标签:ansilbe playbook yaml介绍 yaml的书写 password 文本文件
ansible的结构:
Inventory 用来定义被控制端
Modules 定义被控制端可用的操作
Ad Hoc Commands 定义被控制端可以执行命令的
Playbook 批量运行的方式
Tasks:
任务:由各模块所支持执行的特定操作;可以通过ansible-doc module_name来查看帮助文档,非常详细
-m user -a ‘name= password=’
Variables:
变量
Templates:
模板:(如执行httpd服务时,各节点上httpd的配置文件内容都不一样,如何让各节点的配置都不同。是通过定义好配置文件模板)
文本文件模板:使用模板语言来定义;
Handlers:
处理器:
事先定义好的可以在某些条件下被触发的操作;
Roles:
角色:
层次型组织playbook及其所依赖的各种资源的一种机制;
角色可被单独调用;
playbooks
Contain one or more plays
Written in YAML 文件时yaml格式的
Declarative config
not code
Executed in the order in is written (aka Imperative)
语法格式
- 表示列表中的一项,具有相同缩进格式的是同一个列表中的元素
- name: deploy web server
user: foouser
sudo: True
hosts: all
tasks:
-name: install apache
apt: pkg=apache2-mpm-prefork state=latest
一、YAML
1.1 YAML介绍
YAML是一个可读性高的用来表达资料序列的格式。YAML参考了其他多种语言,包括:XML、C语言、Python、Perl以及电子邮件格式RFC2822等。Clark Evans在2001年在首次发表了这种语言,另外Ingy dot Net与Oren Ben-Kiki也是这语言的共同设计者。
YAML Ain‘t Markup Language,即YAML不是XML。不过,在开发的这种语言时,YAML的意思其实是:"Yet Another Markup Language"(仍是一种标记语言)。其特性:
YAML的可读性好
YAML和脚本语言的交互性好
YAML使用实现语言的数据类型
YAML有一个一致的信息模型
YAML易于实现
YAML可以基于流来处理
YAML表达能力强,扩展性好
更多的内容及规范参见http://www.yaml.org。
1.2 YAML语法
YAML的语法和其他高阶语言类似,并且可以简单表达清单、散列表、标量等数据结构。其结构(Structure)通过空格来展示,序列(Sequence)里的项用"-"来代表中的某一个元素,Map里的键值对用":"分隔。下面是一个示例。
name: John Smith 键值对
age: 41
gender: Male
spouse:
name: Jane Smith
age: 37
gender: Female
children:
- name: Jimmy Smith
age: 17
gender: Male
- name: Jenny Smith
age 13
gender: Female
YAML文件扩展名通常为.yaml,如example.yaml。 .yml也行
1.2.1 list
列表的所有元素均使用“-”打头,例如:-和元素之间有一个空格
# A list of tasty fruits
- Apple
- Orange
- Strawberry
- Mango
1.2.2 dictionary
字典通过key与valuef进行标识,例如:
---
# An employee record
name: Example Developer
job: Developer
skill: Elite
也可以将key:value放置于{}中进行表示,例如:
---
# An employee record
{name: Example Developer, job: Developer, skill: Elite}
二、Ansible基础元素
2.1 变量
2.1.1 变量命名
变量名仅能由字母、数字和下划线组成,且只能以字母开头。
2.1.2 facts
facts是由正在通信的远程目标主机发回的信息,这些信息被保存在ansible变量中。要获取指定的远程主机所支持的所有facts,可使用如下命令进行:
# ansible hostname -m setup
setup Gathers facts about remote hosts 收集关于远程主机的信息
例如
# ansible 192.168.20.161 -m setup
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m setup
2.1.3 register
把任务的输出定义为变量,然后用于其他任务,示例如下:
tasks:
- shell: /usr/bin/foo
register: foo_result
ignore_errors: True
2.1.4 通过命令行传递变量
在运行playbook的时候也可以传递一些变量供playbook使用,示例如下:
ansible-playbook test.yml --extra-vars "hosts=www user=mageedu"
2.1.5 通过roles传递变量
当给一个主机应用角色的时候可以传递变量,然后在角色内使用这些变量,示例如下:
- hosts: webservers
roles:
- common
- { role: foo_app_instance, dir: ‘/web/htdocs/a.com‘, port: 8080 }
2.2 Inventory
ansible的主要功用在于批量主机操作,为了便捷地使用其中的部分主机,可以在inventory file中将其分组命名。默认的inventory file为/etc/ansible/hosts。
inventory file可以有多个,且也可以通过Dynamic Inventory来动态生成。
