First, it‘s a good idea to make sure that you‘ve found the correct hard disk to partition. Try this command and verify that /dev/sda is the disk that you want to partition:

# fdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes, 1250263728 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048   1250263694  596.2G  Linux filesyste Linux filesystem

# fdisk /dev/sda
## 连续按 d 删除所有分区

1. Empty the partition table:
   

   # fdisk /dev/sda
   Command (m for help): m ↵
   ...
   ...
   Create a new label
      g   create a new empty GPT partition table
      G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
      o   create a new empty DOS partition table
      s   create a new empty Sun partition table
   
   Command (m for help): o ↵
   

2. Create Partition 1 (boot):
   

   Command (m for help): n ↵
   Partition type (default p): ↵
   Partition number (1-4, default 1): ↵
   First sector: ↵
   Last sector: +128M ↵
   

3. Create Partition 2 (swap):
   

   Command (m for help): n ↵
   Partition type (default p): ↵
   Partition number (2-4, default 2): ↵
   First sector: ↵
   Last sector: +2G ↵
   

4. Let sda2 be a swap partition
   

   Command (m for help): t ↵
   Partition number (1,2, default 2):  2 ↵
   Partition type (type L to list all types): L ↵
   ...
    1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
   ...
   Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82 ↵
   

5. Create the root partition: (如果你还要建立单独的 sda4 作用 home 或者其他分区, 可以自己建立一个)
   

   Command (m for help): n ↵
   Partition type (default p): ↵
   Partition number (3,4, default 3): ↵
   First sector: ↵
   Last sector: ↵
   

6. Verify the partition table:
   

   Command (m for help): p
   
   Disk /dev/sda: 298.1 GiB, 320072933376 bytes, 625142448 sectors
   Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disklabel type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x82abc9a6
   
   Device    Boot     Start       End    Blocks  Id System
   /dev/sda1           2048    264191    131072  83 Linux
   /dev/sda2         264192   4458495   2097152  82 Linux swap / Solaris
   /dev/sda3        4458496 625142447 310341976  83 Linux
   

7. Write the parition table to disk:
   

   Command (m for help): w
   

Your new MBR partition table will now be written to your system disk.

确认上面的都正常完成之后, 就可以来到这里, Creating filesystems. (因为下面的是 UEFI 的安装)

(chroot) # nano -w /etc/fstab

# The root filesystem should have a pass number of either 0 or 1.
# All other filesystems should have a pass number of 0 or greater than 1.
#
# NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts.
#
# See the manpage fstab(5) for more information.
#
# <fs>       <mountpoint>  <type>  <opts>         <dump/pass>

/dev/sda1    /boot         ext2    noauto,noatime 1 2
/dev/sda2    none          swap    sw             0 0
/dev/sda3    /             ext4    noatime        0 1
#/dev/sda4   /home         ext4    default        0 0
#/dev/cdrom  /mnt/cdrom    auto    noauto,ro      0 0

Note
Currently, our default /etc/fstab has the root filesystem as /dev/sda4 and the swap partition as /dev/sda3. These will need to be changed to /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda2, respectively.

Note
If you‘re using UEFI to boot, change the /dev/sda1 line so it says vfat instead of ext2. Similarly, make sure that the /dev/sda3 line specifies either xfs or ext4, depending on which filesystem you chose at filesystem-creation time.

Note
UEFI users
/dev/sda1    /boot         vfat    noauto,noatime 1 2

# (chroot) # nproc
4

Set MAKEOPTS to this number plus one:

MAKEOPTS="-j5"

LINGUAS="zh zh_CN zh_CN.UTF-8"

If you dual-boot with Windows, you‘ll need to edit this file and change the value of clock from UTC to local, because Windows will set your hardware clock to local time every time you boot Windows. Otherwise you normally wouldn‘t need to edit this file.

(chroot) # nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock

By default, Funtoo Linux is configured with Unicode (UTF-8) enabled, and for the US English locale and keyboard. If you would like to configure your system to use a non-English locale or keyboard, see Funtoo Linux Localization

安装软件

(chroot) # emerge packagename

When you install a package by specifying its name in the command-line, Portage records its name in the /var/lib/portage/world file. It does so because it assumes that, since you have installed it by name, you want to consider it part of your system and want to keep the package updated in the future. This is a handy feature, since when packages are being added to the world set, we can update our entire system by typing:

(chroot) # emerge --sync
(chroot) # emerge -auDN @world

a - show us what will be emerged, and ask us if we want to proceed
u - update the packages we specify -- don‘t emerge them again if they are already emerged.
D - Consider the entire dependency tree of packages when looking for updates. In other words, do a deep update.
N - Update any packages that have changed (new) USE settings.

