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位图索引:
SQL> drop table t purge; Table dropped. SQL> create table t as select * from dba_objects; Table created. SQL> insert into t select * from t; 2314432 rows created. SQL> update t set object_id=rownum; 4628864 rows updated. SQL> commit; SQL> select count(*) from t; COUNT(*) ---------- 4628864 ------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 19312 (8)| 00:03:52 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 289M| 19312 (8)| 00:03:52 | ------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 65727 consistent gets 12258 physical reads
SQL> create index idx_t_1 on t(object_id);
Index created.
SQL> alter table t modify object_id not null;
Table altered.
SQL> set autotrace on
SQL> select count(*) from t;
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 2998 (1)| 00:00:36 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | |
| 2 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| IDX_T_1 | 5518K| 2998 (1)| 00:00:36 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
10865 consistent gets
SQL> create bitmap index idx_map_t on t(status);
Index created.
SQL> select count(*) from t;
COUNT(*)
----------
4628864
SQL> select count(*) from t;
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 113 (0)| 00:00:02 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | |
| 2 | BITMAP CONVERSION COUNT | | 5518K| 113 (0)| 00:00:02 |
| 3 | BITMAP INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| IDX_MAP_T | | | |
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
123 consistent gets
select * from t where col1=xxx and col2=xxx and col3=xxx and col4=xxx...
create table t (id, gender not null,location not null,age not null,data) as select rownum, decode(ceil(dbms_random.value(0,2)),1,‘M‘,2,‘F‘) gender, ceil(dbms_random.value(1,50)) location, decode(ceil(dbms_random.value(0,3)),1,‘child‘,2,‘young‘,3,‘middle_age‘,4,‘old‘), rpad(‘*‘,20,‘*‘) from dual connect by rownum<=100000; set autotrace traceonly SQL> select * from t where gender=‘M‘ and location in (1,10,30) and age=‘child‘; 658 rows selected. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 671 | 31537 | 171 (1)| 00:00:03 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 671 | 31537 | 171 (1)| 00:00:03 | 1 - filter("GENDER"=‘M‘ AND ("LOCATION"=1 OR "LOCATION"=10 OR "LOCATION"=30) AND "AGE"=‘child‘) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 652 consistent gets 16290 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client --列高度重复,建立联合索引;梁在书里说的走全表扫描的情况没有出现。oracle还是做了优化。 SQL> create index idx_union on t(gender,location,age); Index created. SQL> select * from t where gender=‘M‘ and location in (1,10,30) and age=‘child‘; 658 rows selected. Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 306189815 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 671 | 31537 | 6 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | INLIST ITERATOR | | | | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 671 | 31537 | 6 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_UNION | 1 | | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 | Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 635 consistent gets 36405 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client --建位图索引 SQL> create bitmap index idx_gender on t(gender); SQL> create bitmap index idx_age on t(age); SQL> create bitmap index idx_loc on t(location); SQL> select * from t where gender=‘M‘ and location in (1,10,30) and age=‘young‘; 657 rows selected. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 622 | 29234 | 6 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | INLIST ITERATOR | | | | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 622 | 29234 | 6 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_UNION | 1 | | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 - access("GENDER"=‘M‘ AND ("LOCATION"=1 OR "LOCATION"=10 OR "LOCATION"=30) AND "AGE"=‘young‘) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 637 consistent gets 36355 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
SQL> create bitmap index idx_btid on t(id); SQL> set autotrace traceonly SQL> select count(*) from t; | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 1675 (1)| 00:00:21 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 1081K| 1675 (1)| 00:00:21 |---走全表扫描: Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 6140 consistent gets 6051 physical reads --强制走索引 SQL> select /*+index(t,idx_btid)*/ count(*) from t; | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 3563 (1)| 00:00:43 | | 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | | 2 | BITMAP CONVERSION COUNT| | 1081K| 3563 (1)| 00:00:43 | | 3 | BITMAP INDEX FULL SCAN| IDX_BTID | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 3563 consistent gets 3494 physical reads
函数索引:
SQL> create table t as select * from dba_objects; SQL> create index idx_id on t(object_id); SQL> create index idx_name on t(object_name); SQL> create index idx_crt on t(created); --对列运用函数,列的索引失效 SQL> select * from t where upper(object_name)=‘T‘; | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 12 | 2484 | 289 (1)| 00:00:04 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 12 | 2484 | 289 (1)| 00:00:04 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1036 consistent gets --所以需要建立函数索引 SQL> create index idx_fx on t(upper(object_name)); SQL> select * from t where upper(object_name)=‘T‘; | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 707 | 188K| 151 (0)| 00:00:02 | | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 707 | 188K| 151 (0)| 00:00:02 | |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_FX | 283 | | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 5 consistent gets
select * from t where object_id-10<30;--完全没有比较的列运算 set autotrace traceonly set linesize 1000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 12 | 2484 | 289 (1)| 00:00:04 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 12 | 2484 | 289 (1)| 00:00:04 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- select * from t where object_name like ‘CLUS%‘;--用这个,不要用下面的: select * from t where substr(object_name,1,4)=‘CLUS‘; select * from t where created>=to_date(‘2010-10-02‘,‘YYYY-MM-DD‘) AND created<to_date(‘2010-10-03‘,‘YYYY-MM-DD‘)+1; --好的sql select * from t where trunc(created)>=to_date(‘2010-10-02‘,‘YYYY-MM-DD‘) and trunc(created)<=to_date(‘2010-10-03‘,‘YYYY-MM-DD‘); --注:created的值为:2011/12/7 22:18:33, trunc(created)为:2011/12/7
索引经典案例:
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/alexweng/p/4443108.html