2.2.1 inventory文件格式
inventory文件遵循INI文件风格,中括号中的字符为组名。可以将同一个主机同时归并到多个不同的组中;此外,当如若目标主机使用了非默认的SSH端口,还可以在主机名称之后使用冒号加端口号来标明。
ntp.magedu.com
[webservers]
www1.magedu.com:2222
www2.magedu.com
[dbservers]
db1.magedu.com
db2.magedu.com
db3.magedu.com
如果主机名称遵循相似的命名模式,还可以使用列表的方式标识各主机,例如:
[webservers]
www[01:50].example.com
[databases]
db-[a:f].example.com
2.2.2 主机变量
可以在inventory中定义主机时为其添加主机变量以便于在playbook中使用。例如:
[webservers]
www1.magedu.com http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
www2.magedu.com http_port=8080 maxRequestsPerChild=909
2.2.3 组变量
组变量是指赋予给指定组内所有主机上的在playbook中可用的变量。例如:
[webservers]
www1.magedu.com
www2.magedu.com
[webservers:vars]
ntp_server=ntp.magedu.com
nfs_server=nfs.magedu.com
2.2.4 组嵌套
inventory中,组还可以包含其它的组,并且也可以向组中的主机指定变量。不过,这些变量只能在ansible-playbook中使用,而ansible不支持。例如:
[apache]
httpd1.magedu.com
httpd2.magedu.com
[nginx]
ngx1.magedu.com
ngx2.magedu.com
[webservers:children]
apache
nginx
[webservers:vars]
ntp_server=ntp.magedu.com
2.2.5 inventory参数
ansible基于ssh连接inventory中指定的远程主机时,还可以通过参数指定其交互方式;这些参数如下所示:
ansible_ssh_host
The name of the host to connect to, if different from the alias you wish to give to it.
ansible_ssh_port
The ssh port number, if not 22
ansible_ssh_user
The default ssh user name to use.
ansible_ssh_pass
The ssh password to use (this is insecure, we strongly recommend using --ask-pass or SSH keys)
ansible_sudo_pass
The sudo password to use (this is insecure, we strongly recommend using --ask-sudo-pass)
ansible_connection
Connection type of the host. Candidates are local, ssh or paramiko. The default is paramiko before Ansible 1.2, and ‘smart‘ afterwards which detects whether usage of ‘ssh‘ would be feasible based on whether ControlPersist is supported.
ansible_ssh_private_key_file
Private key file used by ssh. Useful if using multiple keys and you don‘t want to use SSH agent.
ansible_shell_type
The shell type of the target system. By default commands are formatted using ‘sh‘-style syntax by default. Setting this to ‘csh‘ or ‘fish‘ will cause commands executed on target systems to follow those shell‘s syntax instead.
ansible_python_interpreter
The target host python path. This is useful for systems with more than one Python or not located at "/usr/bin/python" such as \*BSD, or where /usr/bin/python is not a 2.X series Python. We do not use the "/usr/bin/env" mechanism as that requires the remote user‘s path to be set right and also assumes the "python" executable is named python, where the executable might be named something like "python26".
ansible\_\*\_interpreter
Works for anything such as ruby or perl and works just like ansible_python_interpreter. This replaces shebang of modules which will run on that host.
