手把手教你学会 Emacs 定制

其实这个有更好的解决办法，因为你可以使用theme插件，里面包含了几十种常用的主题。但是这里仅仅介绍一些最基本的配置方案，后续我会介绍相应的主题配置方法。

;;设置字体颜色为黑色，默认为黑色
(set-foreground-color "grey")
;;设置背景为黑色，默认为白色，你也可以自由设置其它颜色
(set-background-color "black")
;;设置光标的颜色为金黄，默认为黑色
(set-cursor-color "gold1")
;;设置鼠标的颜色
(set-mouse-color "gold1")

;; 设置语法高亮显示的背景和主题，区域选择的背景和主题，二次选择的背景和选择
(set-face-foreground ‘highlight "white")
(set-face-background ‘highlight "blue")
(set-face-foreground ‘region "cyan")
(set-face-background ‘region "blue")
(set-face-foreground ‘secondary-selection "skyblue")
(set-face-background ‘secondary-selection "darkblue")

;; 实现全屏效果，快捷键为f11
(global-set-key [f11] ‘my-fullscreen) 
(defun my-fullscreen ()
(interactive)
(x-send-client-message
nil 0 nil "_NET_WM_STATE" 32
‘(2 "_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN" 0))
)


;; 最大化
(defun my-maximized ()
(interactive)
(x-send-client-message
nil 0 nil "_NET_WM_STATE" 32
‘(2 "_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ" 0))
(x-send-client-message
nil 0 nil "_NET_WM_STATE" 32
‘(2 "_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT" 0))
)

;; 启动emacs时窗口最大化
(my-maximized)

;;显示行列号,它显示在minibuffer上面那个杠上
(setq column-number-mode t)
(setq line-number-mode t)

;;设置滚动栏在窗口右侧，默认是在左侧
(customize-set-variable ‘scroll-bar-mode‘ right)

;;取消滚动栏
(set-scroll-bar-mode nil)

;;取消工具栏
(tool-bar-mode nil)

;; 禁用菜单栏，F10 开启关闭菜单
(menu-bar-mode nil)

;;设置标题栏为buffer的内容
(setq frame-title-format "emacs@%b")

;; 设置启动时窗口的长宽，下面为90*35
(setq initial-frame-alist ‘((width . 90) (height . 35)))

;;关闭出错时的提示声
(setq visible-bell t)

;;关闭emacs启动时的画面
(setq inhibit-startup-message t)

;;关闭gnus启动时的画面
(setq gnus-inhibit-startup-message t)

;;允许屏幕左移
(put ‘scroll-left ‘disabled nil) 

;;允许屏幕右移
(put ‘scroll-right ‘disabled nil) 

;;启用时间显示设置，在minibuffer上面的那个杠上
(display-time-mode 1)

;;时间使用24小时制
(setq display-time-24hr-format t)

;;时间显示包括日期和具体时间
(setq display-time-day-and-date t)

说实话，日历这个我平时不常用。一般有org模式来做日程管理，关于org-mode，后面我会详细介绍，它是一个强大的日程管理插件，非常优秀（前提是你学会使用）。

;;设置日历的一些颜色
(setq calendar-load-hook
‘(lambda ()
(set-face-foreground ‘diary-face "skyblue")
(set-face-background ‘holiday-face "slate blue")
(set-face-foreground ‘holiday-face "white")))

;; 设置阴历显示，在 calendar 上用 pC 显示阴历
(setq chinese-calendar-celestial-stem
["甲" "乙" "丙" "丁" "戊" "己" "庚" "辛" "壬" "癸"])
(setq chinese-calendar-terrestrial-branch
["子" "丑" "寅" "卯" "辰" "巳" "戊" "未" "申" "酉" "戌" "亥"])

;; 设置 calendar 的显示
(setq calendar-remove-frame-by-deleting t)

;;设置星期一为每周的第一天
(setq calendar-week-start-day 1) 