You should also consider passing –with-bdeps=y when emerging @world, at least once in a while. This will update build dependencies as well.

Of course, sometimes we want to install a package but not add it to the world file. This is often done because you only want the package installed temporarily or because you know the package in question is a dependnecy of another package. If this behavior is desired, you call emerge like this:

(chroot) # emerge -1 packagename

emerge 的用法
make.conf
Video_Cards: NVIDIA
Laptop Mice: http://www.funtoo.org/Package:Synaptics 触摸板
ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"
CFLAGS="-march=core-avx-i -O2 -pipe"

USE flags: /etc/portage/make.conf - Example of Turning On Hardware Optimizations

# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "flags" | uniq

MAKEOPTS="-j5"

软件集合

To create the kernel package set, perform the following steps:

(chroot) # mkdir /etc/portage/sets
(chroot) # echo sys-kernel/debian-sources > /etc/portage/sets/kernel

Now, we‘ll want to set a USE variable to tell debian-sources to build a "universal" kernel and initramfs for us, to take the guess-work out of getting Funtoo Linux booted. To do this, we‘re going to set the binary USE variable for debian-sources, as follows:

(chroot) # echo "sys-kernel/debian-sources binary" >> /etc/portage/package.use

Now, when we just want to update our system‘s packages, we‘ll type emerge -auDN @world, and it will update our world set, leaving out the kernel. Likewise, when we just want to update our kernel, we‘ll type emerge -au @kernel, and it will update our kernel, leaving out the world set.

Note

See Funtoo Linux Kernels for a full list of kernels supported in Funtoo Linux. We recommend debian-sources for new users.

Important

debian-sources with binary USE flag requires at least 14GB free in /var/tmp and takes around 1 hour to build on a Intel Core i7 Processor.

Let‘s emerge our kernel:

(chroot) # emerge -1 @kernel

Important
Right now, the -1 option is required to not add our @kernel set to world-sets. This allows you to emerge it independently from @world. If you forget to use this option, edit /var/lib/portage/world-sets and remove the @kernel line. This will prevent kernel updates from being included in @world updates.

Note
NVIDIA card users: the binary USE flag installs the Nouveau drivers which cannot be loaded at the same time as the proprietary drivers, and cannot be unloaded at runtime because of KMS. You need to blacklist it under /etc/modprobe.d/.

First, emerge boot-update. This will also cause grub-2 and efibootmgr to be merged, since they are dependencies:

(chroot) # emerge boot-update

Then, edit /etc/boot.conf using nano and specify "Funtoo Linux genkernel" as the default setting at the top of the file, replacing "Funtoo Linux".

/etc/boot.conf should now look like this:

boot {
      generate grub
      default "Funtoo Linux genkernel"
      timeout 3
}

"Funtoo Linux" {
      kernel bzImage[-v]
}

"Funtoo Linux genkernel" {
      kernel kernel[-v]
      initrd initramfs[-v]
      params += real_root=auto
}

"Funtoo Linux better-initramfs" {
      kernel vmlinuz[-v]
      initrd /initramfs.cpio.gz
}

If you are booting a custom or non-default kernel, please read man boot.conf for information on the various options available to you.

OK – you are ready to boot!

You only need to run grub-install when you first install Funtoo Linux, but you need to re-run boot-update every time you modify your /etc/boot.conf file or add new kernels to your system. This will regenerate /boot/grub/grub.cfg so that you will have new kernels available in your GRUB boot menu, the next time you reboot.

(chroot) # emerge linux-firmware
(chroot) # emerge networkmanager
(chroot) # rc-update add NetworkManager default

Note

The following command will not work as long as you are in chroot environment. The reason for this is that addwifi will need dbus and rfkill to be set up. So don‘t forget to reboot!

# addwifi -S wpa -K ‘wifipassword‘ mywifinetwork

This network configuration entry is stored in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections

(chroot) # emerge linux-firmware
(chroot) # emerge -a wpa_supplicant

Now, edit the wpa_supplicant configuration file, located at /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf. The syntax is very easy:

network={
ssid="MyWifiName"
psk="lol42-wifi"
}

network={
ssid="Other Network"
psk="6d96270004515a0486bb7f76196a72b40c55a47f"
}

You will need to add both wpa_supplicant and dhcpcd to the default runlevel. wpa_supplicant will connect to your access point, and dhcpcd will acquire an IP address via DHCP:

(chroot) # rc-update add dhcpcd default
(chroot) # rc-update add wpa_supplicant default

Funtoo Linux Networking