一.安装ldap
[root@dev ~]# yum install openldap openldap-* -y [root@dev ~]# yum install nscd nss-pam-ldapd nss-* pcre pcre-* -y
二.配置ldap
[root@dev ~]# cd /etc/openldap/ [root@dev openldap]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 13 20:10 certs -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 282 Jun 21 17:19 ldap.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 13 20:10 schema drwx------ 3 ldap ldap 4096 Jul 13 20:10 slapd.d
复制配置文件
[root@dev openldap]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/slapd.conf.obsolete slapd.conf [root@dev openldap]# cp slapd.conf slapd.conf_`date +%Y%m%d`.bak
设置ldap管理员密码
[root@dev openldap]# slappasswd -s weyee
{SSHA}4zVLzQItaa9wp00xF7oSynhPPNKfGyJ1
[root@dev openldap]# slappasswd -s weyee |sed -e "s#{SSHA}#rootpw\t{SSHA}#g" >>/etc/openldap/slapd.conf #设置密码是weyee
[root@dev openldap]# tail -1 /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
rootpw {SSHA}6jZP4UfMlMfN0XKPch70R5+TiRCV+yT7修改dc配置
[root@dev openldap]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf #以下参数大概在114行 database bdb #使用bdb数据库 suffix "dc=dev,dc=com" #定义dc，指定搜索的域 rootdn "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com" #定义管理员的dn，使用这个dn能登陆openldap
优化ldap配置参数
[root@dev openldap]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf loglevel 296 #定义日志级别 cachesize 1000 #换成条目数 checkpoint 2048 10 #表示内存中达到2048k或者10分钟，执行一次checkpoint，即写入数据文件的操作
配置相关权限
[root@dev openldap]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf #删除默认权限，将下面的内容都删除 database config access to * by dn.exact="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" manage by * none # enable server status monitoring (cn=monitor) database monitor access to * by dn.exact="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" read by dn.exact="cn=Manager,dc=my-domain,dc=com" read by * none #添加新的权限(这是2.3的权限设置方式) access to * by self write by anonymous auth by * read
配置syslog记录ldap的服务日志
[root@dev openldap]# cp /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf_`date +%Y%m%d`.bak #往配置文件中增加如下内容 [root@dev openldap]# tail -1 /etc/rsyslog.conf local4.* /var/log/ldap.log #重启rsyslog服务 [root@dev openldap]# /etc/init.d/rsyslog restart Shutting down system logger: [ OK ] Starting system logger: [ OK ]
配置ldap数据库路径
#创建数据文件 [root@dev openldap]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG [root@dev openldap]# chown ldap.ldap /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG [root@dev openldap]# chmod 700 /var/lib/ldap/ [root@dev openldap]# ll /var/lib/ldap/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 ldap ldap 845 Jul 13 21:05 DB_CONFIG [root@dev openldap]# egrep -v "\#|^$" /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG set_cachesize 0 268435456 1 set_lg_regionmax 262144 set_lg_bsize 2097152 [root@dev openldap]# slaptest -u #检查配置文件是否正常 config file testing succeeded
ldap最后的完整配置如下
[root@dev openldap]# egrep -v "\#|^$" /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG
set_cachesize 0 268435456 1
set_lg_regionmax 262144
set_lg_bsize 2097152
[root@dev openldap]# slaptest -u
config file testing succeeded
[root@dev openldap]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
include /etc/openldap/schema/corba.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/duaconf.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/dyngroup.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/java.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/misc.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/openldap.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/ppolicy.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/collective.schema
allow bind_v2
pidfile /var/run/openldap/slapd.pid
argsfile /var/run/openldap/slapd.args
TLSCACertificatePath /etc/openldap/certs
TLSCertificateFile "\"OpenLDAP Server\""
TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/openldap/certs/password
access to *
by self write
by anonymous auth
by * read
database bdb
suffix "dc=dev,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com"
directory /var/lib/ldap
index objectClass eq,pres
index ou,cn,mail,surname,givenname eq,pres,sub
index uidNumber,gidNumber,loginShell eq,pres
index uid,memberUid eq,pres,sub
index nisMapName,nisMapEntry eq,pres,sub
rootpw {SSHA}6jZP4UfMlMfN0XKPch70R5+TiRCV+yT7
loglevel 296
cachesize 1000
checkpoint 2048 10三.启动ldap服务
[root@dev ~]# /etc/init.d/slapd start Starting slapd: [ OK ] [root@dev ~]# ps aux |grep ldap ldap 2012 0.3 1.9 490532 19656 ? Ssl 21:13 0:00 /usr/sbin/slapd -h ldap:/// ldapi:/// -u ldap root 2018 0.0 0.0 103248 872 pts/0 S+ 21:14 0:00 grep ldap [root@dev ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep slapd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2012/slapd tcp 0 0 :::389 :::* LISTEN 2012/slapd #普通端口389，加密后的是689 #添加到开机自启动 [root@dev ~]# chkconfig slapd on #查看日志文件 [root@dev ~]# tail /var/log/ldap.log Jul 13 21:14:00 dev slapd[2011]: @(#) $OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.39 (Oct 15 2014 09:51:43) $#012#011mockbuild@c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org:/builddir/build/BUILD/openldap-2.4.39/openldap-2.4.39/build-servers/servers/slapd