;; 去掉不关心的节日，设定自己在意的节日，在 calendar 上用 h 显示节日
;; 在这里，可以把家人还有朋友的生日写上
(setq christian-holidays nil)
(setq hebrew-holidays nil)
(setq islamic-holidays nil)
(setq solar-holidays nil)
(setq general-holidays ‘((holiday-fixed 1 1 "元旦")
(holiday-fixed 2 14 "情人节")
(holiday-fixed 3 14 "白色情人节")
(holiday-fixed 4 1 "愚人节")
(holiday-fixed 5 1 "劳动节")
(holiday-float 5 0 2 "母亲节")
(holiday-fixed 6 1 "儿童节")
(holiday-float 6 0 3 "父亲节")
(holiday-fixed 7 1 "建党节")
(holiday-fixed 8 1 "建军节")
(holiday-fixed 9 10 "教师节")
(holiday-fixed 10 1 "国庆节")
(holiday-fixed 12 25 "圣诞节")))

;;设置打开文件的缺省路径，这里audio，我的主要工作目录就是在这里
;;默认的路径为“～/”
(setq default-directory "～/audio")

;;设置M-/作为标志位，默认C-@来setmark,C-@不太好用
(global-set-key (kbd "M-/") ‘set-mark-command)

;;改变Emacs要你回答yes的行为。按y或空格键表示yes，n表示no。
(fset ‘yes-or-no-p ‘y-or-n-p)

;;禁止在鼠标点击的地方插入剪贴板内容
(setq mouse-yank-at-point t)

;;所有模式中都自动填充
(setq-default auto-fill-function ‘do-auto-fill)

;;设置默认的文档宽度
(setq default-fill-column 60)

;;不用 TAB 字符来indent, 这会引起很多奇怪的错误。
;;编辑 Makefile 的时候也不用担心，因为 makefile-mode 会把 TAB 键设置成真正的 TAB 字符，并且加亮显示的
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)
(setq default-tab-width 8)
(setq tab-stop-list ())

;;防止页面滚动时跳动
;;scroll-margin 3 可以在靠近屏幕边沿3行时就开始滚动
;;scroll-step 1 设置每次都是一行一行向下翻，更有连贯性。
(setq scroll-step 1 
scroll-margin 3 
scroll-conservatively 10000)

;;设置缺省主模式是text，,并进入auto-fill次模式.
;;而不是基本模式fundamental-mode
(setq default-major-mode ‘text-mode)
(add-hook ‘text-mode-hook ‘turn-on-auto-fill)

;;打开括号匹配显示模式
(setq show-paren-mode t) 

;;括号匹配时可以高亮显示另外一边的括号，但光标不会烦人的跳到另一个括号处。
(setq show-paren-style ‘parenthesis)

;;让 Emacs 可以直接打开和显示图片。
(setq auto-image-file-mode t)

;; 不自动保存模式
(setq auto-save-mode nil)

;;允许emacs和外部其他程序的粘贴
(setq x-select-enable-clipboard t)

;; 自动的在文件末增加一新行
(setq require-final-newline t)

;; 当光标在行尾上下移动的时候，始终保持在行尾。
(setq track-eol t)

;; 设置时间戳，标识出最后一次保存文件的时间。
(setq time-stamp-active t)
(setq time-stamp-warn-inactive t)
(setq time-stamp-format "%:y-%02m-%02d %3a %02H:%02M:%02S chunyu")

;Emacs的插件一般都是一个以el为后缀名的文件, 把这个文件下载下来后放到一个目录, 比如~/emacs/lisps, 然后执行下面这两条语句:

(add-to-list ‘load-path "~/emacs/lisps")
(require ‘pluginname)

;;把C-j绑定到”到达指定行上”(goto-line)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-j") ‘goto-line)

;;对c++-mode进行快捷键定制, 用define-key即可
;;define-key第一个参数map一般为mode后面直接加”-map”

(define-key c++-mode-map (kbd "C-j") ‘goto-line)


;; 设置默认tab宽度为2
(setq tab-width 2
indent-tabs-mode t
c-basic-offset 2)

;; 回车缩进
(global-set-key "\C-m" ‘newline-and-indent)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-<return>") ‘newline)

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; 实现不设置标志就能复制
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;;复制单词

(defun copy-word (&optional arg)
"Copy words at point into kill-ring"
(interactive "P")
(copy-thing ‘backward-word ‘forward-word arg)
(paste-to-mark arg))
;;绑定键
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c w")         (quote copy-word))