下面就用一个yaml文件来练练手
让节点安装httpd,且安装后要开机自动启动,如何写playbooks
#vim web.yaml
- name: web servers 剧本的名称,用于描述剧本自己的结构
remote_user: root 远程主机上以那个用户的身份运行
hosts: constrol 此剧本运用于哪些主机
tasks:此剧本有多个部分内容
- name: install httpd (- name(中间有一个空格))
yum:name=httpd state=present (用什么来安装)
- name: httpd service
service: name=httpd enabled=yes state=started (这些选项是在service模块下的内容)
运行playbooks
#ansible-playbook web.yaml
[root@node1 ~]# cat web.yaml 这个是yaml文件的内容
- name : web server
remote_user : root
hosts : constrol
tacks :
- name : install httpd
yum : name=httpd 这里可以不用写state,因为默认为preset就是安装
- name : start httpd
service : name=httpd enabled=yes state=started
[root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook web.yaml
ERROR: tacks is not a legal parameter of an Ansible Play 提示tacks参数出错,是没有tacks,应该是tasks,会自动检测语法
[root@node1 ~]# vim web.yaml
[root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook web.yaml 运行.yaml
PLAY [web server] *************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.234]
ok: [192.168.21.230]
TASK: [install httpd] *********************************************************
changed: [192.168.21.230]
changed: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [start httpd] ***********************************************************
changed: [192.168.21.234]
changed: [192.168.21.230]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.21.230 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.21.234 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
这里ok=3就是 安装ok 开机启动ok 启动ok
[root@node1 ~]# cat web.yaml 修改后的.yaml
- name : web server
remote_user : root
hosts : constrol
tasks :
- name : install httpd
yum : name=httpd
- name : start httpd
service : name=httpd enabled=yes state=started
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m command -a ‘rpm -q httpd‘ 安装ok
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.2.15-39.el6.centos.x86_64
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.2.15-39.el6.centos.x86_64
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m command -a ‘service httpd status‘ 运行ok
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd (pid 6871) is running...
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd (pid 24315) is running...
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m command -a ‘chkconfig --list httpd‘ 开机自启动ok
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
httpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
3.3 条件测试
如果需要根据变量、facts或此前任务的执行结果来作为某task执行与否的前提时要用到条件测试。
3.3.1 when语句
在task后添加when子句即可使用条件测试;when语句支持Jinja2表达式语法。例如:
tasks:
- name: "shutdown Debian flavored systems"
command: /sbin/shutdown -h now
when: ansible_os_family == "Debian" 条件
when语句中还可以使用Jinja2的大多“filter”,例如要忽略此前某语句的错误并基于其结果(failed或者sucess)运行后面指定的语句,可使用类似如下形式:
tasks:
- command: /bin/false
register: result 注册器
ignore_errors: True 忽略错误信息
- command: /bin/something
when: result|failed 第一条命令失败时(result 为failed时),才执行第二条命令
- command: /bin/something_else
when: result|success (result 为success时),才执行
- command: /bin/still/something_else
when: result|skipped skipped:已经执行过跳过执行
此外,when语句中还可以使用facts或playbook中定义的变量。
通过条件测试,如果httpd安装了,忽略错误,先把httpd停止后删除,这里特别需要注意yaml对格式要求表严格,一定要按规范写
[root@node1 ~]# cat web.yaml
- name: web server
remote_user: root
hosts: constrol
tasks:
- command: /bin/false
register: result
ignore_errors: True
- name: reinstall httpd
yum: name=httpd
when: result|failed
- name: stop httpd
service: name=httpd enabled=no state=stopped
- name: remove httpd
yum: name=httpd state=absent
[root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook web.yaml
PLAY [web server] *************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.230]
ok: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [command /bin/false] ****************************************************
failed: [192.168.21.230] => {"changed": true, "cmd": ["/bin/false"], "delta": "0:00:00.001693", "end": "2015-04-14 14:56:28.192788", "rc": 1, "start": "2015-04-14 14:56:28.191095", "warnings": []}
...ignoring
failed: [192.168.21.234] => {"changed": true, "cmd": ["/bin/false"], "delta": "0:00:00.013089", "end": "2015-04-14 14:56:28.354546", "rc": 1, "start": "2015-04-14 14:56:28.341457", "warnings": []}
...ignoring
