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INSERT
insert into employee (id,name,gender,birthday,entry_date,job,salary,resume)
values (null, ‘张飞‘,1,‘1989-08-27‘,‘2007-08-27‘,‘打手‘,998.0,‘真的很能打‘);
insert into employee values (null, ‘关羽‘,1,‘1989-08-27‘,‘2007-08-27‘,‘打手‘,998.0,‘也是很能打‘); //默认所有列
insert into employee values (null, ‘刘备‘,0,‘1988-01-01‘,‘2005-03-12‘,‘ceo‘,10000000, ‘老大‘),
(null, ‘赵云‘,1,‘1988-01-01‘,‘2005-03-12‘,‘打手‘,1000, ‘比较能打‘);
show variables like ‘character%‘; 查看字符集
set names gbk; 通知服务器,当前client使用gbk的字符集,其他的client还是utf8
修改MySql5.0\my.ini
default-character-set=gbk 所有client使用gbk的字符集,修改后,重启服务生效
插入的数据应与字段的数据类型相同。
数据的大小应在列的规定范围内,例如:不能将一个长度为80的字符串加入到长度为40的列中。
在values中列出的数据位置必须与被加入的列的排列位置相对应。
字符和日期型数据应包含在单引号中。
插入空值:不指定或insert into table value(null)
如果要插入所有字段可以省写列列表,直接按表中字段顺序写值列表
UPDATE
UPDATE语法可以用新值更新原有表行中的各列。
SET子句指示要修改哪些列和要给予哪些值。
WHERE子句指定应更新哪些行。如没有WHERE子句,则更新所有的行
update employee set salary = 5000; //将对表中所有的记录进行修改
update employee set salary = 3000 where name = ‘张飞‘;
update employee set salary = 4000 ,job=‘高级打手‘ where name = ‘关羽‘;
update employee set salary = salary+1000 where name=‘刘备‘;
DELETE
delete from employee where name = ‘张飞‘;
delete from employee; //表还在,只是所有记录被清空了
truncate table employee; //表被删掉,再重新建了一张空表
SELECT
create table exam (
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20) not null,
chinese double,
math double,
english double
);
insert into exam values(null, ‘关羽‘, 85,76,70);
insert into exam values(null, ‘张飞‘, 55,36,50);
insert into exam values(null, ‘赵云‘, 81,56,73);
1.基本的查询
select * from exam;
select name,english from exam; //查询指定的列
select distinct english from exam; //查询结果去除重复的行
select name, math+10, english+10,chinese+10 from exam; //所有科目加10分,数据库数据没有变
select name, english+math+chinese from exam;//查询所有学生的总分
select name as 姓名, english+math+chinese as 总成绩 from exam;
//查询所有学生的总分,通过as起别名显示列,省略掉as也可以
select name english from exam; //把english作为name的别名
2.使用where语句过滤查询
比较运算符
> < <= >= = <> :大于、小于、大于(小于)等于、不等于
between ...and... : 显示在某一区间的值
in(set) : 显示在in列表中的值,例:in(100,200)
like ‘张pattern’ : 模糊查询%_
Is null : 判断是否为空
逻辑运算符
and or not
select * from exam where name=‘张飞‘;
select * from exam where english > 90; //分数大于90的
select name 姓名, math+english+chinese 总分 from exam where math+english+chinese > 200;
//查询总分大于200的同学
select * from exam where english between 80 and 100;
select * from exam where english in(75,76,70);
select * from exam where name like ‘张%‘; //查姓张的人
select * from exam where name like ‘张_‘; //查姓张的人,姓名只有2个字
select * from exam where math > 70 and chinese > 80;
3.使用order by 关键字对查询结果进行排序操作
asc:升序
desc:降序
select name,math from exam order by math; //默认升序
select name,math from exam order by math desc;
select name 姓名, chinese + math + english 总成绩
from exam order by 总成绩 desc; //总成绩降序排列
select name 姓名, chinese + math + english 总成绩 from exam
where name like ‘张%‘
order by 总成绩 desc ;
4.使用聚集函数
count: 用来统计符合条件的行的个数
select count(*) from exam //统计有多少个学生
select count(*) from exam where math > 90; //数学大于90的个数
select count(*) from exam where chinese + math + english > 200;//总分>200的个数
sum: 用来将符合条件的记录的指定列进行求和
select sum(math) from exam; //数学成绩和
select sum(math),sum(english),sum(chinese) from exam;
select sum(math+english+chinese) from exam;
只要某一行有NULL存在,那么整行都是NULL
select sum(ifnull(math, 0) + ifnull(english, 0) + ifnull(chinese, 0)) from exam;
select sum(chinese)/count(*) 语文平均分 from exam; //求语文平均分
avg: 用来计算符合条件记录的指定列的平均值
select avg(chinese) from exam; //语文平均分
select avg(ifnull(math, 0) + ifnull(english, 0) + ifnull(chinese, 0)) from exam;
//总分平均分
max/min: 返回满足where条件的一列的最大值/最小值
select max(ifnull(math, 0) + ifnull(english, 0) + ifnull(chinese, 0)) from exam;
select min(ifnull(math, 0) + ifnull(english, 0) + ifnull(chinese, 0)) from exam;
5.分组查询
create table orders(
id int,
product varchar(20),
price float
);
insert into orders(id, product, price) values(1,‘电视‘,900);
insert into orders(id, product, price) values(2,‘洗衣机‘,100);
insert into orders(id, product, price) values(3,‘洗衣粉‘,90);
insert into orders(id, product, price) values(4,‘桔子‘,9);
insert into orders(id, product, price) values(5,‘洗衣粉‘,90);
group by 分组显示
select * from orders group by product; //分组
select product, sum(price) from orders group by product; //sum是对摞在一起的记录聚合
having :对分组后的结果进行过滤显示
where 和 having 的区别:
where在分组之前过滤,having在分组之后过滤
having中可以使用聚合函数,where不能使用
很多请客下使用where子句的地方可以使用having
查询购买了几类商品,并且每类总价大于100的商品
select product 商品名称, sum(price) 总价 from orders
group by product
having sum(price) > 100;
查询单价小于100而总价大于150的商品名称
select product 商品名称, price 单价, sum(price) 总价 from orders
group by product
having price < 100 and sum(price) > 150;
sql语句的书写顺序:
select
from
where
group by
having
order by
sql语句的执行顺序
from
where
select
group by
having
order by
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/superPerfect/p/4356751.html