;;复制一行
(defun copy-line (&optional arg)
"Save current line into Kill-Ring without mark the line "
(interactive "P")
(copy-thing ‘beginning-of-line ‘end-of-line arg)
(paste-to-mark arg))
;;绑定键
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c l")         (quote copy-line))

;;复制一段
(defun copy-paragraph (&optional arg)
"Copy paragraphes at point"
(interactive "P")
(copy-thing ‘backward-paragraph ‘forward-paragraph arg)
(paste-to-mark arg))
;;绑定键
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c p")(quote copy-paragraph))


;;复制字符串
(defun beginning-of-string(&optional arg)
"  "
(re-search-backward "[ \t]" (line-beginning-position) 3 1)
(if (looking-at "[\t ]")  (goto-char (+ (point) 1)) )
)

(defun end-of-string(&optional arg)
" "
(re-search-forward "[ \t]" (line-end-position) 3 arg)
(if (looking-back "[\t ]") (goto-char (- (point) 1)) )
)

(defun thing-copy-string-to-mark(&optional arg)
" Try to copy a string and paste it to the mark
When used in shell-mode, it will paste string on shell prompt by default "
(interactive "P")
(copy-thing ‘beginning-of-string ‘end-of-string arg)
(paste-to-mark arg))
;;绑定键
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c s")         (quote thing-copy-string-to-mark))


(defun beginning-of-parenthesis(&optional arg)
"  "
(re-search-backward "[[<(?\"]" (line-beginning-position) 3 1)
(if (looking-at "[[<(?\"]")  (goto-char (+ (point) 1)) )
)

(defun end-of-parenthesis(&optional arg)
" "
(re-search-forward "[]>)?\"]" (line-end-position) 3 arg)
(if (looking-back "[]>)?\"]") (goto-char (- (point) 1)) )
)

(defun thing-copy-parenthesis-to-mark(&optional arg)
" Try to copy a parenthesis and paste it to the mark
When used in shell-mode, it will paste parenthesis on shell prompt by default "
(interactive "P")
(copy-thing ‘beginning-of-parenthesis ‘end-of-parenthesis arg)
(paste-to-mark arg))
;;绑定键
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c a")         (quote thing-copy-parenthesis-to-mark))


;;所有以上几个函数，都依赖于下面这三个基础函数，由他们三个负责完成实际的工作。

(defun get-point (symbol &optional arg)
"get the point"
(funcall symbol arg)
(point))

(defun copy-thing (begin-of-thing end-of-thing &optional arg)
"copy thing between beg & end into kill ring"
(let ((beg (get-point begin-of-thing 1))
(end (get-point end-of-thing arg)))
(copy-region-as-kill beg end)))

(defun paste-to-mark(&optional arg)
"Paste things to mark, or to the prompt in shell-mode"
(let ((pasteMe 
(lambda()
(if (string= "shell-mode" major-mode)
(progn (comint-next-prompt 25535) (yank))
(progn (goto-char (mark)) (yank) )))))
(if arg
(if (= arg 1)
nil
(funcall pasteMe))
(funcall pasteMe))
))

;;绑定键的设置最好放在配置文件的最后，以免被后面的配置文件覆盖

;;设置F1打开帮助文档
(global-set-key [f1] ‘info)

;;设置F2为恢复键 
(global-set-key [f2] ‘undo) 

;;设置F3关闭当前buffer 
(global-set-key [f3] ‘kill-this-buffer) 

;;设置F4打开一个终端，可以绑定：eshell,shell,terminal-emulator 
(global-set-key [f4] ‘term)

;;C-f5 设置编译命令
;;f5 保存所有文件然后编译当前窗口文件
(defun du-onekey-compile ()
"Save buffers and start compile"
(interactive)
(save-some-buffers t)
(switch-to-buffer-other-window "*compilation*")
(compile compile-command))
(global-set-key [C-f5] ‘compile)
(global-set-key [f5] ‘du-onekey-compile)

;;F6设置为在Emacs中调用gdb
(global-set-key [f6] ‘gdb) 

;;可以显示所有目录以及文件
(setq speedbar-show-unknown-files t)

