标签：
hepatitis [,hep?‘ta?t?s]肝炎 107
antigen [‘ænt?d??n]抗原，any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies)
antibody抗体
Antibodies are substances that a person‘s or an animal‘s body produces in their blood in order to destroy substances that carry disease.
hbsag [免疫] 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（hepatitis B surface antigen） 19
anti-hbs abbr. 抗乙型肝炎表面抗原的抗体（antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen） 19
dose 剂量 17
administered 被注射 16
anti-hbc Hepatitis B core Antibody核心抗体 15
hemodialysis [,hi?m?da?‘æl?s?s]血液透析 11
hemo血液[‘hemo?]
dialysis （医）透析[?da??æl?s?s]
presence 存在 10
aged （形容词，动词）老化 9
booster 增加器 7
booster doses of Hepatitis B vaccine
？？？travelers 6
serologic [,si?r?‘l?d?ik]血清学的 6
serology[s??‘r?l?d??] 血清学
？？？schedule 6
immunocompromised [,imjun?u‘k?mpr?maizd] 免疫功能不全的 6
unable to develop a normal immune response usually because of malnutrition or immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive therapy
？？？settings 5
fluids [‘flu??d]液体，流动 5
transmit 传输 4
susceptible [s?‘sept?b(?)l]易得病的人 ，易受影响的 4
If you are susceptible to a disease or injury, you are very likely to be affected by it
prevalence 流行，患病率 4
practices规范 4
postvaccination 疫苗后 4
？？？ongoing 4
hbsag-positive HBV表面抗原阳性 4
？？？committee 4
？？？advisory 4
transmission 传递，传送 3
？？？single-antigen 3
serum [ ‘s??r?m] 血清 3
schedules 3
protein [‘pr??ti?n]蛋白质 3
perinatal [,per?‘ne?t(?)l] 出生前后的 3
interpretation [?nt??pr?‘te??(?)n]解释，翻译 3
intermediate 中介，媒体 3
end-stage 晚期的 3
viral 病毒的 6
cirrhosis [s?‘r??s?s]肝硬化 3
is a disease which destroys a person‘s liver and which can kill them. It is often caused by drinking too much alcohol.
antiviral 抗病毒剂 [ænt?‘va?r(?)l] 3
incubation period潜伏期
onset 开始 5
The incubation period from the time of exposure to onset of symptoms is 6 weeks to 6 months
hepatocellular肝细胞的[,hep?t?u‘seljul?]
carcinoma 癌，肿瘤[,kɑ?s?‘n??m?]
hepatocellular carcinoma （缩写HCC）肝癌
genotype 14
基因型[‘d?en?ta?p; ‘d?i?n-]
a group of organisms sharing a specific genetic constitution
genome 12
[‘d?i?n??m]基因组，染色体组
a genome is the particular number and arrangement of chromosomes within the cells of an organism such as an animal or plant that distinguishes it from other types of organism. 基因组
chromosome 染色体[‘kr??m?s??m]
a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
subtype 亚型 10
strand [strænd]线 6
a strand of DNA 一个DNA链，double-stranded 双链 3
polymerase 多聚酶 [‘p?l?m?re?z; p?‘l?m?re?z] 5
an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA
virion [‘v?r??n]病毒粒子，病毒体 4
N a virus in infective form, consisting of an RNA particle within a protein covering
？？？strains 4
envelope 包膜 4
envelope virus 有包膜病毒 ; 膜病毒
transcription [træn‘skr?p??n]转录 3
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA
orthohepadnavirus 正噬肝病毒 3
nucleus 细胞核 [‘nju?kl??s] 3
non-coding 3
mrna 3
信使核糖核酸（Messenger RNA）
the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell
interval 间隔 3
clade /kle?d/ 3
N a group of organisms considered as having evolved from a common ancestor (进化)分支
covalently共价的
Nucleotide核 苷酸 ，一类由嘌呤碱或嘧啶碱、核糖或脱氧核糖以及磷酸三种物质组成的化合物。又称核甙酸。戊糖与有机碱合成核苷，核苷与磷酸合成核苷酸，4种核苷酸组成核酸。 核苷酸主要参与构成核酸，许多单核苷酸也具有多种重要的生物学功能，如与能量代谢有关的三磷酸腺苷（ATP）、脱氢辅酶等。
Hepadnaviridae嗜肝DNA病毒
viridae病毒科
Orthohepadnavirus, 又称正肝病毒属; 代表种：乙型肝炎病毒
Avihepadnavirus（avian hepadnavirus）, 又称禽肝病毒属；代表种：鸭乙型肝炎病毒（Duck Hepatitis B virus，DHBV)
avian 鸟类的
open reading frame（ORF开放区）
(cccDNA)：covalently closed circular DNA 共价闭合环形DNA
occult [?‘k?lt] 隐蔽的 41
OBI（occult HBV infection）隐匿性乙肝病毒感染
presence of HBV DNA without HBsAg
donor 捐赠者[‘d??n?; -n??]
