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https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-trie-prefix-tree/
Implement a trie with insert
, search
, and startsWith
methods.
Note:
You may assume that all inputs are consist of lowercase letters a-z
.
解题思路:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trie
首先复习一下,什么叫做Trie树。Trie树的每个节点通常用来保存字符,root节点为空,下面每个父节点到子节点的指针位置,由子节点所代表的字符值决定。所以,Trie树中,通常没有value这个field。
这样,对于Trie树中的某个节点,它的所有子节点拥有相同的字符串前缀。可以看出,Trie树不是一个二叉树,因为对于任意节点,可能它有26个子节点,或者更多(在不限定为小写字母,或者其他字符的情况下)。
Trie树通常被用来做字符串搜索,或者搜索时的字符串输入提示。
本题中,search方法用来查找已经插入Trie树的字符串。要注意,不是只有到叶节点的路径才是已经插入的字符串word,也有可能先插入abcd,再插入abc。所以,对于每个节点,需要一个boolean的值来表示,这个节点到底是不是一个word,还是仅仅是一个前缀。
可以看到,Trie树中的搜索,或者一个字符串,永远是从root开始。不存在从任意节点到任意节点的word。
Trie树的实现,可以用TrieNode[],也可以用HashMap。前者的问题是,可能有很多哦sparse matrix。
下面是一个数组的实现,有了上面的思路后,代码还是比较清楚的。
class TrieNode { // Initialize your data structure here. boolean isWord; TrieNode[] next; public TrieNode() { next = new TrieNode[26]; isWord = false; } } public class Trie { private TrieNode root; public Trie() { root = new TrieNode(); } // Inserts a word into the trie. public void insert(String word) { TrieNode cur = root; for(int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) { if(cur.next[word.charAt(i) - ‘a‘] == null) { TrieNode next = new TrieNode(); cur.next[word.charAt(i) - ‘a‘] = next; } cur = cur.next[word.charAt(i) - ‘a‘]; } cur.isWord = true; } // Returns if the word is in the trie. public boolean search(String word) { TrieNode cur = root; for(int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) { cur = cur.next[word.charAt(i) - ‘a‘]; if(cur == null) { return false; } } return cur.isWord; } // Returns if there is any word in the trie // that starts with the given prefix. public boolean startsWith(String prefix) { TrieNode cur = root; for(int i = 0; i < prefix.length(); i++) { cur = cur.next[prefix.charAt(i) - ‘a‘]; if(cur == null) { return false; } } return true; } } // Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such: // Trie trie = new Trie(); // trie.insert("somestring"); // trie.search("key");
用hashMap也一样,代码如下
class TrieNode { // Initialize your data structure here. boolean isWord; Map<Character, TrieNode> next; public TrieNode() { next = new HashMap<Character, TrieNode>(); isWord = false; } } public class Trie { private TrieNode root; public Trie() { root = new TrieNode(); } // Inserts a word into the trie. public void insert(String word) { TrieNode cur = root; for(int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) { if(cur.next.get(word.charAt(i)) == null) { TrieNode next = new TrieNode(); cur.next.put(word.charAt(i), next); } cur = cur.next.get(word.charAt(i)); } cur.isWord = true; } // Returns if the word is in the trie. public boolean search(String word) { TrieNode cur = root; for(int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) { cur = cur.next.get(word.charAt(i)); if(cur == null) { return false; } } return cur.isWord; } // Returns if there is any word in the trie // that starts with the given prefix. public boolean startsWith(String prefix) { TrieNode cur = root; for(int i = 0; i < prefix.length(); i++) { cur = cur.next.get(prefix.charAt(i)); if(cur == null) { return false; } } return true; } } // Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such: // Trie trie = new Trie(); // trie.insert("somestring"); // trie.search("key");
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/NickyYe/p/4605997.html