实现一个非阻塞IO的服务器

先来实现一个简单的服务器，这个服务器简单的回送任何客户端的输入

EchoServer.java

package server;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program implements a simple server that listens to port 8189 and echoes back all client input
 * @author zhangchen
 *
 */
public class EchoServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {
        //establish server socket
        try(ServerSocket s=new ServerSocket(8189))
        {
            //wait for client connection
            try(Socket incoming=s.accept())
            {
                InputStream inStream=incoming.getInputStream();
                OutputStream outStream=incoming.getOutputStream();

                try(Scanner in=new Scanner(inStream))
                {
                    PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(outStream,true);
                    out.println("hello,enter bye to exit");

                    //echo client input
                    boolean done=false;
                    while(!done&&in.hasNextLine())
                    {
                        String line=in.nextLine();
                        out.println("Echo: "+line);
                        if(line.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("BYE")) done=true;
                    }

                }
            }
        }
    }

}

可以在命令行中使用telnet localhost 8189来连接这个服务器

这个服务器有一个问题，那就是不能同时为多个客户端服务。自然而然的，我们想到了使用多线程，下面实现一个多线程的服务器，功能同上：

ThreadedEchoServer.java

package threaded;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program implementsa multithreaded server that listens to port 8189 and echoes back
 * all client input.
 * @author zhangchen
 *
 */
public class ThreadedEchoServer {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            int i=1;
            ServerSocket s=new ServerSocket(8189);
            while(true)
            {
                Socket incoming=s.accept();
                System.out.println("Spawning"+i);
                Runnable r=new ThreadEchoHandler(incoming);
                Thread t=new Thread(r);
                t.start();
                i++;
            }
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();

        }
    }

}

/**
 * This class handles the client input for one server socket connection
 * @author zhangchen
 *
 */
class ThreadEchoHandler implements Runnable
{

    private Socket incoming;

    /**
     * Constructs a handler
     * @param i the incoming socket
     */
    public ThreadEchoHandler(Socket i) {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        incoming=i;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        try
        {
            try
            {
                InputStream inStream=incoming.getInputStream();
                OutputStream outStream=incoming.getOutputStream();

                Scanner in=new Scanner(inStream);
                PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(outStream,true);

                out.println("hello gougou");

                //echo client input
                boolean done=false;
                while(!done&&in.hasNextLine())
                {
                    String line=in.nextLine();
                    out.println("Echo: "+line);
                    if(line.trim().equalsIgnoreCase("BYE")) done=true;
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                incoming.close();
            }
        }
        catch(IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    }

每当一个新的客户端连接到服务器，服务器都建立一个新的线程来为这个客户端服务。

在这个程序中，我们为每个连接生成一个独立的线程。这种方法不能满足高性能服务器的要求，为了实现更高的吞吐量，我们利用java.nio包中的特性来实现一个非阻塞IO的服务器，这个服务器的功能是将客户端输入的文件路径对应文件的内容发送给客户端：

NonBlockingServer.java

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.*;
import java.nio.channels.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;
import java.lang.*;


public class NonBlockingServer
{
    public Selector sel = null; 
    public ServerSocketChannel server = null;
    public SocketChannel socket = null;
    public int port = 4900;
    String result = null;


    public NonBlockingServer()
    {
        System.out.println("Inside default ctor");
    }

    public NonBlockingServer(int port)
    {
        System.out.println("Inside the other ctor");
        port = port;
    }

    //初始化
    public void initializeOperations() throws IOException,UnknownHostException
    {
        System.out.println("Inside initialization");
        sel = Selector.open();
        server = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        server.configureBlocking(false); //将通道的阻塞模式设置为非阻塞模式
        InetAddress ia = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        InetSocketAddress isa = new InetSocketAddress(ia,port);
        server.socket().bind(isa);
    }

    public void startServer() throws IOException
    {
        System.out.println("Inside startserver");
        initializeOperations();
        System.out.println("Abt to block on select()");

        //Registers this channel with the given selector, returning a selection key.
        //A channel should be registered according to the events it will handle.
        //for instance, a channel that accepts incoming connection should be registered as follow
        SelectionKey acceptKey = server.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT ); 


        while (acceptKey.selector().select() > 0 )
        {   

            Set readyKeys = sel.selectedKeys();
            Iterator it = readyKeys.iterator();

            while (it.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = (SelectionKey)it.next();
                it.remove();//After a key is processed, it is removed from the list of ready keys

                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                    System.out.println("Key is Acceptable");
                    ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
                    socket = (SocketChannel) ssc.accept();
                    socket.configureBlocking(false);

