Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel 操作 Excel

时间：2015-06-01 22:07:34 阅读：139 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

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Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel类库用于操作Excel，提供了丰富的类和函数，功能非常强大.

第一部分：类库简介

引用命名空间

using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;

1，在使用类库之前，先总结以下几个类的用法

Application：Excel应用程序类，是Excel的引擎，new 一个实例。

Excel.Application excelApp = new Excel.Application();

Workbooks：Excel引擎打开的工作簿集，一个Excel引擎能够打开多个Excel 工作簿，每一个Excel 工作簿就是就是单独的Excel文档。

Excel.Workbooks wbs = excelApp.Workbooks;

Workbook：Excel引擎的一个工作簿，每一个Excel 工作簿就是就是单独的Excel文档，在工作簿上有多个sheet。

//Create New Workbook
Excel.Workbook wb = wbs.Add(true);

//Open existing excel
Excel.Workbook wb = wbs.Add(strExcelPath);

Excel.Workbookwb = wbs.Open(strExcelPath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
                Excel.XlPlatform.xlWindows, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing
                , Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

Worksheets：一个Workbook上的所有sheet的集合

Excel.Worksheets wss = (Excel.Worksheets)wb.Worksheets;

Excel.Worksheets wss = (Excel.Worksheets)wb.Sheets;

Worksheet：Workbook里的一个sheet，sheet的索引是从1开始的。

Excel.Worksheet wst = wss[1];
Excel.Worksheet wst = wb.Sheets.get_Item(1);

在一个Worksheet里，有Cell，Row，Column，Range，每一个Cell是由 row index 和 Column index 唯一定位的;Worksheet中的Cell还可以由字符串来唯一标识，比如“A1”，“N5”，字符表示的列名，数字表示的行号。

wst.Cells[1,1]

Range：是sheet中Cell的集合，这个集合是矩形的，由左上角和右下角的cell确定一个Range，并且每一个Cell，其实也是一个Range

Excel.Range range3 = wst.Cells[1, 1];
Excel.Range range1 = wst.get_Range("A1", "B2");
Excel.Range range2 = wst.get_Range(wst.Cells[1, 1], wst.Cells[2, 2]);

虽然Worksheet中有row和column的概念，但是并没有实际的类，可以通过Range来获取worksheet中已经使用的行和列的数目

int iRowCount = wst.UsedRange.Rows.Count;
int iColumncount = wst.UsedRange.Columns.Count;

每一个Cell存储的数据，除了value之外，还有Style，Font，Formula等，可以通过Cell来绘制丰富多彩的Excel文档，也能对Cell进行合并，在这里，笔者只关注value的提取和设置。

string strGetValue = range3.Value.ToString();
range3.Value = "New String";

2，Workbook操作

2.1 新建一个Workbook

Workbooks.Add(Object Template)

Creates a new workbook. The new workbook becomes the active workbook. Returns a Workbook object.

参数 Template ：Optional Object. Determines how the new workbook is created. If this argument is a string specifying the name of an existing Microsoft Excel file, the new workbook is created with the specified file as a template. If this argument is a constant, the new workbook contains a single sheet of the specified type. Can be one of the following XlWBATemplate constants: xlWBATChart, xlWBATExcel4IntlMacroSheet, xlWBATExcel4MacroSheet, or xlWBATWorksheet. If this argument is omitted, Microsoft Excel creates a new workbook with a number of blank sheets (the number of sheets is set by the SheetsInNewWorkbook property).

Excel.Workbook wb = wbs.Add(ture);

2.2 打开一个已经存在的Workbook

Excel.Workbook wb = wbs.Open(strExcelPath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
                Excel.XlPlatform.xlWindows, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing
                , Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

3，Worksheet操作

3.1 获取一个Worksheet

 Excel.Worksheet wst = wss[1];
 Excel.Worksheet wst = wb.Sheets.get_Item(1);

3.2 创建一个Worksheet

wst = wb.Worksheets.Add(Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
wst = wb.Sheets.Add(Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

3.3 删除一个Wroksheet

wb.Worksheets[1].Delete();

4, Excel 引擎的退出

Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll 这个类在操作Excel的时候，会创建一个Microsoft Excel process，可以通过Task manager 查看，在程序中关闭Excel应用之后，还必须 kill 这个excel process。

第二部分：示例代码

        public static void TestCreateExcel()
        {
            string strExcelPath = @"D:\test.xlsx";
            Excel.Application excelApp = new Excel.Application();

            Excel.Workbooks wbs = excelApp.Workbooks;

            Excel.Workbook wb = wbs.Add(true);

