3
Pirates
HDUacm
HDUACM

8
8
8

Hint

The string “Pirates”, can type this way, Shift, p, i, r, a, t, e, s, the answer is 8.
The string “HDUacm”, can type this way, Caps lock, h, d, u, Caps lock, a, c, m, the answer is 8
The string "HDUACM", can type this way Caps lock h, d, u, a, c, m, Caps lock, the answer is 8
 

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int const MAX = 105;
char s[MAX];
int dp[MAX][2];

bool judge(char ch)
{
    if(ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
        return true;
    return false;
}

int main()
{
    int T;
    scanf("%d", &T);
    while(T--)
    {
        scanf("%s", s + 1);
        int len = strlen(s + 1);
        memset(dp,0, sizeof(dp));
        dp[0][1] =  1;
        for(int i = 1; i <= len; i++)
        {
            if(judge(s[i]))
            {
                dp[i][1] = min(dp[i - 1][1] + 1, dp[i - 1][0] + 2);
                dp[i][0] = min(dp[i - 1][0] + 2, dp[i - 1][1] + 2);
            }
            else
            {
                dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][1] + 2;
                dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + 1;
            }
        }
        printf("%d\n", min(dp[len][0], dp[len][1] + 1));
    }
}