工作任务描述 A、B两公司都建有自己的独立局域网。而且相聚较远（超过100米），现在两公司进行了合并，需要通过铺设光纤来实现两公司局域网的网络通信和资源共享 问题1：静态路由和动态路由的区别？ 答：静态路由实在路由器中设置的固定路由 动态路由是指路由器能够自动地建立自己的路由表，并且能够根据实际情况的变化适时地进行调整。
问题2：简述路由的构成元素以及各个元素的作用？ 答“构成元素：路由类别、目的网络、子网掩码、转发接口、下一跳网关、管理距离、度量值等 路由类别表示该路由表的类别或者来源 目的网络：恤转发数据到达的目标网络（子网）地址 子网掩码：标定该路由表的类型或者来源 转发接口：到达目的网络的路由器的硬件接口 下一跳网关：到达目的网络方向和本路由器链接的对端路由器接口IP地址 管路距离：设定各条路由的优先级（0-255） 度量值：各种路由协议衡量到达目的网络的路径长度
问题3：普通路由和默认路由的区别？ 答：默认路由是一种特殊的静态路由，当 路由表中与包的目的地址之间没有匹配的表项时，路由器能够做出选择。如果没有默认路由，那么目的地址在路由表中没有匹配表项的包将被丢弃。 工作任务实施 1. 网络拓扑结构设计（粘贴PT的拓扑图，要有IP地址的规划信息）
2. 设备配置命令（各个路由器分别配置） Router0 Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int f0/0 Router(config-if)#ip ad 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no sh
Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#int f1/0 Router(config-if)#ip ad 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252 Router(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to down Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2 Router1 Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int f0/0 Router(config-if)#ip ad 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no sh
Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#int f1/0 Router(config-if)#ip ad 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252 Router(config-if)#no sh
Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1
3. 单段测试结果 PC>ping 192.168.1.1
Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255 Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255 Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255 Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
4. 综合测试结果
PC>ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
5. 查看各个路由器的路由 Route0 Router#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2 Router#
Route1 Router#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 Router# |
工作扩展 如果是三个路由器连接四个子网，该如何配置路由（见教材部分的任务扩展），请列出各个路由器配置的路由 1.使用精细路由配置 Route0 Router(config)#ip route 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.2 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2 CNC Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.5 Route1 Router(config)#ip route 172.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.6 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.6
2.使用缺省路由配置 Route0 Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.2 Route1 Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.6 CNC Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.5 Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1
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原文地址：http://zhufenglai.blog.51cto.com/9976129/1626026
