hive中使用case、if：一个region统计业务（hive条件函数case、if、COALESCE语法介绍:CONDITIONAL FUNCTIONS IN HIVE）

前言：Hive ql自己设计总结

1，遇到复杂的查询情况，就分步处理。将一个复杂的逻辑，分成几个简单子步骤处理。
2，但能合在一起的，尽量和在一起的。比如同级别的多个concat函数合并一个select

也就是说，字段之间是并行的同级别处理，则放在一个hive ql；而字段间有前后处理逻辑依赖（判断、补值、计算）则可分步执行，提前将每个字段分别处理好，然后进行相应的分步简单逻辑处理。

一、 场景：日志中region数据处理（国家，省份，城市）

select city_id,province_id,country_id
from wizad_mdm_cleaned_hdfs
where city_id = ‘‘ or country_id = ‘‘ or province_id = ‘‘
group by city_id,province_id,country_id

二 、发现日志中有空数据：

38              1      
        73      1      
        75      1      
64      81             
        76      1      
                      （全空）
        77         

三、设定过滤逻辑

if country_id=‘‘ 
         if province_id != ‘‘ then 
                   if city_id = ‘‘ thenCONCAT(‘region_‘,‘1‘,‘_‘,province_id)
                   elseCONCAT(‘region_‘,‘1‘,‘_‘,province_id,‘_‘,city_id)
         else 
                   if city_id != ‘‘ thenCONCAT(‘region_‘,‘1‘,‘_‘,parent_region_id,‘_‘,city_id)
else
         if province_id=‘‘ 
                   if city_id !=‘‘ thenCONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id,‘_‘,parent_region_id,‘_‘,city_id)

四、hive ql实现

SET mapred.queue.names=queue3;
SET mapred.reduce.tasks=14;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_lmj_mdm_tmp1;
CREATE TABLE test_lmj_mdm_tmp1 AS
SELECT
guid,
(CASE country_id
WHEN ‘‘ THEN (CASE WHEN province_id=‘‘ THENIF(city_id = ‘‘,‘‘,CONCAT(‘region_‘,‘1‘,‘_‘,parent_region_id,‘_‘,city_id)) ELSEIF(city_id=‘‘,CONCAT(‘region_‘,‘1‘,‘_‘,province_id),CONCAT(‘region_‘,‘1‘,‘_‘,province_id,‘_‘,city_id))END)
ELSE (CASE when province_id=‘‘ THENIF(city_id=‘‘,CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id),CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id,‘_‘,parent_region_id,‘_‘,city_id))ELSE IF(city_id = ‘‘, CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id,‘_‘,province_id),CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id,‘_‘,province_id,‘_‘,city_id))END)
END )AS region,
(CASE connection_type WHEN ‘2‘ THENCONCAT(‘carrier_‘,‘wifi‘) ELSE CONCAT(‘carrier_‘,c.element_id) END) AS carrier,
SUM(CASE WHEN logtype = ‘1‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0END) AS imp_pv,
SUM(CASE WHEN logtype = ‘2‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0END) AS clk_pv
FROM wizad_mdm_cleaned_hdfs a
left outer joinwizad_mdm_dev_lmj_ad_campaign_industry_brand b
ON (a.wizad_ad_id = b.ad_id)
left outer join (SELECT * FROMwizad_mdm_dev_lmj_mapping_table_analytics WHERE TYPE = ‘7‘) c
ON (a.adn_id = c.ad_network_id ANDa.carrier_id = c.mapping_id)
left outer joinwizad_mdm_dev_lmj_app_category_analytics d
ON (a.app_category_id = d.adn_category)
left outer join (select region_template_id,parent_region_id from wizad_mdm_dev_lmj_region_template) e
ON (a.city_id = e.region_template_id)
WHERE a.day = ‘2015-01-01‘
GROUP BY guid,
(CASE country_id
WHEN ‘‘ THEN (CASE WHEN province_id = ‘‘THEN IF(city_id = ‘‘,‘‘,CONCAT(‘region_‘,‘1‘,‘_‘,parent_region_id,‘_‘,city_id))ELSEIF(city_id=‘‘,CONCAT(‘region_‘,‘1‘,‘_‘,province_id),CONCAT(‘region_‘,‘1‘,‘_‘,province_id,‘_‘,city_id))END)
ELSE (CASE when province_id=‘‘ THENIF(city_id=‘‘,CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id),CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id,‘_‘,parent_region_id,‘_‘,city_id))ELSEIF(city_id=‘‘,CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id,‘_‘,province_id),CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id,‘_‘,province_id,‘_‘,city_id))END)
END),
(CASE connection_type WHEN ‘2‘ THENCONCAT(‘carrier_‘,‘wifi‘) ELSE CONCAT(‘carrier_‘,c.element_id) END);

