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场景简介：
物理copy表空间数据文件，数据库发生完全检查点，删除该表空间下的数据文件，使该表空间数据文件头的scn与其他数据文件不一致。
场景构造：
1、 创建测试表空间
SYS@orser> create tablespace bbed datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf‘ size 10M autoextend on;
Tablespace created
2、 物理cp数据文件（最好先做备份）
[oracle@orser orser]$ cp bbed01.dbf bbed01.dbf.bak
3、 数据库发生检查点这
SYS@orser> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
4、 删除数据文件
[oracle@orser orser]$ rm -rf bbed01.dbf
5、 cp之间备份的数据文件
[oracle@orser orser]$ cp bbed01.dbf.bak bbed01.dbf
6、 一致性关闭数据库报错
SYS@orser> shutdown immediate
ORA-01122: database file 7 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 7: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf‘
ORA-01208: data file is an old version - not accessing current version
解决方案：
查询各个数据文件头scn，该数据文件头scn会低于其他数据文件scn，使用bbed修改数据文件头中的scn使该文件头scn与其他文件相同。
解决方法：
1、 数据库启动到mount状态
SYS@orser> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 640286720 bytes
Fixed Size 1346840 bytes
Variable Size 566231784 bytes
Database Buffers 67108864 bytes
Redo Buffers 5599232 bytes
Database mounted.
2、 查看各个数据文件的scn
SYS@orser> select file#,checkpoint_change#,name from v$datafile_header;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# NAME
---------- ------------------ --------------------------------------------------
1 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/system01.dbf
2 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/sysaux01.dbf
3 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/undotbs01.dbf
4 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/users01.dbf
5 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/index01.dbf
6 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/orser01.dbf
7 5205966 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf
9 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/iot01.dbf
10 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/example01.dbf
9 rows selected.
可以看出bbed01数据文件头scn要小于其他数据文件头scn所以现在无法启动数据库。
3、 更新bbed的listfile文件
可以通过 select file#,name,bytes from v$datafile; 获取listfile信息
[oracle@orser lib]$ vim filelist.txt
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/system01.dbf 786432000
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/sysaux01.dbf 796917760
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/undotbs01.dbf 791674880
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/users01.dbf 5242880
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/index01.dbf 52428800
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/orser01.dbf 209715200
7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf 10485760
9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/iot01.dbf 104857600
10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/example01.dbf 104857600
4、 用bbed查询bbed01数据文件结构信息
BBED> set dba 7,1
DBA 0x01c00001 (29360129 7,1)
BBED> map
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf (7)
Block: 1 Dba:0x01c00001
------------------------------------------------------------
Data File Header
struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0
ub4 tailchk @8188
5、 Bbed查看kcvfh信息
BBED> p kcvfh
struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0
……………………………………………省略部分信息………………………………………………
(KCVFHOFZ)
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x004f6fce
ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32c5916c
ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001
union u, 12 bytes @500
struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500
ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x00000093
ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x00000045
ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010
ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02
ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x00000004
ub4 kcvfhrts @144 0x00000000
ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x00000003
struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @152
ub4 kscnbas @152 0x00000000
ub2 kscnwrp @156 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @160 0x00000000
ub2 kcvcpthr @164 0x0000
…………………………………省略部分信息………………………………………..
struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes @420
ub4 kscnbas @420 0x003a40e3
ub2 kscnwrp @424 0x0000
struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes @428
ub4 kscnbas @428 0x00000000
ub2 kscnwrp @432 0x0000
ub4 kcvfhtrt @444 0x00000000
6、 用bbed查看其他正常数据文件头kcvfh信息
BBED> set dba 1,1
DBA 0x00400001 (4194305 1,1)
BBED> map
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------
Data File Header
struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0
ub4 tailchk @8188
BBED> p kcvfh
struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0
……………………………………………省略部分信息………………………………………………
(KCVFHOFZ)
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x004f736e
ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32c59266
ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001
union u, 12 bytes @500
struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500
ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x00000097
ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x00000002
ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010
ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02
ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00
ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x0000026b
ub4 kcvfhrts @144 0x32c58dd9
ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x0000026a
struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @152
ub4 kscnbas @152 0x00000000
ub2 kscnwrp @156 0x0000
ub4 kcvcptim @160 0x00000000
ub2 kcvcpthr @164 0x0000
union u, 12 bytes @168
……………………………………………省略部分信息………………………………………………
struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes @420
ub4 kscnbas @420 0x003a40e3
ub2 kscnwrp @424 0x0000
struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes @428
ub4 kscnbas @428 0x00000000
ub2 kscnwrp @432 0x0000
ub4 kcvfhtrt @444 0x00000000
7、 查看正常数据文件头（1号system01数据文件头）scn转码前的值
BBED> dump offset 484 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 487 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6e734f00
<32 bytes per line>
8、 修改旧数据文件头（7号bbed01数据文件头）scn的值
BBED> m /x 6e734f00 offset 484
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf (7)
Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 995 Dba:0x01c00001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6e734f00 00000800 6c91c532 01000000 93000000 45000000 10000000 02000000
……………………………省略部分信息………………………………………………
<32 bytes per line>
9、 查看正常数据文件头（1号system01数据文件头）chckpoint_time的值
BBED> dump offset 492 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 495 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6692c532
<32 bytes per line>
10、修改旧数据文件头（7号bbed01数据文件头）checkpoint_time的值
BBED> m /x 6692c532 offset 492
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf (7)
Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 1003 Dba:0x01c00001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6692c532 01000000 93000000 45000000 10000000 02000000 00000000
……………………………省略部分信息………………………………………………
<32 bytes per line>
11、查看正常数据文件头中检查点计数器（kcvfhcpc）的值
BBED> dump offset 140 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 143 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6b020000
<32 bytes per line>
12、修改旧数据文件头中检查点计数器（kcvfhcpc）
BBED> m /x 6b020000 offset 140
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf (7)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 651 Dba:0x01c00001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6b020000 00000000 03000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
……………………………省略部分信息………………………………………………
<32 bytes per line>
13、查看正常数据文件头中控制文件备份的计数器（kcvfhccc）的值
BBED> dump offset 148 count 4
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 151 Dba:0x00400001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6a020000
<32 bytes per line>
14、修改旧数据文件头中控制文件备份的计数器（kcvfhccc）的值
BBED> m /x 6a020000 offset 148
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf (7)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 659 Dba:0x01c00001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6a020000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
……………………………省略部分信息………………………………………………
<32 bytes per line>
15、重新生成sum
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 7, Block 1:
current = 0x953d, required = 0x953d
16、查询各个数据文件头scn
SYS@orser> select file#,checkpoint_change#,name from v$datafile_header;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# NAME
---------- ------------------ --------------------------------------------------
1 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/system01.dbf
2 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/sysaux01.dbf
3 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/undotbs01.dbf
4 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/users01.dbf
5 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/index01.dbf
6 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/orser01.dbf
7 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf
9 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/iot01.dbf
10 5206894 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/example01.dbf
9 rows selected.
可以看到与其他数据文件scn已经相同
17、尝试启动数据库
SYS@orser> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01122: database file 7 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 7: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf‘
ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file
18、查看控制文件中关于bbed数据文件的信息
SYS@orser> alter session set events ‘immediate trace name controlf level 8‘;
Session altered.
SYS@orser> select value from v$diag_info where name=‘Default Trace File‘;
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orser/orser/trace/orser_ora_3558.trc
部分内容：
name #11: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf
creation size=1280 block size=8192 status=0xe head=11 tail=11 dup=1
tablespace 20, index=8 krfil=7 prev_file=0
unrecoverable scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
Checkpoint cnt:7 scn: 0x0000.004f736e 07/01/2014 21:34:30
19、 修改旧数据文件头中检查点计数器（kcvfhcpc）为控制文件记录的值
BBED> m /x 07000000 offset 140
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf (7)
Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 651 Dba:0x01c00001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
07000000 00000000 6a020000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
20、 修改旧数据文件头中控制文件备份的计数器（kcvfhccc）的值
BBED> m /x 06000000 offset 148
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orser/bbed01.dbf (7)
Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 659 Dba:0x01c00001
------------------------------------------------------------------------
06000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
21、重新生成sum
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 7, Block 1:
current = 0x953d, required = 0x953d
22、 尝试启动数据库
SYS@orser> alter database open;
Database altered.
23、 启动成功
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原文地址：http://my.oschina.net/1590538xiaokai/blog/468464
