STL源码剖析(２)：内存基本处理工具

内存基本处理工具：
　　STL有五个全局函数，作用于未初始化空间上，它们分别是：construct(), destroy(), uninialized_copy(), uninialized_fill()和uninialized_fill_n()。
　　前两个函数前面文章有介绍，下面介绍后三个函数。

　　uninitialized_copy()使我们能够将内存的配置与对象的构造行为分离开来。如果作为输出目的地的[result, result+(last-first))范围内的每一个迭代器都指向未初始化区域，则uninitialized_copy()会使用copy construct,为身为输入来源[first, last)范围内的每一个对象产生一份复制品，放进输出范围中。
　　如果你需要初始化一个容器的话，这个函数很有用。通过用两步完成：
　　1）配置内存区块，足以包含范围内所有元素；
　　2）使用uninitizlied_copy,在该内存区块上构造元素。

　　c++标准还规定uninitialized_copy()具有”commit or rollback”功能。要么构造出所有元素，要么不构造任何东西，不能存在半构造状态。

　　在uninitialized_copy()内调用了一个内部的实现函数__uninitialized_copy()，利用编译器的类型推导功能，萃取迭代器的指向对象的类型。来看代码：

template <class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator>
inline ForwardIterator 
__uninitialized_copy_aux(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                         ForwardIterator result,
                         __true_type) {
  return copy(first, last, result);
}

template <class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator>
ForwardIterator 
__uninitialized_copy_aux(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                         ForwardIterator result,
                         __false_type) {
  ForwardIterator cur = result;
  __STL_TRY {
    for ( ; first != last; ++first, ++cur)
      construct(&*cur, *first);
    return cur;
  }
  __STL_UNWIND(destroy(result, cur));
}


template <class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator, class T>
inline ForwardIterator
__uninitialized_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                     ForwardIterator result, T*) {
  typedef typename __type_traits<T>::is_POD_type is_POD;
  return __uninitialized_copy_aux(first, last, result, is_POD());
}

template <class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator>
inline ForwardIterator
  uninitialized_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                     ForwardIterator result) {
  return __uninitialized_copy(first, last, result, value_type(result));
}

inline char* uninitialized_copy(const char* first, const char* last,
                                char* result) {
  memmove(result, first, last - first);
  return result + (last - first);
}

inline wchar_t* uninitialized_copy(const wchar_t* first, const wchar_t* last,
                                   wchar_t* result) {
  memmove(result, first, sizeof(wchar_t) * (last - first));
  return result + (last - first);
}

　　这里的POD 意指 Plain Old Data，也就是标量型别(scalar types)或传统的 C struct 型别。POD 型别必然拥有 trivial ctor/dtor/copy/assignment函数。

　　
　　uninitialized_fill()，uninitialized_copy()，uninitialized_fill_n()差不多的，举一反三。 三者都具有”commit or rollback”语意。

　　uninitialized_fill：

template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
inline void
__uninitialized_fill_aux(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, 
                         const T& x, __true_type)
{
  fill(first, last, x);
}

template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
void
__uninitialized_fill_aux(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, 
                         const T& x, __false_type)
{
  ForwardIterator cur = first;
  __STL_TRY {
    for ( ; cur != last; ++cur)
      construct(&*cur, x);
  }
  __STL_UNWIND(destroy(first, cur));
}

template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class T1>
inline void __uninitialized_fill(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, 
                                 const T& x, T1*) {
  typedef typename __type_traits<T1>::is_POD_type is_POD;
  __uninitialized_fill_aux(first, last, x, is_POD());

}

template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
inline void uninitialized_fill(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, 
                               const T& x) {
  __uninitialized_fill(first, last, x, value_type(first));
}

　　uninitialized_fill_n：

template <class ForwardIterator, class Size, class T>
inline ForwardIterator
__uninitialized_fill_n_aux(ForwardIterator first, Size n,
                           const T& x, __true_type) {
  return fill_n(first, n, x);
}

template <class ForwardIterator, class Size, class T>
ForwardIterator
__uninitialized_fill_n_aux(ForwardIterator first, Size n,
                           const T& x, __false_type) {
  ForwardIterator cur = first;
  __STL_TRY {
    for ( ; n > 0; --n, ++cur)
      construct(&*cur, x);
    return cur;
  }
  __STL_UNWIND(destroy(first, cur));
}

template <class ForwardIterator, class Size, class T, class T1>
inline ForwardIterator __uninitialized_fill_n(ForwardIterator first, Size n,
                                              const T& x, T1*) {
  typedef typename __type_traits<T1>::is_POD_type is_POD;
  return __uninitialized_fill_n_aux(first, n, x, is_POD());

}

template <class ForwardIterator, class Size, class T>
inline ForwardIterator uninitialized_fill_n(ForwardIterator first, Size n,
                                            const T& x) {
  return __uninitialized_fill_n(first, n, x, value_type(first));
}