                    //this "another" key binds with a channel responsible for read and write -by zc
                    SelectionKey another = socket.register(sel,SelectionKey.OP_READ|SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
                }
                if (key.isReadable()) {
                    System.out.println("Key is readable");
                    String ret = readMessage(key);//从key对应的SocketChannel中读出字符串
                    if (ret.length() > 0) {
                        writeMessage(socket,ret);//将ret指向的文件中的内容写入socket指向的SocketChannel
                    }
                }
                if (key.isWritable()) {
                    System.out.println("THe key is writable");
                    String ret = readMessage(key);//从key对应的SocketChannel中读出字符串
                    socket = (SocketChannel)key.channel();
                    if (result.length() > 0 ) {
                        writeMessage(socket,ret);//将ret指向的文件中的内容写入socket指向的SocketChannel
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //将ret指向的文件中的内容写入socket指向的SocketChannel
    public void writeMessage(SocketChannel socket,String ret)
    {
        System.out.println("Inside the loop");

        if (ret.equals("quit") || ret.equals("shutdown")) {
            return;
        }
        File file = new File(ret);
        try
        {

            RandomAccessFile rdm = new RandomAccessFile(file,"r");
            FileChannel fc = rdm.getChannel();
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
            fc.read(buffer);
            buffer.flip();

            Charset set = Charset.forName("us-ascii");
            CharsetDecoder dec = set.newDecoder();
            CharBuffer charBuf = dec.decode(buffer);
            System.out.println(charBuf.toString());
            buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap((charBuf.toString()).getBytes());
            int nBytes = socket.write(buffer);
            System.out.println("nBytes = "+nBytes);
                result = null;
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    //从key对应的SocketChannel中读出字符串
    public String readMessage(SelectionKey key)
    {
        int nBytes = 0;
        socket = (SocketChannel)key.channel();
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        try
        {
            nBytes = socket.read(buf);
            buf.flip();
            Charset charset = Charset.forName("us-ascii");
            CharsetDecoder decoder = charset.newDecoder();
            CharBuffer charBuffer = decoder.decode(buf);
            result = charBuffer.toString();

        }
        catch(IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        NonBlockingServer nb = new NonBlockingServer();
        try
        {
            nb.startServer();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(-1);
        }

    }
}

Client.java

import java.nio.*;
import java.nio.channels.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.channels.spi.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;
import java.lang.*;


public class Client
{
    public SocketChannel client = null;
    public InetSocketAddress isa = null;
    public RecvThread rt = null;

    public Client() 
    {
    }

    public void makeConnection()
    {
        int result = 0;
        try
        {

            client = SocketChannel.open();
                isa = new InetSocketAddress("zhangchen-PC",4900);
            client.connect(isa);
            client.configureBlocking(false);
            receiveMessage();    
        }
        catch(UnknownHostException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch(IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        while ((result = sendMessage()) != -1)
        {
        }

        try
        {
            client.close();
            System.exit(0);
        }
        catch(IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public int sendMessage()
    {
        System.out.println("Inside SendMessage");
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        String msg = null;
        ByteBuffer bytebuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        int nBytes = 0;
        try
        {
            msg = in.readLine();
            System.out.println("msg is "+msg);
            bytebuf = ByteBuffer.wrap(msg.getBytes());
            nBytes = client.write(bytebuf);
            System.out.println("nBytes is "+nBytes);
            if (msg.equals("quit") || msg.equals("shutdown")) {
                System.out.println("time to stop the client");
                interruptThread();
                try
                {
                    Thread.sleep(5000);
                }
                catch(Exception e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                client.close();
                return -1;
            }

        }
        catch(IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("Wrote "+nBytes +" bytes to the server");
        return nBytes;
    }

    public void receiveMessage()
    {
        rt = new RecvThread("Receive THread",client);
        rt.start();

    }

    public void interruptThread()
    {
        rt.val = false;
    }

    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        Client cl = new Client();
        cl.makeConnection();
    }

    public class RecvThread extends Thread
    {
        public SocketChannel sc = null;
        public boolean val = true;

        public RecvThread(String str,SocketChannel client)
        {
            super(str);
            sc = client;
        }

        public void run() {

            System.out.println("Inside receivemsg");
            int nBytes = 0;
            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(2048);
            try
            {
                while (val)
                {
                    while ( (nBytes = nBytes = client.read(buf)) > 0){
                        buf.flip();
                        //Flips this buffer. 
                        //The limit is set to the current position and then the position is set to zero. 
                        //If the mark is defined then it is discarded. 


                        Charset charset = Charset.forName("us-ascii");
                        CharsetDecoder decoder = charset.newDecoder();
                        CharBuffer charBuffer = decoder.decode(buf);
                        String result = charBuffer.toString();
                                    System.out.println(result);
                        buf.flip();

                    }
                }

            }
            catch(IOException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();

            }


        }
    }
}

运行结果如图：