TASK: [reinstall httpd] *******************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.230]
ok: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [stop httpd] ************************************************************
changed: [192.168.21.230]
changed: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [remove httpd] **********************************************************
changed: [192.168.21.234]
changed: [192.168.21.230]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.21.230 : ok=5 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.21.234 : ok=5 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m command -a ‘rpm -q httpd‘ 已经删除了
192.168.21.230 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
package httpd is not installed
192.168.21.234 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
package httpd is not installed
3.4 迭代
在迭代中只能使用item变量,变量引用为{{ }}两个大括号,变量两边有空格
当有需要重复性执行的任务时,可以使用迭代机制。其使用格式为将需要迭代的内容定义为item变量引用,并通过with_items语句来指明迭代的元素列表即可。例如:
- name: add several users
user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=wheel stae=present(用户得存在,加入wheel组中)
with_items:
- testuser1 分别使用testuser1替换name={{item}}中的item项
- testuser2
上面语句的功能等同于下面的语句:
- name: add user testuser1
user: name=testuser1 state=present groups=wheel
- name: add user testuser2
user: name=testuser2 state=present groups=wheel
事实上,with_items中可以使用元素还可为hashes,例如:
- name: add several users
user: name={{ item.name }} state=present groups={{ item.groups }}
with_items:
- { name: ‘testuser1‘, groups: ‘wheel‘ }
- { name: ‘testuser2‘, groups: ‘root‘ }
ansible的循环机制还有更多的高级功能,具体请参见官方文档(http://docs.ansible.com/playbooks_loops.html)。
如:使用迭代添加用户
[root@node1 ~]# cat adduser.yaml
- name: add users
remote_user: root
hosts: constrol
tasks:
- name: add server users
user: name={{ item }} state=present
with_items:
- testuser1
- testuser2
- testuser3
[root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook adduser.yaml
PLAY [add users] **************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.230]
ok: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [add server users] *****************************************************
changed: [192.168.21.230] => (item=testuser1)
changed: [192.168.21.234] => (item=testuser1)
changed: [192.168.21.230] => (item=testuser2)
changed: [192.168.21.230] => (item=testuser3)
changed: [192.168.21.234] => (item=testuser2)
changed: [192.168.21.234] => (item=testuser3)
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.21.230 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.21.234 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m command -a ‘tail -5 /etc/passwd‘ 查看发现用户创建成功了
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
openstack:x:500:500::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
testuser1:x:501:501::/home/testuser1:/bin/bash
testuser2:x:502:502::/home/testuser2:/bin/bash
testuser3:x:503:503::/home/testuser3:/bin/bash
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
openstack:x:500:500::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
testuser1:x:501:501::/home/testuser1:/bin/bash
testuser2:x:502:502::/home/testuser2:/bin/bash
testuser3:x:503:503::/home/testuser3:/bin/bash
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m shell -a ‘pidof httpd|wc -l‘ 用shell模块时,可以使用管道
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
1
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
1
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m command -a ‘pidof httpd|wc -l‘ 使用command模块时,不能使用管道
192.168.21.234 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
pidof: invalid options on command line!
192.168.21.230 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
pidof: invalid options on command line!
通过setup模块可以查看到很多,远程主机的信息,下面来看看
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m setup
。。。。
"ansible_default_ipv4": { eth1网卡的详细信息
"address": "192.168.21.230",
"alias": "eth1",
"gateway": "192.168.20.254",
"interface": "eth1",
"macaddress": "00:50:56:3a:5a:49",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.254.0",
"network": "192.168.20.0",
"type": "ether"
},
.......
"ansible_distribution": "CentOS", 系统相关的信息
"ansible_distribution_major_version": "6",
"ansible_distribution_release": "Final",
"ansible_distribution_version": "6.6",
........