查询一下ldap的内容
[root@dev ~]# ldapsearch -LLL -W -x -H ldap://dev.com -D "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com" -b "dc=dev,dc=com" "(uid=*)" Enter LDAP Password: ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49) #这里报错 #解决如下，删除默认2.4的配置文件，重新生成2.3的配置文件 [root@dev ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/* [root@dev ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/ 55a3bf76 bdb_monitor_db_open: monitoring disabled; configure monitor database to enable config file testing succeeded [ OK ] [root@dev ~]# ll /etc/openldap/slapd.d/ total 8 drwxr-x--- 3 root root 4096 Jul 13 21:39 cn=config -rw------- 1 root root 1302 Jul 13 21:39 cn=config.ldif #重启服务 [root@dev ~]# /etc/init.d/slapd restart Stopping slapd: [ OK ] Checking configuration files for slapd: [FAILED] 55a3bfd6 ldif_read_file: Permission denied for "/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif" slaptest: bad configuration file! [root@dev ~]# chown -R ldap.ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d [root@dev ~]# /etc/init.d/slapd restart Stopping slapd: [FAILED] Starting slapd: [ OK ] [root@dev ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep slapd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5906/slapd tcp 0 0 :::389 :::* LISTEN 5906/slapd #再重新查询ldap内容 [root@dev ~]# ldapsearch -LLL -W -x -H ldap://dev.com -D "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com" -b "dc=dev,dc=com" "(uid=*)" Enter LDAP Password: #密码是上文中的weyee No such object (32) #ldap中还没有任何数据
附上2个脚本
添加本地存在用户到目录服务
#脚本内容
[root@dev ~]# cat ldapuser.sh
###### ldapuser script start ######
# extract local users who have 500-999 digit UID
# replace "SUFFIX=***" to your own suffix
# this is an example
#!/bin/bash
SUFFIX=‘dc=dev,dc=com‘
LDIF=‘ldapuser.ldif‘
echo -n > $LDIF
for line in `grep "x:[5-9][0-9][0-9]:" /etc/passwd | sed -e "s/ /%/g"`
do
UID1=`echo $line | cut -d: -f1`
NAME=`echo $line | cut -d: -f5 | cut -d, -f1`
if [ ! "$NAME" ]
then
NAME=$UID1
else
NAME=`echo $NAME | sed -e "s/%/ /g"`
fi
SN=`echo $NAME | awk ‘{print $2}‘`
if [ ! "$SN" ]
then
SN=$NAME
fi
GIVEN=`echo $NAME | awk ‘{print $1}‘`
UID2=`echo $line | cut -d: -f3`
GID=`echo $line | cut -d: -f4`
PASS=`grep $UID1: /etc/shadow | cut -d: -f2`
SHELL=`echo $line | cut -d: -f7`
HOME=`echo $line | cut -d: -f6`
EXPIRE=`passwd -S $UID1 | awk ‘{print $7}‘`
FLAG=`grep $UID1: /etc/shadow | cut -d: -f9`
if [ ! "$FLAG" ]
then
FLAG="0"
fi
WARN=`passwd -S $UID1 | awk ‘{print $6}‘`
MIN=`passwd -S $UID1 | awk ‘{print $4}‘`
MAX=`passwd -S $UID1 | awk ‘{print $5}‘`
LAST=`grep $UID1: /etc/shadow | cut -d: -f3`
echo "dn: uid=$UID1,ou=people,$SUFFIX" >> $LDIF
echo "objectClass: inetOrgPerson" >> $LDIF
echo "objectClass: posixAccount" >> $LDIF
echo "objectClass: shadowAccount" >> $LDIF
echo "uid: $UID1" >> $LDIF
echo "sn: $SN" >> $LDIF
echo "givenName: $GIVEN" >> $LDIF
echo "cn: $NAME" >> $LDIF
echo "displayName: $NAME" >> $LDIF
echo "uidNumber: $UID2" >> $LDIF
echo "gidNumber: $GID" >> $LDIF
echo "userPassword: {crypt}$PASS" >> $LDIF
echo "gecos: $NAME" >> $LDIF
echo "loginShell: $SHELL" >> $LDIF
echo "homeDirectory: $HOME" >> $LDIF
echo "shadowExpire: $EXPIRE" >> $LDIF
echo "shadowFlag: $FLAG" >> $LDIF
echo "shadowWarning: $WARN" >> $LDIF
echo "shadowMin: $MIN" >> $LDIF
echo "shadowMax: $MAX" >> $LDIF
echo "shadowLastChange: $LAST" >> $LDIF
echo >> $LDIF
done
###### ldapuser script end ######
#使用方法
[root@dev ~]# sh ldapuser.sh
[root@dev ~]# ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com -W -f ldapuser.ldif添加本地存在组到目录服务
#脚本内容
[root@dev ~]# cat ldapgroup.sh
# extract local groups who have 500-999 digit UID
# replace "SUFFIX=***" to your own suffix
# this is an example
#!/bin/bash
SUFFIX=‘dc=dev,dc=com‘
LDIF=‘ldapgroup.ldif‘
echo -n > $LDIF
for line in `grep "x:[5-9][0-9][0-9]:" /etc/group`
do
CN=`echo $line | cut -d: -f1`
GID=`echo $line | cut -d: -f3`
echo "dn: cn=$CN,ou=groups,$SUFFIX" >> $LDIF
echo "objectClass: posixGroup" >> $LDIF
echo "cn: $CN" >> $LDIF
echo "gidNumber: $GID" >> $LDIF
users=`echo $line | cut -d: -f4 | sed "s/,/ /g"`
for user in ${users} ; do
echo "memberUid: ${user}" >> $LDIF
done
echo >> $LDIF
done
#使用方法和前面的脚本一样添加一个系统用户，使用脚本添加进ldap中
#创建系统用户user1，设置密码user1 [root@dev ~]# useradd user1 [root@dev ~]# passwd user1 Changing password for user user1. New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too short BAD PASSWORD: is too simple Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
四.安装migrationtools
[root@dev ~]# yum install migrationtools -y
编辑migrationtool的配置文件/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph
[root@dev ~]# vim /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph # Default DNS domain $DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "dev.com"; # Default base $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=dev,dc=com";
