阅读程序“简单C++学生信息管理系统”,找出其中出现构造函数、友元函数、运算符重载、静态数成员语法现象出现的位置,仔细体会其用法,在以后的设计中能够灵活应用有关方法和技巧。
#include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; #define MAX 100 class CDate // 定义日期类 { private: unsigned short int year; // 年 unsigned short int month; // 月 unsigned short int day; // 日 public: CDate(int y=0,int m=0,int d=0); bool operator < (CDate d); friend istream & operator >> (istream &in,CDate &d); friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &out,CDate &d); friend bool CheckValid(CDate d); friend bool LeapYear(int year); void SetDate(int y,int m,int d); }; CDate::CDate(int y,int m,int d):year(y),month(m),day(d) {} // 设置日期 void CDate::SetDate(int y,int m,int d) { year=y; month=m; day=d; } // 重载输入运算符>> istream &operator>>(istream &in,CDate &d) { char ch1,ch2; cout<<"请输入日期(输入格式:YYYY-MM-DD):"; while(1) { cin>>d.year>>ch1>>d.month>>ch2>>d.day; if (ch1=='-' && ch2=='-') if (CheckValid(d)) break; cerr<<"时间格式或取值不正确! 请重新输入\n"; } return cin; } // 重载输出运算符<< ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,CDate &d) { out<<d.year<<"年"<<d.month<<"月"<<d.day<<"日"; return out; } // 判断日期d1<d2 bool CDate::operator < (CDate d) { if (year<d.year) return true; if (year>d.year) return false; if (month<d.month) return true; if (month>d.month) return false; if (day<d.day) return true; return false; } // 检查是否为闰年 bool LeapYear(int year) { if ((year%4==0 && year%100) || year%400==0) return true; return false; } // 检查日期合法性 bool CheckValid(CDate d) { int n; if (d.month<1 || d.month>12) return false; if (d.day<1) return false; n=31; switch(d.month) { case 2: if (LeapYear(d.year)) n=29; else n=28; break; case 4: case 6: case 9: case 11: n=30; break; } if (d.day>n) return false; return true; } class CStudent { private: char *name; // 姓名 bool sex; // 性别 CDate date; // 出生日期,类对象作数据成员 public: static int num; // 学生人数 CStudent(); void InputData(); friend void Sort(); // 排序 friend void FindName(); // 按姓名查询 friend void Statistic(); // 按性别统计 friend void Display(); // 显示全部信息 } stu[MAX]; int CStudent::num=0; CStudent::CStudent() {} // 输入信息 void CStudent::InputData() { int p; char s[41]; cout<<"请输入学生信息(NO."<<num<<"):\n"; cout<<"姓名:"; cin>>s; name=new char[strlen(s)+1]; strcpy(name,s); cout<<"性别(1-男,0-女):"; cin>>p; if (p) sex=true; else sex=false; cin>>date; cout<<endl; } // 排序 void Sort() { int i,j,p,num; char *tn; bool ts; CDate td; num=CStudent::num; for(i=1; i<num; i++) { p=i; for(j=i+1; j<=num; j++) if (stu[j].date<stu[p].date) p=j;//找到当前未排序元素中年龄最小的对象的下标 if (p==i) continue; //下面交换stu[i]和stu[p] tn=stu[i].name; stu[i].name=stu[p].name; stu[p].name=tn; ts=stu[i].sex; stu[i].sex=stu[p].sex; stu[p].sex=ts; td=stu[i].date; stu[i].date=stu[p].date; stu[p].date=td; } } // 按姓名查询 void FindName() { char name[41]; int i,num; cout<<"请输入姓名:"; cin>>name; num=CStudent::num; for(i=1; i<=num; i++) if (strcmp(stu[i].name,name)==0) break; if (i>num) { cout<<"查无此人!"<<endl<<endl; return; } //如果查到了,显示学生信息 cout<<"姓名:"<<stu[i].name<<endl; cout<<"性别:"; if (stu[i].sex) cout<<"男"<<endl; else cout<<"女"<<endl; cout<<"生日:"<<stu[i].date<<endl; cout<<endl; } // 按性别统计 void Statistic() { int i,num,s1,s0; num=CStudent::num; s1=0; s0=0; for(i=1; i<=num; i++) if (stu[i].sex==1) s1++; else s0++; cout<<"男生人数:"<<s1<<endl; cout<<"女生人数:"<<s0<<endl; cout<<endl; } // 显示全部信息 void Display() { int i,num; num=CStudent::num; for(i=1; i<=num; i++) { cout<<stu[i].name<<"\t"; if (stu[i].sex) cout<<"男"; else cout<<"女"; cout<<"\t"<<stu[i].date<<endl; } cout<<endl; } int main() { char *menu[]= { "","输入信息","排序","按姓名查询","按性别统计","显示全部信息","退出" }; int i,p; bool end; end=false; while(!end) { for(i=1; i<7; i++) cout<<i<<" "<<menu[i]<<endl; cin>>p; switch(p) { case 1: // 输入信息 CStudent::num++; stu[CStudent::num].InputData(); break; case 2: // 排序 Sort(); break; case 3: // 按姓名查询 FindName(); break; case 4: // 按性别统计人数 Statistic(); break; case 5: // 显示全部信息 Display(); break; case 6: // 退出 end=true; break; } } return 0; }
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/ljd939952281/article/details/45578345