五、Hive ql语句分析

上例中使用case和if，语法参见最后{七、CONDITIONAL FUNCTIONS IN HIVE}
注意:
1，case特殊用法：case后可无对象，而在when后加条件判断语句，如，case when a=1 then true else false end；
2，select后的变换字段提取，对应在groupby中也要有，如carrier的case处理。（否则select不到）。但group by 后不能起表别名（as），select后可以。substring处理time时也一样在select和group by都有，
3，left outerjoin用子查询减少join时的内存
4，IF看版本才能用

六、Hive ql设计重构

初学者如我，总设计复杂逻辑，变态语句。
实际上，有经验的人面对逻辑太过复杂，应该分步操作。一个sql的高级同事重构上例。分两步：
 - 1）先分别给各字段补充合理值（能补充的补充，不能的置空）
 - 2）然后在region处理时直接过滤掉非法值记录

6.1步骤一语句

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_lmj_mdm_tmp;
CREATE TABLE test_lmj_mdm_tmp AS
SELECT
guid,
CONCAT(‘adn_‘,adn_id) AS adn,
CONCAT(‘time_‘,substr(createtime,12,2)) AS hour,
CONCAT(‘os_‘,os_id) AS os,
case when (country_id = ‘‘ or country_id = ‘NULL‘ or country_id isnull)
            and (province_id =‘‘ or province_id = ‘NULL‘ or province_id is null)
            and (city_id = ‘‘or city_id = ‘NULL‘ or city_id is null)
        then ‘‘
     when (country_id = ‘‘ orcountry_id = ‘NULL‘ or country_id is null)
            and (province_id<> ‘‘ or province_id <> ‘NULL‘ or province_id is not null orcity_id <> ‘‘ or city_id <> ‘NULL‘ or city_id is not null)
        then ‘1‘
     else country_id end ascountry_id,
case when (province_id = ‘‘ or province_id = ‘NULL‘ or province_idis null)
            ande.parent_region_id <> ‘‘ and e.parent_region_id <> ‘NULL‘ ande.parent_region_id is not null
        thene.parent_region_id
     else province_id end asprovince_id,
city_id,
CONCAT(‘campaign_‘,b.campaign_id) AS campaign,
CONCAT(‘interest_‘,b.industry_id) AS interest,
CONCAT(‘brand_‘,b.brand_id) AS brand,
(CASE connection_type WHEN ‘2‘ THEN CONCAT(‘carrier_‘,‘wifi‘) ELSECONCAT(‘carrier_‘,c.element_id) END) AS carrier,
CONCAT(‘appcategory_‘,d.wizad_category) AS appcategory,
uid,
SUM(CASE WHEN logtype = ‘1‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS imp_pv,
SUM(CASE WHEN logtype = ‘2‘ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS clk_pv
FROM ${clean_log_table} a
left outer join wizad_mdm_dev_lmj_ad_campaign_industry_brand b
ON (a.wizad_ad_id = b.ad_id)
left outer join (SELECT * FROMwizad_mdm_dev_lmj_mapping_table_analytics WHERE TYPE = ‘7‘) c
ON (a.adn_id = c.ad_network_id AND a.carrier_id = c.mapping_id)
left outer join wizad_mdm_dev_lmj_app_category_analytics d
ON (a.app_category_id = d.adn_category)
left outer join (select region_template_id, parent_region_id fromwizad_mdm_dev_lmj_region_template) e
ON (a.city_id = e.region_template_id)
WHERE a.day < ‘${pt}‘ and a.day >= ‘${time_span}‘
GROUP BY guid,
CONCAT(‘adn_‘,adn_id),
CONCAT(‘time_‘,substr(createtime,12,2)),
CONCAT(‘os_‘,os_id),
case when (country_id = ‘‘ or country_id = ‘NULL‘ or country_id isnull)
          and (province_id =‘‘ or province_id = ‘NULL‘ or province_id is null)
          and (city_id = ‘‘ orcity_id = ‘NULL‘ or city_id is null)
          then ‘‘
     when (country_id = ‘‘ orcountry_id = ‘NULL‘ or country_id is null)
          and (province_id<> ‘‘ or province_id <> ‘NULL‘ or province_id is not null orcity_id <> ‘‘ or city_id <> ‘NULL‘ or city_id is not null)
          then ‘1‘
     else country_id end,
case when (province_id = ‘‘ or province_id = ‘NULL‘ or province_idis null)
          and e.parent_region_id <> ‘‘ ande.parent_region_id <> ‘NULL‘ and e.parent_region_id is not null
          thene.parent_region_id
     else province_id end,
city_id,
CONCAT(‘campaign_‘,b.campaign_id),
CONCAT(‘interest_‘,b.industry_id),
CONCAT(‘brand_‘,b.brand_id),
(CASE connection_type WHEN ‘2‘ THEN CONCAT(‘carrier_‘,‘wifi‘) ELSECONCAT(‘carrier_‘,c.element_id) END),
CONCAT(‘appcategory_‘,d.wizad_category),
UID;

