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最全py2exe

时间:2015-04-28 01:48:43      阅读:248      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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这次不是直接讲解下去,而是谈一下如何把我们写的游戏做成一个exe文件,这样一来,用户不需要安装python就可以玩了。扫清了游戏发布一大障碍啊!

perl,python,java等编程语言,非常好用,语法优美,功能强大;VB啥的,功能上编写的时候总有那么点不舒服的地方(个人见解),可是用户和受众极多,一个很大的原因就是:VB是微软提供的,可以很方便的编译(伪?)生成exe文件。有了exe,所有的Windows都能方便的使用了。

我们不能指望用户在玩我们的游戏之前都安装一个python和pygame,甚至还要装一些其他额外的库(比如上一章的gameobjects),这会吓退99%以上的人……所以把我们的游戏打包(注意是打包而不是编译,python毕竟是脚本程序)成一个可执行文件势在必行。

 

perl有perlcc(免费高效但配置极其复杂),perlapp(简单效果也不错但是收费)等工具;而对python来说,py2exe是不二之选,首先是免费的,而且压出来的文件,虽然不能和编译软件相比,还是不错的了。

到py2exe的官方网站下载安装包,注意要对应自己的python版本。

py2exe是需要写一个脚本进行打包的操作,使用下面这个专为pygame写就的脚本(参考py2exe官方),可以极大的方便打包操作,注意在使用前修改BuildExe里的各个参数

 
#!python
# -*- coding: gb2312 -*-
 
# 这个脚本专为pygame优化,使用py2exe打包代码和资源至dist目录
#
# 使用中若有问题,可以留言至:
#  http://eyehere.net/2011/python-pygame-novice-professional-py2exe/
#
# 安装需求:
#         python, pygame, py2exe 都应该装上
 
# 使用方法:
#         1: 修改此文件,指定需要打包的.py和对应数据
#         2: python pygame2exe.py
#         3: 在dist文件夹中,enjoy it~
 
try:
    from distutils.core import setup
    import py2exe, pygame
    from modulefinder import Module
    import glob, fnmatch
    import sys, os, shutil
except ImportError, message:
    raise SystemExit,  "Sorry, you must install py2exe, pygame. %s" % message
 
# 这个函数是用来判断DLL是否是系统提供的(是的话就不用打包)
origIsSystemDLL = py2exe.build_exe.isSystemDLL
def isSystemDLL(pathname):
    # 需要hack一下,freetype和ogg的dll并不是系统DLL
    if os.path.basename(pathname).lower() in ("libfreetype-6.dll", "libogg-0.dll", "sdl_ttf.dll"):
        return 0
    return origIsSystemDLL(pathname)
# 把Hack过的函数重新写回去
py2exe.build_exe.isSystemDLL = isSystemDLL
 
# 这个新的类也是一个Hack,使得pygame的默认字体会被拷贝
class pygame2exe(py2exe.build_exe.py2exe):
    def copy_extensions(self, extensions):
        # 获得pygame默认字体
        pygamedir = os.path.split(pygame.base.__file__)[0]
        pygame_default_font = os.path.join(pygamedir, pygame.font.get_default_font())
        # 加入拷贝文件列表
        extensions.append(Module("pygame.font", pygame_default_font))
        py2exe.build_exe.py2exe.copy_extensions(self, extensions)
 
# 这个类是我们真正做事情的部分
class BuildExe:
    def __init__(self):
        #------------------------------------------------------#
        ##### 对于一个新的游戏程序,需要修改这里的各个参数 #####
        #------------------------------------------------------#
 