(medicine) someone who gives blood or tissue or an organ to be used in another person (the host) 35
blood donor 献血者
donation捐赠
recipients 接受者 [ri‘sipi?nt] 21
a person who gets something
donor-recipient
transfusion [trænz‘fj???n]输血 18
the introduction of blood or blood plasma into a vein血管 or artery动脉
screening 审查 18
screening for transfusion 输血筛选
screening of blood donors
blood screening 血液筛选
Implementation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in routine screening of blood donors in the early 1970s has greatly enhanced transfusion safety.
infectivity 传染性 15
assays [?‘se?; ‘æse?]化验 14
HBV DNA amplification assay乙肝病毒DNA扩增分析
candotti (一位研究员人名) 10
？？？obis 8
iu/ml 7
？？？endemic [en‘dem?k] 7
？？？conducted 7
transplantation (器官) 移植 6
an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient)
Blood screening is vital to prevent infection through transfusion and organtransplantation.
residual [r?‘z?dj??l]残余 6
overt 明显的 5
molecular [m?‘lekj?l?]分子的 5
molecule [‘m?l?kju?l] 分子
marker 标记 5
？？？carrying 5
？？？post-transfusion 4
nucleic 核的 4
immunocompetent 免疫活性的 4
capable of developing an immune response following exposure to an antigen
？？？gerlich 4
diagnostic [da??g‘n?st?k]诊断的 4
diagnosis [,da??g‘n??s?s]诊断 4
？？？carriage 4
amplification [,æmpl?f?‘ke???n] 放大 4
？？？addition 4
absence 缺乏 4
viremia [vai‘ri:mi?] [医] 病毒血症 3
the presence of a virus in the blood stream
variant (adj,n)不同的，变体 [‘ve?r??nt] 3
transfusion-transmitted 输血传播 3
specificity [,spes?‘f?s?t?] [免疫] 特异性3
sera 血清 (复数) [‘s??r?] 3
prophylaxis [医] 预防 [,pr?f?‘læks?s] 3
immunoprophylaxis免疫预防
the prevention of disease
peripheral [p?‘r?f(?)r(?)l]外围的，周边的adj，n 3
pathogenesis [,pæθ?(?)‘d?en?s?s] n. 发病机理 3
particles 物质，颗粒 3
novel 新的 3
novel immunoassay 新的免疫分析
median 中值，中位数 3
median of 5.8 years 平均5.8年
marrow [‘mær??]骨髓 3
isolated [‘a?s?le?t?d]分离的 3
？？？implementing 3
implementation 实行，执行 3
？？？hollinger 3
genomic [d?i?‘n??m?k]基因组的 3
extensively [ik‘stensivli] 广泛的 3
？？？dna-containing 3
clearance [‘kl??r(?)ns] 清除 3
carrier （病毒）携带者 3
biopsy [‘ba??ps?]活组织检查 3
amino <化>氨基的 [?‘mino] 3
window period” (WP)窗口期
hepatocyte肝细胞
defective interfering particles 缺陷性干扰颗粒
nucleic acid核酸
DNA----Deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids
whereas 然而，反之
基因有缺陷的病毒突变株，如细胞培养中接种大剂量病毒并连续传代，易感细胞被感染后只产生少量有感染性的病毒粒子，而大量病毒粒子的基因组不完全，通常无感染性，但能干扰亲代病毒的复制。
Humoral体液的[‘hju?m(?)r(?)l]
Humoral and cellular immune 体液和细胞免疫
integration of viral sequence病毒基因集成（综合）
pivotal 关键的
neonates[‘ni??(?)ne?t] 新生儿
ALT flare 突然性升高
erupt or intensify suddenly
fulminant爆发性的 hepatitis B
fulminant hepatitis B 爆发性乙肝
clinician 临床医生[kl?‘n??n]
contract 感染
As in highly endemic countries, the majority of infections are contracted perinatally or in early childhood;
approved 官方认可的 12
established by authority; given authoritative approval
preclinical [pri?‘kl?n?k(?)l] 临床前的；现出症状之前的潜伏期的 7
of or relating to the early phases of a disease when accurate diagnosis is not possible because symptoms of the disease have not yet appeared
inhibit [?n‘h?b?t] 抑制；禁止 7
to put down by force or authority
inhibitor [?n‘h?b?t?] n. [助剂] 抑制剂，抗化剂；抑制者 6
a substance that retards or stops an activity
tenofovir 5
是一种新型核苷酸类逆转录酶抑制剂可有效对抗多种病毒用于治疗病毒感染性疾病
