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相信每个学习Linux的人都知道Makefile，这是一个很有用的东西，但是编写它是比较复杂，今天介绍一个它的自动生成工具，autotools的使用。很多GNULinux的的软件都是用它生成Makefile的，包括我们非常熟悉的Linux内核源代码。
1、准备:
需要工具
autoscan
aclocal
autoheader
automake
autoconf
auto make
在终端敲入命令，哪个没有安装哪个，一般是第一个autoscan没有，其它的我用的Ubuntu10.04下全部都有
2、测试程序编写：
建立目录：mkdir include src
编写程序：include/str.h
- #include <stdio.h>
- int str(char *string);
编写程序：src/str.c
- #include "str.h"
- int str(char *string){
- printf("\n----PRINT STRING----\n\"%s\"\n",string);
- return 0;
- }
-
- int main(int argc , char **argv){
- char str_read[1024];
- printf("Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]\n");
- scanf("%s",str_read);
- return str(str_read );
- }
-
-
3、生成configure.ac
configure.ac是automake的输入文件，所以必须先生成该文件。
执行命令：
- [root@localhost str]# ls
- include src
- [root@localhost str]# autoscan
- autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory
- autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1
- [root@localhost str]# ls
- autoscan.log configure.scan include src
- [root@localhost str]# cp configure.scan configure.ac
修改 configure.ac
- # -*- Autoconf -*-
- # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-
- AC_PREREQ(2.59)
- AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
- AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])
- AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])
-
- # Checks for programs.
- AC_PROG_CC
-
- # Checks for libraries.
-
- # Checks for header files.
-
- # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
-
- # Checks for library functions.
- AC_OUTPUT
修改
- AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
改为：
- AC_INIT(str,0.0.1, [bug@sounos.org])
其中：FULL-PACKAGE-NAME 为程序名称，VERSION为当前版本， BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS为bug汇报地址
然后添加两句话：
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
结果如下：（两句话不是在一起的）
- # -*- Autoconf -*-
- # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-
- AC_PREREQ(2.59)
- #AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
- AC_INIT(str, 0.0.1, [bug@sounos.org])
- AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
- AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])
- AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])
-
- # Checks for programs.
- AC_PROG_CC
-
- # Checks for libraries.
-
- # Checks for header files.
-
- # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
-
- # Checks for library functions.
- AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
- AC_OUTPUT
4、执行aclocal
- [root@localhost str]# aclocal
- /usr/share/aclocal/libfame.m4:6: warning: underquoted definition of AM_PATH_LIBFAME
- run info ‘(automake)Extending aclocal‘
- or see http:
5、制作Makefile.am
- [root@localhost str]# vi Makefile.am
- #Makefile.am
- bin_PROGRAMS = str
- str_SOURCES = include/str.h src/str.c
- str_CPPFLAGS = -I include/
automake 这个命令需要用到这个配置文件。各个选项意思比较直观，不多说。
6、autoheader
- [root@localhost str]# autoheader
7、automake必须文件：
- * install-sh
- * missing
- * INSTALL
- * NEWS
- * README
- * AUTHORS
- * ChangeLog
- * COPYING
- * depcomp
其中，以下文件在执行automake -a的时候会自动生成
- * install-sh
- * missing
- * INSTALL
- * COPYING
- * depcomp
所以，接下来手动生成剩下的文件
- [root@localhost str]# touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog
8、执行automake -a
- [root@localhost str]# automake -a
- configure.ac: installing `./install-sh‘
- configure.ac: installing `./missing‘
- Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL‘
- Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING‘
- Makefile.am: installing `./compile‘
- Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp‘
9、autoconf
- [root@localhost str]# autoconf
- [root@localhost str]# ls
- aclocal.m4 autoscan.log config.h.in configure.scan include Makefile.am NEWS
- AUTHORS ChangeLog configure COPYING INSTALL Makefile.in README
- autom4te.cache compile configure.ac depcomp install-sh missing src
10、执行测试：
执行./configure
- [root@localhost str]# ./configure --prefix=/u
- checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
- checking whether build environment is sane... yes
- checking for gawk... gawk
- checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
- checking for gcc... gcc
- checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
- checking whether the C compiler works... yes
- checking whether we are cross compiling... no
- checking for suffix of executables...
- checking for suffix of object files... o
- checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
- checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
- checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
- checking for style of include used by make... GNU
- checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
- configure: creating ./config.status
- config.status: creating Makefile
- config.status: creating config.h
- config.status: config.h is unchanged
- config.status: executing depfiles commands
执行 make
- [root@localhost str]# make
- make all-am
- make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str‘
- if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -I include/ -g -O2 -MT str-str.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/str-str.Tpo" -c -o str-str.o `test -f ‘src/str.c‘ || echo ‘./‘`src/str.c; \
- then mv -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo" ".deps/str-str.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
- gcc -g -O2 -o str str-str.o
- make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str‘
此时已经生成了 str（可执行文件名字在前面设置Makefile.am的参数时候去顶）这个，可以通过./str直接看到运行结果
- [root@localhost str]# ./str
- Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]
- abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd
-
- ----PRINT STRING----
- "abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd"
不过这里我们都做一步，把它安装到系统里面，这样我们只要在终端输入str就可以运行程序了。
执行 make install：
- [root@localhost str]# make install
- make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str‘
- test -z "/u/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/u/bin"
- /usr/bin/install -c ‘str‘ ‘/u/bin/str‘
- make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am‘.
- make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str‘
接下来你可以make clean 清除安装的那些.o 文件了。
这样生成了一个自动的Makefile。
Makefile自动生成工具-----autotools的使用（详细）,布布扣,bubuko.com
Makefile自动生成工具-----autotools的使用（详细）
标签：style class blog http tar ext
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/lidabo/p/3805864.html