"ansible_kernel": "2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64", 内核
"ansible_machine": "x86_64", 架构
"ansible_os_family": "RedHat", 操作系统家族
"ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum", 软件包管理
。。。。
安装一个软件包tree,要使用yum来安装,且只有远程主机包管理器是yum时,才使用yum来安装
[root@node1 ~]# cat tree.yaml 测试不是使用yum,用apt-get
- name: tree install
remote_user: root
hosts: constrol
tasks:
- name: yum install screen package
yum: name=screen
when: ansible_pkg_mgr == "apt-get"
[root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook tree.yaml
PLAY [tree install] ***********************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.234]
ok: [192.168.21.230]
TASK: [yum install screen package] ********************************************
skipping: [192.168.21.234]
skipping: [192.168.21.230]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.21.230 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.21.234 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m command -a ‘rpm -q screen‘ screen没有安装
192.168.21.234 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
package screen is not installed
192.168.21.230 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
package screen is not installed
[root@node1 ~]# cat tree.yaml 测试用yum
- name: tree install
remote_user: root
hosts: constrol
tasks:
- name: yum install tree package
yum: name=tree
when: ansible_pkg_mgr == "yum"
[root@node1 ~]# ansible-playbook tree.yaml
PLAY [tree install] ***********************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.230]
ok: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [yum install tree package] **********************************************
changed: [192.168.21.234]
changed: [192.168.21.230]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.21.230 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.21.234 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@node1 ~]# ansible constrol -m command -a ‘rpm -q tree‘ 发现安装成功了
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
tree-1.5.3-2.el6.x86_64
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
tree-1.5.3-2.el6.x86_64
四、ansible playbooks
playbook是由一个或多个“play”组成的列表。play的主要功能在于将事先归并为一组的主机装扮成事先通过ansible中的task定义好的角色。从根本上来讲,所谓task无非是调用ansible的一个module。将多个play组织在一个playbook中,即可以让它们联同起来按事先编排的机制同唱一台大戏。下面是一个简单示例。
- hosts: webnodes
vars: 自定义变量
http_port: 80
max_clients: 256
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: ensure apache is at the latest version
yum: name=httpd state=latest
remote_user: username(tasks下以指定用户运行)
- name: ensure apache is running
service: name=httpd state=started
handlers: 只有被调用时,才能执行
- name: restart apache
service: name=httpd state=restarted
4.1 playbook基础组件
4.1.1 Hosts和Users
playbook中的每一个play的目的都是为了让某个或某些主机以某个指定的用户身份执行任务。hosts用于指定要执行指定任务的主机,其可以是一个或多个由冒号分隔主机组;remote_user则用于指定远程主机上的执行任务的用户。如上面示例中的
-hosts: webnodes
remote_user: root
不过,remote_user也可用于各task中。也可以通过指定其通过sudo的方式在远程主机上执行任务,其可用于play全局或某任务;此外,甚至可以在sudo时使用sudo_user指定sudo时切换的用户。
- hosts: webnodes
remote_user: mageedu
tasks:
- name: test connection
ping:
remote_user: mageedu
sudo: yes
4.1.2 任务列表和action
play的主体部分是task list。task list中的各任务按次序逐个在hosts中指定的所有主机上执行,即在所有主机上完成第一个任务后再开始第二个。在运行自上而下某playbook时,如果中途发生错误,所有已执行任务都将回滚,因此,在更正playbook后重新执行一次即可。
task的目的是使用指定的参数执行模块,而在模块参数中可以使用变量。模块执行是幂等的,这意味着多次执行是安全的,因为其结果均一致。
每个task都应该有其name,用于playbook的执行结果输出,建议其内容尽可能清晰地描述任务执行步骤。如果未提供name,则action的结果将用于输出。
定义task的可以使用“action: module options”或“module: options”的格式,推荐使用后者以实现向后兼容。如果action一行的内容过多,也可在行首使用几个空白字符进行换行。
tasks:
- name: make sure apache is running
service: name=httpd state=running
在众多模块中,只有command和shell模块仅需要给定一个列表而无需使用“key=value”格式,例如:
tasks:
- name: disable selinux
command: /sbin/setenforce 0
如果命令或脚本的退出码不为零,可以使用如下方式替代:
tasks:
- name: run this command and ignore the result
shell: /usr/bin/somecommand || /bin/true
或者使用ignore_errors来忽略错误信息:
tasks:
- name: run this command and ignore the result
shell: /usr/bin/somecommand
ignore_errors: True 前一个命令执行失败了,就忽略掉
4.1.3 handlers
用于当关注的资源发生变化时采取一定的操作。
“notify”这个action可用于在每个play的最后被触发,这样可以避免多次有改变发生时每次都执行指定的操作,取而代之,仅在所有的变化发生完成后一次性地执行指定操作。在notify中列出的操作称为handler,也即notify中调用handler中定义的操作。
- name: template configuration file