？？？gilead 5
therapeutic [,θer?‘pju?t?k]（n/adj） 治疗剂，治疗学家 4
a medicine or therapy that cures disease or relieve pain
？？？foster 4
prodrug [‘pro,dr?ɡ] n. 前体药物，药物前体；前药 3
A prodrug is a medication that is initially administered to the body in an inactive (or less than fully active) form, and then becomes converted to its active form through the normal metabolic processes of the body.
interferon [生化][药] 干扰素 [,?nt?‘f??r?n] 3
N any of a family of proteins made by cells in response to virus infection that prevent the growth of the virus. Some interferons can prevent cell growth and have been tested for use in cancer therapy 干扰素
Mimic naturally-occurring, infection-fighting immune substances produced in the body
immuneglobulin 免疫球蛋白 3
免疫球蛋白可以分为IgG、IgA、IgM、IgD、IgE五类。
globulin 球蛋白[‘ɡl?bjulin]
N any of a group of simple proteins, including gamma globulin, that are generally insoluble in water but soluble in salt solutions and coagulated by heat 球蛋白
Immunomodulator免疫调制剂
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): A protein on the surface of HBV; it can be detected in high levels in serum during acute or chronic HBV infection. The presence of HBsAg indicates that the person is infectious. The body normally produces antibodies to HBsAg as part of the normal immune response to infection. HBsAg is the antigen used to make Hepatitis B vaccine.
Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs): The presence of anti-HBs is generally interpreted as indicating recovery and immunity from HBV infection. Anti-HBs also develops in a person who has been successfully vaccinated against Hepatitis B.
Total Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc): Appears at the onset of symptoms in acute Hepatitis B and persists for life. The presence of anti-HBc indicates previous or ongoing infection with HBV in an undefined time frame.
IgM antibody to Hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc): Positivity indicates recent infection with HBV (≤6 months). Its presence indicates acute infection.
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg): A secreted product of the nucleocapsid gene of HBV that is found in serum during acute and chronic Hepatitis B. Its presence indicates that the virus is replicating and the infected person has high levels of HBV.
Hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb or anti-HBe): Produced by the immune system temporarily during acute HBV infection or consistently during or after a burst in viral replication. Spontaneous conversion from e antigen to e antibody (a change known as seroconversion) is a predictor of long-term clearance of HBV in patients undergoing antiviral therapy and indicates lower levels of HBV.
由
中山大学达安基因股份有限公司开发的血液筛查荧光NAT系统，包括HBV,HCV和HIV三种高灵敏度荧光基因探针PCR试剂盒,拥有相应中国和香港专
利。达安在国内首先开发荧光基因探针PCR技术和试剂，产品质量达到国际水平。
HBV和HCV试剂盒已于1999年和2000年分别获得国家药品监督管理局（SDA）颁发的国家二类新药证书，
其中HBV试剂盒更是世界首份获得新药证书的荧光PCR试剂盒。2010年血源筛查HBV、HCV、HIV-1病毒核酸检测试剂盒（PCR-荧光探针法）
取得新药证书。
达安荧光NAT系统，采用了磁珠法提取系统和高灵敏的荧光基因探针PCR系统，在全自动的实时荧光基因探针PCR仪上实现自动化扩增、检测，灵敏度达到
国际领先水平。适合于血样的Pooling检测，血样的Pooling检测是比较经济合理的方案，样本可为血清或血浆。
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/biopy/p/4480318.html