下面利用pl脚本将/etc/passwd 和/etc/shadow生成LDAP能读懂的文件格式，保存在/tmp/下
[root@dev ~]# /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_base.pl >/tmp/base.ldif [root@dev ~]# /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_passwd.pl /etc/passwd >/tmp/passwd.ldif [root@dev ~]# /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_passwd.pl /etc/group >/tmp/group.ldif
下面就要把这三个文件导入到LDAP，这样LDAP的数据库里就有了我们想要的用户
#导入base [root@dev ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com" -W -f /tmp/base.ldif Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Hosts,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Rpc,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Services,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "nisMapName=netgroup.byuser,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Mounts,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Networks,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Group,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Netgroup,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Protocols,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Aliases,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "nisMapName=netgroup.byhost,dc=dev,dc=com" #导入passwd [root@dev ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com" -W -f /tmp/passwd.ldif Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "uid=root,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=bin,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=daemon,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=adm,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=lp,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=sync,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=shutdown,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=halt,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=mail,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=uucp,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=operator,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=games,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=gopher,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=ftp,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=nobody,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=dbus,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=vcsa,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=abrt,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=haldaemon,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=ntp,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=saslauth,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=postfix,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=sshd,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=tcpdump,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=rpc,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=hacluster,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=rpcuser,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=nfsnobody,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=ldap,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=nscd,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=nslcd,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=user1,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com" #导入group [root@dev ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com" -W -f /tmp/group.ldif
再次查询ldap的内容
[root@dev ~]# ldapsearch -LLL -W -x -H ldap://dev.com -D "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com" -b "dc=dev,dc=com" "(uid=user1)" Enter LDAP Password: dn: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com uid: user1 #这里我们只查询user1 cn: user1 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fSQxJC5CTHJNWDJEJE9FYnNMc2N4S3NQQ2liLk5uVC5ZMTA= shadowLastChange: 16629 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 500 gidNumber: 500 homeDirectory: /home/user1 #不用输入密码查询 [root@dev ~]# ldapsearch -LLL -w weyee -x -H ldap://dev.com -D "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com" -b "dc=dev,dc=com" "(uid=user1)" dn: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=dev,dc=com uid: user1 cn: user1 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fSQxJC5CTHJNWDJEJE9FYnNMc2N4S3NQQ2liLk5uVC5ZMTA= shadowLastChange: 16629 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 500 gidNumber: 500 homeDirectory: /home/user1
备份ldap数据
[root@dev ~]# ldapsearch -LLL -w weyee -x -H ldap://dev.com -D "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=com" -b "dc=dev,dc=com" >ldap.bak
五.安装配置ldap客户端phpladpadmin
#安装epel源 [root@dev ~]# yum install httpd php php-ldap php-gd -y
本文出自 “ly36843运维” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://ly36843.blog.51cto.com/3120113/1673892
原文地址：http://ly36843.blog.51cto.com/3120113/1673892