template: src=template.j2 dest=/etc/foo.conf 使用template.j2这个模板配置文件,保存为foo.conf配置文件,当foo.conf配置文件改变时,通知notify触发某个handlers
notify:
- restart memcached
- restart apache
handler是task列表,这些task与前述的task并没有本质上的不同。handler需要和tasks对齐
handlers:
- name: restart memcached
service: name=memcached state=restarted
- name: restart apache
service: name=apache state=restarted
修改httpd.conf下监听的端口为8080,把此配置文件复制到远程节点上,
写一个playbook,把文件复制到远程节点上后再启动服务
[root@node1 conf]# cat httpd.yaml yaml内容如下
- hosts: constrol
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: Install httpd
yum: name=httpd
- name: copy configuration file
copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: restart httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd enabled=yes state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@node1 conf]# ansible-playbook httpd.yaml 执行
PLAY [constrol] ***************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.230]
ok: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [Install httpd] *********************************************************
changed: [192.168.21.230]
changed: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [copy configuration file] ***********************************************
ok: [192.168.21.234]
ok: [192.168.21.230]
TASK: [start httpd] ***********************************************************
changed: [192.168.21.234]
changed: [192.168.21.230]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.21.230 : ok=4 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.21.234 : ok=4 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@node1 conf]# ansible constrol -m shell -a ‘ss -tnlp|grep 80‘ 查看远程80端口是否启用了
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("httpd",9374,5),("httpd",9377,5),("httpd",9378,5),("httpd",9379,5),("httpd",9380,5),("httpd",9381,5),("httpd",9382,5),("httpd",9383,5),("httpd",9384,5))
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("httpd",26676,5),("httpd",26679,5),("httpd",26680,5),("httpd",26681,5),("httpd",26682,5),("httpd",26683,5),("httpd",26684,5),("httpd",26685,5),("httpd",26686,5))
[root@node1 conf]# vim httpd.conf 修改监听端口为8080
[root@node1 conf]# grep "8080" httpd.conf
Listen 8080
[root@node1 conf]# ansible constrol -m shell -a ‘ss -tnlp|grep 8080‘
192.168.21.230 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
192.168.21.234 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
[root@node1 conf]# ansible-playbook httpd.yaml 重新执行
PLAY [constrol] ***************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.230]
ok: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [Install httpd] *********************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.230]
ok: [192.168.21.234]
TASK: [copy configuration file] ***********************************************
changed: [192.168.21.234]
changed: [192.168.21.230]
TASK: [start httpd] ***********************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.234]
ok: [192.168.21.230]
NOTIFIED: [restart httpd] *****************************************************
changed: [192.168.21.230]
changed: [192.168.21.234]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.21.230 : ok=5 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.21.234 : ok=5 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@node1 conf]# ansible constrol -m shell -a ‘ss -tnlp|grep 8080‘ 8080端口ok
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
LISTEN 0 128 :::8080 :::* users:(("httpd",9668,6),("httpd",9671,6),("httpd",9672,6),("httpd",9673,6),("httpd",9674,6),("httpd",9675,6),("httpd",9676,6),("httpd",9677,6),("httpd",9678,6))
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
LISTEN 0 128 :::8080 :::* users:(("httpd",26967,6),("httpd",26970,6),("httpd",26971,6),("httpd",26972,6),("httpd",26973,6),("httpd",26974,6),("httpd",26975,6),("httpd",26976,6),("httpd",26977,6))
这里我们每次修改配置文件只要做的事就是重启一下服务,不用再按照httpd.yaml依次往下的执行,我们通过设定标签,为每个任务分别添加一个标签,重启对应的服务,只需要重启对应的标签即可。用tags来指定,再来测试如下
[root@node1 ~]# man ansible-playbook
ANSIBLE-PLAYBOOK(1) System administration commands ANSIBLE-PLAYBOOK(1)
NAME
ansible-playbook - run an ansible playbook
SYNOPSIS
ansible-playbook <filename.yml> ... [options]
..............
