没事折腾struts2，遇到异常，浪费好长时间，于是干脆把所有可能的异常都给跑一遍，来个痛快的。
文件的结构
WEB-INF
|------configs
|-------struts-common.xml
|-------struts.xml
|------web.xml
遇到的异常：
WARNING: Could not find action or result: /Pro_struts2/common/login!preLogin There is no Action mapped for action name login!preLogin. - [unknown location] at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:185) at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63) at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:37) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:552) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:99) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:98) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408) at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1040) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:607) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2441) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2430) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
一般情况下struts的配置文件都是放在src文件目录下。我想把这些配置文件放到WEB-INF目录下面，然后在web.xml中告诉系统这些文件的位置。xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>Pro_struts2</display-name> <!-- 注册struts框架过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <description>指定struts.xml文件位置</description> <param-name>config</param-name> <span style="color:#ff0000;"><param-value>configs/struts.xml</param-value> </span> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
参见红色字体部分，错误原因：此处路径是相对于web.xml本身,因此路径应该修改为“../configs/struts.xml”
修改好后，服务器启动报错：
SEVERE: Dispatcher initialization failed com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.DependencyException: com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MissingDependencyException: No mapping found for dependency [type=com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory, name='default'] in public void com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.setObjectFactory(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory). at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectorsForMembers(ContainerImpl.java:144) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectorsForMethods(ContainerImpl.java:113) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectors(ContainerImpl.java:90) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectors(ContainerImpl.java:86) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$1.create(ContainerImpl.java:71) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$1.create(ContainerImpl.java:67) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.util.ReferenceCache$CallableCreate.call(ReferenceCache.java:150) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.util.ReferenceCache.internalCreate(ReferenceCache.java:76) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.util.ReferenceCache.get(ReferenceCache.java:116) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.inject(ContainerImpl.java:490) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$6.call(ContainerImpl.java:530) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$6.call(ContainerImpl.java:528) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.callInContext(ContainerImpl.java:584) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.inject(ContainerImpl.java:528) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:257) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:279) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:260) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:105) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4809) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5485) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:632) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:670) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1839) at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) Caused by: com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MissingDependencyException: No mapping found for dependency [type=com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory, name='default'] in public void com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.setObjectFactory(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory). at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.createParameterInjector(ContainerImpl.java:239) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.getParametersInjectors(ContainerImpl.java:229) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.<init>(ContainerImpl.java:293) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$3.create(ContainerImpl.java:117) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$3.create(ContainerImpl.java:114) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectorsForMembers(ContainerImpl.java:141) ... 38 more Jul 02, 2014 3:34:30 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart SEVERE: Exception starting filter struts com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MissingDependencyException: No mapping found for dependency [type=com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory, name='default'] in public void com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.setObjectFactory(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory). - Class: com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl File: ContainerImpl.java Method: addInjectorsForMembers Line: 144 - com/opensymphony/xwork2/inject/ContainerImpl.java:144:-1 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:501) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:279) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:260) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:105) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4809) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5485) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:632) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:670) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1839) at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) Caused by: com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.DependencyException: com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MissingDependencyException: No mapping found for dependency [type=com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory, name='default'] in public void com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.setObjectFactory(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory). at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectorsForMembers(ContainerImpl.java:144) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectorsForMethods(ContainerImpl.java:113) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectors(ContainerImpl.java:90) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectors(ContainerImpl.java:86) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$1.create(ContainerImpl.java:71) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$1.create(ContainerImpl.java:67) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.util.ReferenceCache$CallableCreate.call(ReferenceCache.java:150) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.util.ReferenceCache.internalCreate(ReferenceCache.java:76) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.util.ReferenceCache.get(ReferenceCache.java:116) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.inject(ContainerImpl.java:490) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$6.call(ContainerImpl.java:530) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$6.call(ContainerImpl.java:528) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.callInContext(ContainerImpl.java:584) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.inject(ContainerImpl.java:528) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:257) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489) ... 19 more Caused by: com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MissingDependencyException: No mapping found for dependency [type=com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory, name='default'] in public void com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.setObjectFactory(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory). at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.createParameterInjector(ContainerImpl.java:239) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.getParametersInjectors(ContainerImpl.java:229) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$MethodInjector.<init>(ContainerImpl.java:293) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$3.create(ContainerImpl.java:117) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl$3.create(ContainerImpl.java:114) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.ContainerImpl.addInjectorsForMembers(ContainerImpl.java:141) ... 38 more
错误原因，当struts.xml文件不再src下时，无法自动关联到strtus-default.xml文件，因此需要以下配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>Pro_struts2</display-name> <!-- 注册struts框架过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <description>指定struts.xml文件位置</description> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value><span style="color:#ff0000;">struts-default.xml,</span>../configs/struts.xml</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
这样处理之后，启动就不会报错了。
由于struts文件也被分割成两个文件，struts.xml 使用include标签将sturts-common.xml包含进来。sturts.xml文件内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <!-- 这些属性可以再struts的StrutsConstant.java中找到 --> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant> <constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="MessageResource"></constant> <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="utf-8"></constant> <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true"></constant> <include file="struts-common.xml"></include> </struts>
服务器启动没有问题，但是无法访问到sturts-common.xml中的Action，报错信息如下
SEVERE: Could not find action or result /Pro_struts2/common/login!preLogin There is no Action mapped for action name login. - [unknown location] at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:185) at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63) at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:37) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:552) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:99) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:98) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408) at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1040) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:607) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2441) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2430) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
错误原因：虽然sturts.xml在configs文件夹中，但是编译后struts.xml文件的位置是在WEB-INF/classes下面的，因此相对路径应该相对于classes文件夹。修改如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <!-- 这些属性可以再struts的StrutsConstant.java中找到 --> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant> <constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="MessageResource"></constant> <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="utf-8"></constant> <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true"></constant> <include file="<span style="color:#ff0000;">../configs/</span>struts-common.xml"></include> </struts>
关于Struts2中struts.xml文件分层问题,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/sunshoupo211/article/details/36421617