;;设置f9调用speedbar命令
;;使用 n 和 p 可以上下移动，
;; + 展开目录或文件进行浏览，- 收缩，RET 访问目录或文件，g 更新 speedbar。
(global-set-key [f9] ‘speedbar)

;;设置F10打开／关闭菜单 
(global-set-key [f10] ‘menu-bar-mode) 

;; 设置F11快捷键指定Emacs 的日历系统
(global-set-key [f11] ‘calendar)

;; 设置F12 快速察看日程安排
(global-set-key [f12] ‘list-bookmarks)

;; "C-,"设为屏幕左移命令
(global-set-key (kbd "C-,") ‘scroll-left)

;; "C-."设为屏幕右移命令
(global-set-key (kbd "C-.") ‘scroll-right)

;; C语言模式
(add-hook ‘c-mode-hook
‘(lambda ()

;;把c语言风格设置为k&r风格
(c-set-style "k&r")

;; 此模式下，当按Backspace时会删除最多的空格
(c-toggle-hungry-state)

;; TAB键的宽度设置为4
(setq c-basic-offset 4)

;; 在菜单中加入当前Buffer的函数索引
(imenu-add-menubar-index)

;; 在状态条上显示当前光标在哪个函数体内部
(which-function-mode)))

;; C++语言模式
(add-hook ‘c++-mode-hook
‘(lambda()

;;把C++语言风格设置为stroustrup风格
(c-set-style "stroustrup")
(c-toggle-auto-state)
(c-toggle-hungry-state)
(setq c-basic-offset 4)
(imenu-add-menubar-index)
(which-function-mode)))


;; JAVA语言模式
(add-hook ‘java-mode-hook
‘(lambda()

(c-set-style "java")

(c-toggle-auto-state)

(c-toggle-hungry-state)

(setq c-basic-offset 4)

(imenu-add-menubar-index)

(which-function-mode)))


;;能把一个代码块缩起来，需要的时候再展开
;; M-x hs-minor-mode
;; C-c @ ESC C-s show all
;; C-c @ ESC C-h hide all
;; C-c @ C-s show block
;; C-c @ C-h hide block
;; C-c @ C-c toggle hide/show
(load-library "hideshow")
(add-hook ‘c-mode-hook ‘hs-minor-mode)
(add-hook ‘c++-mode-hook ‘hs-minor-mode)
(add-hook ‘java-mode-hook ‘hs-minor-mode)
(add-hook ‘perl-mode-hook ‘hs-minor-mode)
(add-hook ‘php-mode-hook ‘hs-minor-mode)
(add-hook ‘emacs-lisp-mode-hook ‘hs-minor-mode)


;;自动补全右边的部分.包括<>, "", ‘‘, (), //, [] , {}等等。
(defun my-c-mode-auto-pair ()
(interactive)
(make-local-variable ‘skeleton-pair-alist)
(setq skeleton-pair-alist ‘(

;;自动补全<>
(?\< ? _ ">")

;;自动补全//
(?` ?` _ "/")

;;自动补全()
(?\( ? _ " )")

;;自动补全[]
(?\[ ? _ " ]")

;;设自动补全""
(?\" ? _ "\"")

;;自动补全‘‘
(?\‘ ? _ "‘")

;;自动补全{}
(?{ \n > _ \n ?} >)))

(setq skeleton-pair t)
(local-set-key (kbd "<") ‘skeleton-pair-insert-maybe)
(local-set-key (kbd "/") ‘skeleton-pair-insert-maybe)
(local-set-key (kbd "(") ‘skeleton-pair-insert-maybe)
(local-set-key (kbd "/") ‘skeleton-pair-insert-maybe)
(local-set-key (kbd "‘") ‘skeleton-pair-insert-maybe)
(local-set-key (kbd "\"") ‘skeleton-pair-insert-maybe)
(local-set-key (kbd "[") ‘skeleton-pair-insert-maybe)
(local-set-key (kbd "{") ‘skeleton-pair-insert-maybe))
(add-hook ‘c-mode-hook ‘my-c-mode-auto-pair)
(add-hook ‘c++-mode-hook ‘my-c-mode-auto-pair)