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environment: already install xp,win7 and win8PE, left 87G space to install Debian, this space not format for any tpye.
Download Debian system image, and burn it to DVD, restart PC, almost press "next", but no network install, use the spare space to install, at last install the bootloader "GRUB"
when i finished this install, there will be some problem arise:
1.”xxx is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.” [用户权限未在配置文件sudoers中]
type “su -” and input your super user password
“chmod u+w /etc/sudoers” change file purview
gedit /etc/sudoers
add “copener ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL” below “root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL”
“chmod u-w /etc/sudoers” change file purview
2.when new install Debian, the network is not working properly,and type “ifconfig” at your terminal command, it will say:”command not found”.[此命令在sbin而不在bin中]
you can add “export PATH=$PATH:/sbin” at the end of “$HOME/.profile” to solve this problem.[通过修改环境变量让用户copener也可以用超级用户的程序ifconfig]
修改环境变量的方法有几个：
1、直接在shell里面exprot，例如：“export PATH=$PATH:/sbin”。此方法在重启后失效。
2、修改系统启动的配置文件/etc/profile，在末尾处增加一句“export PATH=$PATH:/sbin”。对所有用户有效
3、修改用户启动的配置文件$HOME/.bashrc，在末尾处增加一句“export PATH=$PATH:/sbin”。对本用户有效
可通过echo $PATH查看
3、刚安装的系统在vi文件后进入插入模式后键盘会出现不对应
$sudo gedit /etc/vim/virmc.tiny
打开virmc.tiny文件后找到 set compatible，把它改为 set nocompatible，并在它下一行增加set backspace=2，保存即可。设置了键盘为不兼容的模式。
4.configure network,”sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces”
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
later, reboot computer
5.when you type "sudo apt-get install XXX",it will search your DVD mount at /media/cdrom
how to mount your iso image file to cdrom?
sudo mount -o loop debian-7.6.0-i386-DVD-1.iso /media/cdrom
and later, i try to update and install, it works!
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vim
(some simle command: apt-get remove {package}; apt-get --purge remove {package}; apt-get upgrade )
6.ppp network
sudo apt-get install pppoeconf
sudo pppoeconf
when you configure those, the network is ready.
手动控制网络连接
要连接到你设置好的ADSL连接，在终端中输入：
sudo pon dsl-provider
要断开ADSL连接，在终端中输入：
sudo poff dsl-provider
7.wireless configure
check wireless module name.
#ifconfig -a
and if will list all network card, such as lo,eth0 and wlan0, but no information about wireless card .
#lsmod
list all the module in the system, but no information about wireless card.
#iwconfig
list some info about wireless card, but i didn‘t see the network card name.
#lsusb
list all usb device system connect, and i can find my wireless card chip name rt2870/t3070
now, i search for this driver at https://packages.debian.org/zh-tw/wheezy/firmware-ralink , download driver, and install it.
#dpkg -i firmware-ralink_0.36+wheezy.1_all.deb
#vim /etc/network/interface
configure wireless
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wireless-essid [ESSID]
wireless-psk [PASSWD]
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
#ifup wlan0
active wireless
#iwlist wlan0 scan
scan wireless
自己在interface中配置网络还是麻烦，例如不好切换。还是用network-manager来管理网络吧，很好用。需要注意的是，在interface中仅保留回环地址，否则network-manager不会接管。
目前能连接到wifi但是还不稳定
8.为终端打开添加系统全局快捷键ctrl+alt+T
系统设置，键盘，快捷键，自定义快捷键……gnome-terminal
9.update /etc/apt/sources.list
#cp sources.list sources.list_bak
#gedit sources.list\
input those sources address
# 网易163更新服务器：
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ squeeze-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
# sohu 更新服务器：
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/debian/ lenny main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/debian/ lenny-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/debian/ lenny main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/debian/ lenny-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
#apt-get update
#apt-get install apt-spy
#cp sources.list sources.list_bak
#apt-spy update
#apt-spy -d stable -a Asia
automaticly to update sources.list file
10.install and configure input method
卸载fcitx有关的组件然后安装ibus
sudo apt-get install ibus
sudo apt-get install ibus-table-wubi
还有一个开机自启动问题
安装im-switch然后sudo im-switch -c配置一下
把/etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/default备份一下再把ibus的拷贝为default
在$HOME/.bashrc里面添加：
export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
export QT_IM_MODULE=ibus
later reboot system
11.install xmind
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/COpener/p/4050431.html