        # 起始py文件
        self.script = "MyGames.py"
        # 游戏名
        self.project_name = "MyGames"
        # 游戏site
        self.project_url = "about:none"
        # 游戏版本
        self.project_version = "0.0"
        # 游戏许可
        self.license = "MyGames License"
        # 游戏作者
        self.author_name = "xishui"
        # 联系电邮
        self.author_email = "blog@eyehere.net"
        # 游戏版权
        self.copyright = "Copyright (c) 3000 xishui."
        # 游戏描述
        self.project_description = "MyGames Description"
        # 游戏图标(None的话使用pygame的默认图标)
        self.icon_file = None
        # 额外需要拷贝的文件、文件夹(图片,音频等)
        self.extra_datas = []
        # 额外需要的python库名
        self.extra_modules = []
        # 需要排除的python库
        self.exclude_modules = []
        # 额外需要排除的dll
        self.exclude_dll = [‘‘]
        # 需要加入的py文件
        self.extra_scripts = []
        # 打包Zip文件名(None的话,打包到exe文件中)
        self.zipfile_name = None
        # 生成文件夹
        self.dist_dir =‘dist‘
 
    def opj(self, *args):
        path = os.path.join(*args)
        return os.path.normpath(path)
 
    def find_data_files(self, srcdir, *wildcards, **kw):
        # 从源文件夹内获取文件
        def walk_helper(arg, dirname, files):
            # 当然你使用其他的版本控制工具什么的,也可以加进来
            if ‘.svn‘ in dirname:
                return
            names = []
            lst, wildcards = arg
            for wc in wildcards:
                wc_name = self.opj(dirname, wc)
                for f in files:
                    filename = self.opj(dirname, f)
 
                    if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, wc_name) and not os.path.isdir(filename):
                        names.append(filename)
            if names:
                lst.append( (dirname, names ) )
 
        file_list = []
        recursive = kw.get(‘recursive‘, True)
        if recursive:
            os.path.walk(srcdir, walk_helper, (file_list, wildcards))
        else:
            walk_helper((file_list, wildcards),
                        srcdir,
                        [os.path.basename(f) for f in glob.glob(self.opj(srcdir, ‘*‘))])
        return file_list
 
    def run(self):
        if os.path.isdir(self.dist_dir): # 删除上次的生成结果
            shutil.rmtree(self.dist_dir)
 
        # 获得默认图标
        if self.icon_file == None:
            path = os.path.split(pygame.__file__)[0]
            self.icon_file = os.path.join(path, ‘pygame.ico‘)
 
        # 获得需要打包的数据文件
        extra_datas = []
        for data in self.extra_datas:
            if os.path.isdir(data):
                extra_datas.extend(self.find_data_files(data, ‘*‘))
            else:
                extra_datas.append((‘.‘, [data]))
 
        # 开始打包exe
        setup(
            cmdclass = {‘py2exe‘: pygame2exe},
            version = self.project_version,
            description = self.project_description,
            name = self.project_name,
            url = self.project_url,
            author = self.author_name,
            author_email = self.author_email,
            license = self.license,
 
            # 默认生成窗口程序,如果需要生成终端程序(debug阶段),使用:
            # console = [{
            windows = [{
                ‘script‘: self.script,
                ‘icon_resources‘: [(0, self.icon_file)],
                ‘copyright‘: self.copyright
            }],
            options = {‘py2exe‘: {‘optimize‘: 2, ‘bundle_files‘: 1,
                                  ‘compressed‘: True,
                                  ‘excludes‘: self.exclude_modules,
                                  ‘packages‘: self.extra_modules,
                                  ‘dist_dir‘: self.dist_dir,
                                  ‘dll_excludes‘: self.exclude_dll,
                                  ‘includes‘: self.extra_scripts} },
            zipfile = self.zipfile_name,
            data_files = extra_datas,
            )
 
        if os.path.isdir(‘build‘): # 清除build文件夹
            shutil.rmtree(‘build‘)
 
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        sys.argv.append(‘py2exe‘)
    BuildExe().run()
    raw_input("Finished! Press any key to exit.")
 

