vs2013在图像处理中的应用（5）：3D显示

标签：vs2013   python   图像处理   

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http://blog.csdn.net/lights_joy/（QQ群：Visual EmbedLinux Tools 375515651）

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很久没有摸图像处理的东西了，近期刚好需要有此需求，希望能够有一个比较好用的开发环境。在学校的时候做图像处理一直用的是matlab，不过现在正好在做VELT的开发，尝试用vs2013+python构造一个适合于自己用的开发环境。

VTK主要用于三维计算机图形学、图像处理和可视化。

1.  安装vtk

VTK不能通过pip直接安装，但可以在网上找到一个安装包：

VTK-6.1.0-cp27-none-win32.whl

在windows命令行下安装：

C:\Python27\Scripts>pip install ..\VTK-6.1.0-cp27-none-win32.whl

Processing c:\python27\vtk-6.1.0-cp27-none-win32.whl

Installing collected packages: VTK

Successfully installed VTK-6.1.0

然后让PTVS更新一下IntelliSense。

2.  测试vtk

直接运行一遍VTK提供的示例：

#!/usr/bin/env python
 
# This simple example shows how to do basic rendering and pipeline
# creation.
 
import vtk
# The colors module defines various useful colors.
from vtk.util.colors import tomato
 
# This creates a polygonal cylinder model with eight circumferential
# facets.
cylinder = vtk.vtkCylinderSource()
cylinder.SetResolution(8)
 
# The mapper is responsible for pushing the geometry into the graphics
# library. It may also do color mapping, if scalars or other
# attributes are defined.
cylinderMapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
cylinderMapper.SetInputConnection(cylinder.GetOutputPort())
 
# The actor is a grouping mechanism: besides the geometry (mapper), it
# also has a property, transformation matrix, and/or texture map.
# Here we set its color and rotate it -22.5 degrees.
cylinderActor = vtk.vtkActor()
cylinderActor.SetMapper(cylinderMapper)
cylinderActor.GetProperty().SetColor(tomato)
cylinderActor.RotateX(30.0)
cylinderActor.RotateY(-45.0)
 
# Create the graphics structure. The renderer renders into the render
# window. The render window interactor captures mouse events and will
# perform appropriate camera or actor manipulation depending on the
# nature of the events.
ren = vtk.vtkRenderer()
renWin = vtk.vtkRenderWindow()
renWin.AddRenderer(ren)
iren = vtk.vtkRenderWindowInteractor()
iren.SetRenderWindow(renWin)
 
# Add the actors to the renderer, set the background and size
ren.AddActor(cylinderActor)
ren.SetBackground(0.1, 0.2, 0.4)
renWin.SetSize(200, 200)
 
# This allows the interactor to initalize itself. It has to be
# called before an event loop.
iren.Initialize()
 
# We‘ll zoom in a little by accessing the camera and invoking a "Zoom"
# method on it.
ren.ResetCamera()
ren.GetActiveCamera().Zoom(1.5)
renWin.Render()
 
# Start the event loop.
iren.Start()

显示了一个圆柱体：

搞定。

3.  关于TVTK

enthought.com开发了一套TVTK库对标准的VTK库进行包装，提供了Python风格的API、支持Trait属性和numpy的多维数组。

不过目前enthought似乎已经将TVTK变成了一个庞大的库，且大部分的内容并不是我们所需要的，因而放弃使用它。

4.  安装Mayavi

Mayavi2完全用Python编写，因此它不但是一个方便实用的可视化软件，而且可以方便地用Python编写扩展，嵌入到用户编写的Python程序中，或者直接使用其面向脚本的API：mlab快速绘制三维图。

mayavi直接用pip安装就可以了：

----- Installing ‘mayavi‘ -----
Collecting mayavi
  Downloading mayavi-4.4.1.tar.gz (8.0MB)
Collecting apptools (from mayavi)
  Downloading apptools-4.3.0.tar.gz (291kB)
Requirement already up-to-date: traits in c:\python27\lib\site-packages (from mayavi)
Requirement already up-to-date: traitsui in c:\python27\lib\site-packages (from mayavi)
Collecting configobj (from apptools->mayavi)
  Downloading configobj-5.0.6.tar.gz
Requirement already up-to-date: pyface in c:\python27\lib\site-packages (from traitsui->mayavi)
Requirement already up-to-date: six in c:\python27\lib\site-packages (from configobj->apptools->mayavi)
Installing collected packages: configobj, apptools, mayavi
  Running setup.py install for configobj
  Running setup.py install for apptools
  Running setup.py install for mayavi
Successfully installed apptools-4.3.0 configobj-5.0.6 mayavi-4.4.1
----- Successfully installed ‘mayavi‘ -----

再让PTVS更新一下IntelliSense就可以了。

5.  测试Mayavi

用一段简单的脚本测试一下：

import numpy as np
from mayavi import mlab

x, y = np.ogrid[-2:2:20j, -2:2:20j]
z = x * np.exp( - x**2 - y**2)

pl = mlab.surf(x, y, z, warp_scale="auto")
mlab.axes(xlabel=‘x‘, ylabel=‘y‘, zlabel=‘z‘)
mlab.outline(pl)
mlab.show()

显示了一个很漂亮的曲面：

6.  安装vpython

vpython是Python的一个简单易用的3D图形库，使用它可以快速创建3D场景、动画。和TVTK相比它更加适合于创建交互式的3D场景，而TVTK则更加适合于数据的3D图形化显示。

vpython无法直接从pip安装，只能到

http://vpython.org/contents/download_windows.html

下载安装包。

7.  测试vpython

写个简单的代码测试一下：

from visual import *

floor = box (pos=(0,0,0), length=4, height=0.5, width=4, color=color.blue)
ball = sphere (pos=(0,4,0), radius=1, color=color.red)
ball.velocity = vector(0,-1,0)
dt = 0.01

while 1:
    rate (100)
    ball.pos = ball.pos + ball.velocity*dt
    if ball.y < ball.radius:
        ball.velocity.y = abs(ball.velocity.y)
    else:
        ball.velocity.y = ball.velocity.y - 9.8*dt

结果就是这样的：

vs2013在图像处理中的应用（5）：3D显示

标签：vs2013   python   图像处理   

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/lights_joy/article/details/45728023