-t, TAGS, --tags=TAGS
Only run plays and tasks tagged with these values.
--skip-tags=SKIP_TAGS
Only run plays and tasks whose tags do not match these values.
[root@node1 conf]# cat httpd.yaml
- hosts: constrol
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: Install httpd
yum: name=httpd
- name: copy configuration file
copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
tags: conf
notify: restart httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd enabled=yes state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@node1 conf]# vim httpd.conf
[root@node1 conf]# grep 80 httpd.conf
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80
#ServerName www.example.com:80
#NameVirtualHost *:80
# (e.g. :80) if mod_ssl is being used, due to the nature of the
#<VirtualHost *:80>
[root@node1 conf]# ansible-playbook httpd.yaml -t conf
PLAY [constrol] ***************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.21.234]
ok: [192.168.21.230]
TASK: [copy configuration file] *********************************************** 复制配置文件发生了changed
changed: [192.168.21.234]
changed: [192.168.21.230]
NOTIFIED: [restart httpd] ***************************************************** 触发restart了也为changed
changed: [192.168.21.234]
changed: [192.168.21.230]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.21.230 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.21.234 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@node1 conf]# ansible constrol -m shell -a ‘ss -tnlp|grep 80‘
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("httpd",9873,6),("httpd",9875,6),("httpd",9876,6),("httpd",9877,6),("httpd",9878,6),("httpd",9879,6),("httpd",9881,6),("httpd",9882,6),("httpd",9883,6))
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* users:(("httpd",27169,6),("httpd",27172,6),("httpd",27173,6),("httpd",27174,6),("httpd",27175,6),("httpd",27176,6),("httpd",27177,6),("httpd",27178,6),("httpd",27179,6))
对httpd.yaml进行切分,通过- include来包含切分后的任务
[root@node1 conf]# cat httpd.yaml
- hosts: constrol
remote_user: root
tasks:
- include: tasks/tasks.yaml tasks文件的位置
handlers:
- include: handlers/handlers.yaml handlers文件的位置
[root@node1 conf]# mkdir tasks handlers 新建目录和文件
[root@node1 conf]# vim handlers/handlers.yaml
[root@node1 conf]# cat handlers/handlers.yaml
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@node1 conf]# vim tasks/tasks.yaml
[root@node1 conf]# cat tasks/tasks.yaml
- name: Install httpd
yum: name=httpd
- name: copy configuration file
copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: restart httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd enabled=yes state=started
[root@node1 conf]# vim httpd.conf
[root@node1 conf]# grep "8080" httpd.conf 修改了一下端口
Listen 8080
[root@node1 conf]# ansible-playbook httpd.yaml 执行yaml
...
[root@node1 conf]# ansible constrol -m shell -a ‘ss -tnlp|grep 8080‘ 修改端口ok
192.168.21.234 | success | rc=0 >>
LISTEN 0 128 :::8080 :::* users:(("httpd",10379,6),("httpd",10382,6),("httpd",10383,6),("httpd",10384,6),("httpd",10385,6),("httpd",10386,6),("httpd",10387,6),("httpd",10388,6),("httpd",10389,6))
192.168.21.230 | success | rc=0 >>
LISTEN 0 128 :::8080 :::* users:(("httpd",27646,6),("httpd",27649,6),("httpd",27650,6),("httpd",27651,6),("httpd",27652,6),("httpd",27653,6),("httpd",27654,6),("httpd",27655,6),("httpd",27656,6))
在httpd.yaml下也可以使用tags,可以自行测试,后面再介绍roles,且以一个实际项目来进行测试,欢迎关注
本文出自 “快乐就好” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://wdllife.blog.51cto.com/6615958/1632387
自动化运维工具ansible playbook和roles的使用
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原文地址:http://wdllife.blog.51cto.com/6615958/1632387