可以先从简单的程序开始,有了一点经验再尝试打包复杂的游戏。
一些Tips:

  • 如果执行出错,会生成一个xxx.exe.log,参考这里的log信息看是不是少打包了东西。
  • 一开始可以使用console来打包,这样可以在命令行里看到更多的信息。
  • 对于每一个游戏,基本都需要拷贝上面的原始代码修改为独一无二的打包执行文件。
  • 即使一个很小的py文件,最终生成的exe文件也很大(看安装的库而定,我这里最小4.7M左右),事实上py2exe在打包的时候会把无数的不需要的库都打进来导致最终文件臃肿,如果你安装了很繁杂的库(wxPython等)更是如此。使用zip打包以后查看里面的库文件,把不需要的逐一加入到self.exclude_modules中,最后可以把文件尺寸控制在一个可以接受的范围内。

2011/08/21 追记:
很多人在打包使用Font模块时出现问题,这里需要把sdl_ttf.dll声明为非系统文件,我已经修改了脚本默认就加入了。而且建议,如果将来是确定要打包为exe的,那么就不要使用系统字体,即”pygame.font.SysFont(xxx)”,而是使用字体文件,然后打包时将文件当作图片等一起打包,这样出问题的概率会大大降低。

2011/09/24 追记:
感谢blues_city网友,“dist_dir”应该是属于py2exe的特有options而不是setup的。

欢迎大家试用并提出建议,不断完善这个脚本。

 

 

 

http://www.pygame.org/wiki/Pygame2exe

Here is a sample script to compile a pygame app to a standalone windows application. It includes a hack to include pygame default font into executable file.

Just edit value in BuildExe.__init__ to fit you needs. This will only work for GUI apps, change "windows =" to "console =" in setup command would do the job.

To have a zipfile with libraries, just specify a zip file name. If you don‘t specify an icon file name, pygame icon will be used.

Changes by arit:
For this script to work I *had* to modify my font call in my game from Font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,16) # the created .exe does not run to Font = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 16) and additionally copy freesansbold.ttf into the same directory as the created .exe I also needed to add sdl_ttf.dll to the check for include files (see comment in source code bellow) (This has been suggested by http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6376194/font-module-error-when-using-py2exe) Then I saved the script bellow as game2exe.py in the same directory as my MyApps.py file. From the command promt inside this very directory I then executed the script by writing python game2exe.py Then I had to manually copy freesansbold.ttf into the subfolder "dist" where the MyApps.exe is created. Windows7 64bit Enterprise, Python 2.7.2, pygame-1.9.2a0.win32-py2.7

# This will create a dist directory containing the executable file, all the data
# directories. All Libraries will be bundled in executable file.
#
# Run the build process by entering ‘pygame2exe.py‘ or
# ‘python pygame2exe.py‘ in a console prompt.
#
# To build exe, python, pygame, and py2exe have to be installed. After
# building exe none of this libraries are needed.
#Please Note have a backup file in a different directory as if it crashes you 
#will loose it all!(I lost 6 months of work because I did not do this)
 
 
try:
    from distutils.core import setup
    import py2exe, pygame
    from modulefinder import Module
    import glob, fnmatch
    import sys, os, shutil
    import operator
except ImportError, message:
    raise SystemExit,  "Unable to load module. %s" % message
 
#hack which fixes the pygame mixer and pygame font
origIsSystemDLL = py2exe.build_exe.isSystemDLL # save the orginal before we edit it
def isSystemDLL(pathname):
    # checks if the freetype and ogg dll files are being included
    if os.path.basename(pathname).lower() in ("libfreetype-6.dll", "libogg-0.dll","sdl_ttf.dll"): # "sdl_ttf.dll" added by arit.
            return 0
    return origIsSystemDLL(pathname) # return the orginal function
py2exe.build_exe.isSystemDLL = isSystemDLL # override the default function with this one
 
class pygame2exe(py2exe.build_exe.py2exe): #This hack make sure that pygame default font is copied: no need to modify code for specifying default font
    def copy_extensions(self, extensions):
        #Get pygame default font
        pygamedir = os.path.split(pygame.base.__file__)[0]
        pygame_default_font = os.path.join(pygamedir, pygame.font.get_default_font())
 
        #Add font to list of extension to be copied
        extensions.append(Module("pygame.font", pygame_default_font))
        py2exe.build_exe.py2exe.copy_extensions(self, extensions)
 
class BuildExe:
    def __init__(self):
        #Name of starting .py
        self.script = "MyApps.py"
 
        #Name of program
        self.project_name = "MyApps"
 
        #Project url
        self.project_url = "about:none"
 
        #Version of program
        self.project_version = "0.0"
 
        #License of the program
        self.license = "MyApps License"
 
        #Auhor of program
        self.author_name = "Me"
        self.author_email = "example@example.com"
        self.copyright = "Copyright (c) 2009 Me."
 
