12_machine_init,
         .timer                = &exynos4_timer,
         .reserve   = &exynos4_reserve,
MACHINE_END

tiny4412的系统时钟初始化是在arch/arm/mach-exynos/mct.c:

struct sys_timer exynos4_timer = {
         .init           = exynos4_timer_init,
};

static void __init exynos4_timer_init(void)
{
        …
         exynos4_timer_resources();  // 获得时钟源的时钟频率 24MHz
         exynos4_clocksource_init();  // 注册时钟源
         exynos4_clockevent_init();   // 注册中断
}

static void exynos4_clockevent_init(void)
{
         clk_cnt_per_tick = clk_rate / HZ;
         …
         clockevents_register_device(&mct_comp_device);
         setup_irq(IRQ_MCT_G0, &mct_comp_event_irq);
}

先看一下函数clockevents_register_device的实现

void clockevents_register_device(struct clock_event_device *dev)
{
…
         clockevents_do_notify(CLOCK_EVT_NOTIFY_ADD, dev);
…
}

此时上面的tick_notify会获得执行,最终mct_comp_device的event_handler会被赋值为tick_handle_periodic。

setup_irq会注册向IRQ_MCT_G0中断线注册中断mct_comp_event_irq

#define IRQ_MCT_G0               IRQ_SPI(57)

57是Exynos4412的G0_IRQ的中断号,关于这部分可以阅读Exynos4412芯片手册的;

第9章  Interrupt Controller

第25章 Multi Core Timer (MCT)

此外:

static struct irqaction mct_comp_event_irq = {
         .name                = "mct_comp_irq",
         .flags                  = IRQF_TIMER | IRQF_IRQPOLL,
         .handler       = exynos4_mct_comp_isr, // 这个就是中断处理函数
         .dev_id              = &mct_comp_device,
};

在这个中断处理函数中的dev_id就是上面结构体中的mct_comp_device

static irqreturn_t exynos4_mct_comp_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
         struct clock_event_device *evt = dev_id;

         exynos4_mct_write(0x1, EXYNOS4_MCT_G_INT_CSTAT);
         evt->event_handler(evt);
         return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

好了,接着上面的console_unlock分析

call_console_drivers(_con_start, _log_end);

// 将log_buf中从_con_start到_log_end之间的内容输出

static void call_console_drivers(unsigned start, unsigned end)
{
         unsigned cur_index, start_print;
         static int msg_level = -1;

         BUG_ON(((int)(start - end)) > 0);

         cur_index = start;
         start_print = start;
         while (cur_index != end) {
                   if (msg_level < 0 && ((end - cur_index) > 2)) {
                            /* strip log prefix */
            /*
              上面已经分析过log_prefix的作用,请参考上面的分析,此外,对于不规范的printk(如: printk(“Hello world\n”);),上面也进行了处理,加上了默认的等级4
              这里的目的是:过滤掉字符串”<x>”,不输出到终端上
             */
                            cur_index += log_prefix(&LOG_BUF(cur_index), &msg_level, NULL);
                            start_print = cur_index;
                   }

                   while (cur_index != end) {
                            char c = LOG_BUF(cur_index);
             // 获得log_buf中索引号为((cur_index) & LOG_BUF_MASK)的元素
                           cur_index++;
                            if (c == \n) {  // 表示本条log结束
                                     if (msg_level < 0) {
                                               /*
                                                * printk() has already given us loglevel tags in
                                                * the buffer.  This code is here in case the
                                                * log buffer has wrapped right round and scribbled
                                                * on those tags
                                                */
                                               msg_level = default_message_loglevel;
                                     }

                // 获得本条log在log_buf中的索引范围,从start_print到cur_index
                                     _call_console_drivers(start_print, cur_index, msg_level);
                                     msg_level = -1;
                                     start_print = cur_index;
                                     break;
                            }
                   }
         }
         _call_console_drivers(start_print, end, msg_level);
}

 

static void _call_console_drivers(unsigned start,
                                     unsigned end, int msg_log_level)
{
// 这里的console_loglevel是个宏,也就是console_printk[0],为7
         if ((msg_log_level < console_loglevel || ignore_loglevel) &&
                            console_drivers && start != end) {
// 由于对log_buf当成一个环形缓冲区处理,所以这个需判断是否发生了wrapped
                   if ((start & LOG_BUF_MASK) > (end & LOG_BUF_MASK)) {
                            /* wrapped write */
                            __call_console_drivers(start & LOG_BUF_MASK,
                                                        log_buf_len);
                            __call_console_drivers(0, end & LOG_BUF_MASK);
                   } else {
                            __call_console_drivers(start, end);
                   }
         }
}

 

// 输出log_buf中索引号从start到end范围内容

static void __call_console_drivers(unsigned start, unsigned end)
{
         struct console *con;

         for_each_console(con) {
                   if (exclusive_console && con != exclusive_console)
                            continue;
                   if ((con->flags & CON_ENABLED) && con->write &&
                                     (cpu_online(smp_processor_id()) ||
                                     (con->flags & CON_ANYTIME)))
                            con->write(con, &LOG_BUF(start), end - start);
         }
}

这里就会调用最终驱动中的硬件接口,通过uart打印到终端上。

其中在include/linux/console.h中:

#define for_each_console(con)          for (con = console_drivers; con != NULL; con = con->next)

其中console_drivers是一个全局变量,会在register_console中设置,所以就要看是谁调用了register_console。

tiny4412 串口驱动分析二 --- printk的实现

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/4320965.html

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