            Excel.Worksheet wst = wb.Worksheets.Add(Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
            wst.Name = "sheet_new_name";

            for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 1; j < 10; j++)
                {
                    Excel.Range range = wst.Cells[i, j];
                    range.Value = i.ToString() + "_" + j.ToString();
                }
            }

            wb.SaveAs(strExcelPath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
                    Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
            CloseExcel(excelApp, wb);
        }

        public static void TestOpenExcel()
        {
            string strExcelPath = @"D:\test.xlsx";
            Excel.Application excelApp = new Excel.Application();

            Excel.Workbooks wbs = excelApp.Workbooks;

            Excel.Workbook wb = wbs.Open(strExcelPath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing
                    , Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

            Excel.Worksheet wst = wb.Worksheets[1];

            for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 1; j < 10; j++)
                {
                    Excel.Range range = wst.Cells[i, j];
                    Console.Write(range.Value + "   ");
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
            }

            CloseExcel(excelApp, wb);
        }

        public static class KillMyExcelProcess
        {
            [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
            public static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, out int ID);
            public static void Kill(Excel.Application excel)
            {
                try
                {
                    IntPtr t = new IntPtr(excel.Hwnd);   //得到这个句柄，具体作用是得到这块内存入口 

                    int k = 0;

                    GetWindowThreadProcessId(t, out k);   //得到本进程唯一标志k

                    System.Diagnostics.Process p = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(k);   //得到对进程k的引用

                    p.Kill();     //关闭进程k
                }

                catch (System.Exception ex)
                {
                    throw ex;
                }
            }
        }

        public static void CloseExcel(Excel.Application ExcelApplication, Excel.Workbook ExcelWorkbook)
        {
            ExcelWorkbook.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

            ExcelWorkbook = null;

            ExcelApplication.Quit();

            GC.Collect();

            KillMyExcelProcess.Kill(ExcelApplication);
        }

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace TExcel.OpCls
{
    public class OpExcel
    {
        public void UpdateExcelColumnNameSimplify()
        {
            Excel.Application excelApp = null;
            Excel.Workbook xlsWorkBook = null;
            try
            {
                string strPath = @"C:\ExcelFile\test.xlsx";

                //设置程序运行的环境
                System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
                System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");

                //创建Application
                excelApp = new Excel.Application();

                //设置是否显示警告窗体
                excelApp.DisplayAlerts = false;

                //设置是否显示Excel
                excelApp.Visible = false;

                //禁止刷新屏幕
                excelApp.ScreenUpdating = false;

                //根据路径path打开
                xlsWorkBook = excelApp.Workbooks.Open(strPath, System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing,
                    System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing,
                    System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing, System.Type.Missing);

                //获取Worksheet对象
                Excel.Worksheet xlsWorkSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)xlsWorkBook.Worksheets["sheet1"];

                int colsCount = 10;
                for (int i = 1; i < colsCount; i++)
                {
                    Excel.Range rc = (Excel.Range)xlsWorkSheet.Cells[1, i];
                    if (rc.Value != null)
                    {
                        rc.Value = rc.Value.ToString().Trim();
                    }
                }

                xlsWorkSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)xlsWorkBook.Worksheets["sheet2"];
                for (int i = 1; i < colsCount; i++)
                {
                    Excel.Range rc = (Excel.Range)xlsWorkSheet.Cells[1, i];
                    if (rc.Value != null)
                    {
                        rc.Value = rc.Value.ToString().Trim();
                    }
                }

                xlsWorkBook.Save();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw (ex);
            }
            finally
            {
                CloseExcel(excelApp, xlsWorkBook);
            }
        }

        public class KillMyExcelProcess
        {
            [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

            public static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, out int ID);

            public static void Kill(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application excel)
            {
                try
                {
                    IntPtr t = new IntPtr(excel.Hwnd);   //得到这个句柄，具体作用是得到这块内存入口 

                    int k = 0;

                    GetWindowThreadProcessId(t, out k);   //得到本进程唯一标志k

                    System.Diagnostics.Process p = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(k);   //得到对进程k的引用

                    p.Kill();     //关闭进程k
                }
                catch (System.Exception ex)
                {
                    throw ex;
                }
            }
        }

        public void CloseExcel(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application ExcelApplication, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook ExcelWorkbook)
        {
            ExcelWorkbook.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

            ExcelWorkbook = null;

            ExcelApplication.Quit();

            GC.Collect();

            KillMyExcelProcess.Kill(ExcelApplication);
        }
    }
}

示例代码中，关于闭Excel和Kill Excel的进程的代码是从千年寒冰博客中复制的，原文地址：

http://www.cnblogs.com/qqnnhhbb/p/3601844.html

Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel 操作 Excel

标签：

原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/ljhdo/p/4539172.html

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