        #Description
        self.project_description = "MyApps Description"
 
        #Icon file (None will use pygame default icon)
        self.icon_file = None
 
        #Extra files/dirs copied to game
        self.extra_datas = []
 
        #Extra/excludes python modules
        self.extra_modules = []
        self.exclude_modules = []
        
        #DLL Excludes
        self.exclude_dll = [‘‘]
        #python scripts (strings) to be included, seperated by a comma
        self.extra_scripts = []
 
        #Zip file name (None will bundle files in exe instead of zip file)
        self.zipfile_name = None
 
        #Dist directory
        self.dist_dir =‘dist‘
 
    ## Code from DistUtils tutorial at http://wiki.python.org/moin/Distutils/Tutorial
    ## Originally borrowed from wxPython‘s setup and config files
    def opj(self, *args):
        path = os.path.join(*args)
        return os.path.normpath(path)
 
    def find_data_files(self, srcdir, *wildcards, **kw):
        # get a list of all files under the srcdir matching wildcards,
        # returned in a format to be used for install_data
        def walk_helper(arg, dirname, files):
            if ‘.svn‘ in dirname:
                return
            names = []
            lst, wildcards = arg
            for wc in wildcards:
                wc_name = self.opj(dirname, wc)
                for f in files:
                    filename = self.opj(dirname, f)
 
                    if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, wc_name) and not os.path.isdir(filename):
                        names.append(filename)
            if names:
                lst.append( (dirname, names ) )
 
        file_list = []
        recursive = kw.get(‘recursive‘, True)
        if recursive:
            os.path.walk(srcdir, walk_helper, (file_list, wildcards))
        else:
            walk_helper((file_list, wildcards),
                        srcdir,
                        [os.path.basename(f) for f in glob.glob(self.opj(srcdir, ‘*‘))])
        return file_list
 
    def run(self):
        if os.path.isdir(self.dist_dir): #Erase previous destination dir
            shutil.rmtree(self.dist_dir)
        
        #Use the default pygame icon, if none given
        if self.icon_file == None:
            path = os.path.split(pygame.__file__)[0]
            self.icon_file = os.path.join(path, ‘pygame.ico‘)
 
        #List all data files to add
        extra_datas = []
        for data in self.extra_datas:
            if os.path.isdir(data):
                extra_datas.extend(self.find_data_files(data, ‘*‘))
            else:
                extra_datas.append((‘.‘, [data]))
        
        setup(
            cmdclass = {‘py2exe‘: pygame2exe},
            version = self.project_version,
            description = self.project_description,
            name = self.project_name,
            url = self.project_url,
            author = self.author_name,
            author_email = self.author_email,
            license = self.license,
 
            # targets to build
            windows = [{
                ‘script‘: self.script,
                ‘icon_resources‘: [(0, self.icon_file)],
                ‘copyright‘: self.copyright
            }],
            options = {‘py2exe‘: {‘optimize‘: 2, ‘bundle_files‘: 1, ‘compressed‘: True,                                   ‘excludes‘: self.exclude_modules, ‘packages‘: self.extra_modules,                                   ‘dll_excludes‘: self.exclude_dll,
                                  ‘includes‘: self.extra_scripts} },
            zipfile = self.zipfile_name,
            data_files = extra_datas,
            dist_dir = self.dist_dir
            )
        
        if os.path.isdir(‘build‘): #Clean up build dir
            shutil.rmtree(‘build‘)
 
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    if operator.lt(len(sys.argv), 2):
        sys.argv.append(‘py2exe‘)
    BuildExe().run() #Run generation
    raw_input("Press any key to continue") #Pause to let user see that things ends

最全py2exe

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/jefree/p/4461851.html

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