6.2步骤二语句

SELECT guid,CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id,‘_‘,province_id,(case when city_id<> ‘‘ and city_id <> ‘NULL‘ and city_id is not null thenconcat(‘_‘,city_id) else ‘‘ end)) AS fixeddim,UID,SUM(imp_pv) AS pv
FROM test_lmj_mdm_tmp
where imp_pv > 0
and country_id <> ‘‘
and country_id <> ‘NULL‘
and country_id is not null
and province_id <> ‘‘
and province_id <> ‘NULL‘
and province_id is not null
GROUP BY guid,CONCAT(‘region_‘,country_id,‘_‘,province_id,(case whencity_id <> ‘‘ and city_id <> ‘NULL‘ and city_id is not null thenconcat(‘_‘,city_id) else ‘‘ end)),
UID

以下引自网络

七、CONDITIONALFUNCTIONS IN HIVE

Hive supports three types of conditional functions. These functions
are listed below:

IF( Test Condition, True Value, False Value )

The IF condition evaluates the “Test Condition” and if the “Test
Condition” is true, then it returns the “True Value”. Otherwise, it
returns the False Value. Example: IF(1=1, ‘working’, ‘not working’)
returns ‘working’

COALESCE( value1,value2,… )

The COALESCE function returns the fist not NULL value from the list of
values. If all the values in the list are NULL, then it returns NULL.
Example: COALESCE(NULL,NULL,5,NULL,4) returns 5

CASE Statement

The syntax for the case statement is: CASE [ expression ]

    WHEN condition1 THEN result1
    WHEN condition2 THEN result2
    ...
    WHEN conditionn THEN resultn
    ELSE result END

Here expression is optional. It is the value that you are comparing to
the list of conditions. (ie: condition1, condition2, … conditionn).

All the conditions must be of same datatype. Conditions are evaluated
in the order listed. Once a condition is found to be true, the case
statement will return the result and not evaluate the conditions any
further.
转自：http://www.folkstalk.com/2011/11/conditional-functions-in-hive.html
All the results must be of same datatype. This is the value returned
once a condition is found to be true.

IF no condition is found to be true, then the case statement will
return the value in the ELSE clause. If the ELSE clause is omitted and
no condition is found to be true, then the case statement will return
NULL

Example:

    CASE   Fruit
        WHEN ‘APPLE‘ THEN ‘The owner is APPLE‘
        WHEN ‘ORANGE‘ THEN ‘The owner is ORANGE‘
        ELSE ‘It is another Fruit‘
    END

The other form of CASE is

    CASE 
         WHEN Fruit = ‘APPLE‘ THEN ‘The owner is APPLE‘
         WHEN Fruit = ‘ORANGE‘ THEN ‘The owner is ORANGE‘
         ELSE ‘It is another Fruit‘
    END