码迷,mamicode.com
首页 > 其他好文 > 详细

UVa1368.DNA Consensus String

时间:2014-07-08 23:25:19      阅读:353      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:des   style   blog   http   color   strong   

原题链接:http://uva.onlinejudge.org/index.php?option=com_onlinejudge&Itemid=8&page=show_problem&problem=4114

 

13845357 1368 DNA Consensus String Accepted C++ 0.022 2014-07-07 12:29:30

 

  DNA Consensus String

 

bubuko.com,布布扣

Figure 1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule which contains the genetic instructions. It consists of four different nucleotides, namely Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine as shown in Figure 1. If we represent a nucleotide by its initial character, a DNA strand can be regarded as a long string (sequence of characters) consisting of the four characters A, T, G, and C. For example, assume we are given some part of a DNA strand which is composed of the following sequence of nucleotides:


``Thymine-Adenine-Adenine-Cytosine-Thymine-Guanine-Cytosine-Cytosine-Guanine-Adenine-Thymine"

 


Then we can represent the above DNA strand with the string ``TAACTGCCGAT." The biologist Prof. Ahn found that a gene X commonly exists in the DNA strands of five different kinds of animals, namely dogs, cats, horses, cows, and monkeys. He also discovered that the DNA sequences of the gene X from each animal were very alike. See Figure 2.

 


 

  DNA sequence of gene X
Cat: GCATATGGCTGTGCA
Dog: GCAAATGGCTGTGCA
Horse: GCTAATGGGTGTCCA
Cow: GCAAATGGCTGTGCA
Monkey: GCAAATCGGTGAGCA

 


Figure 2. DNA sequences of gene X in five animals.

 


Prof. Ahn thought that humans might also have the gene X and decided to search for the DNA sequence of X in human DNA. However, before searching, he should define a representative DNA sequence of gene X because its sequences are not exactly the same in the DNA of the five animals. He decided to use the Hamming distance to define the representative sequence. The Hamming distance is the number of different characters at each position from two strings of equal length. For example, assume we are given the two strings ``AGCAT" and ``GGAAT." The Hamming distance of these two strings is 2 because the 1st and the 3rd characters of the two strings are different. Using the Hamming distance, we can define a representative string for a set of multiple strings of equal length. Given a set of strings S = s1,..., sm of length n , the consensus error between a string y of length n and the set S is the sum of the Hamming distances between y and each si in S . If the consensus error between y and S is the minimum among all possible strings y of length n , y is called a consensus string of S . For example, given the three strings ``AGCAT" ``AGACT" and ``GGAAT" the consensus string of the given strings is ``AGAAT" because the sum of the Hamming distances between ``AGAAT" and the three strings is 3 which is minimal. (In this case, the consensus string is unique, but in general, there can be more than one consensus string.) We use the consensus string as a representative of the DNA sequence. For the example of Figure 2 above, a consensus string of gene X is ``GCAAATGGCTGTGCA" and the consensus error is 7.

 

Input 

Your program is to read from standard input. The input consists of T test cases. The number of test cases T is given in the first line of the input. Each test case starts with a line containing two integers m and n which are separated by a single space. The integer m (4bubuko.com,布布扣mbubuko.com,布布扣50) represents the number of DNA sequences and n (4bubuko.com,布布扣nbubuko.com,布布扣1000) represents the length of the DNA sequences, respectively. In each of the next m lines, each DNA sequence is given.

Output 

Your program is to write to standard output. Print the consensus string in the first line of each case and the consensus error in the second line of each case. If there exists more than one consensus string, print the lexicographically smallest consensus string. The following shows sample input and output for three test cases.

Sample Input 

 

3 
5 8 
TATGATAC 
TAAGCTAC 
AAAGATCC 
TGAGATAC 
TAAGATGT 
4 10 
ACGTACGTAC 
CCGTACGTAG 
GCGTACGTAT 
TCGTACGTAA 
6 10 
ATGTTACCAT 
AAGTTACGAT 
AACAAAGCAA 
AAGTTACCTT 
AAGTTACCAA 
TACTTACCAA

 

Sample Output 

 

TAAGATAC 
7 
ACGTACGTAA 
6 
AAGTTACCAA 
12


解题思路:题目要求就是招出Hamming距离最小的串,题目中的Hamming值就是与原来串不同字母的个数。要满足整体的Hamming最小,就将每个位置孤立出来单独考虑,然后暴力比较就好。


 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <cstring>
 3 #include <cstdio>
 4 #include <cstdlib>
 5 #include <cctype>
 6 #include <cmath>
 7 #include <algorithm>
 8 #include <numeric>
 9 using namespace std;
10 int main() {
11     int n, len, l; cin >> l;
12     string gene[55];
13     char TGCA[4];
14     while(l--) {
15         cin >> n >> len;
16         int cnt = 0;
17         for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
18             cin >> gene[i];
19         }
20 
21         for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
22             memset(TGCA, 0, sizeof(TGCA));
23             for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
24                 if(gene[j][i] == T) {
25                     TGCA[0] ++;
26                 } else if (gene[j][i] == G) {
27                     TGCA[1] ++;
28                 } else if (gene[j][i] == C) {
29                     TGCA[2] ++;
30                 } else if (gene[j][i] == A) {
31                     TGCA[3] ++;
32                 }
33 
34             }
35 
36             if(TGCA[0] > TGCA[1] && TGCA[0] > TGCA[2] && TGCA[0] > TGCA[3]) {
37                 cout << T;
38                 cnt += TGCA[1] + TGCA[2] + TGCA[3];
39             } else if(TGCA[1] >= TGCA[0] && TGCA[1] > TGCA[2] && TGCA[1] > TGCA[3] ) {
40                 cout << G;
41                 cnt += TGCA[0] + TGCA[2] + TGCA[3];
42             } else if(TGCA[2] >= TGCA[0] && TGCA[2] >= TGCA[1] && TGCA[2] > TGCA[3]) {
43                 cout << C;
44                 cnt += TGCA[1] + TGCA[0] + TGCA[3];
45             } else if(TGCA[3] >= TGCA[0] && TGCA[3] >= TGCA[1] && TGCA[3] >= TGCA[2]) {
46                 cout << A;
47                 cnt += TGCA[1] + TGCA[2] + TGCA[0];
48             }
49 
50         }
51         cout << endl << cnt << endl;
52     }
53     return 0;
54 }

 





 

UVa1368.DNA Consensus String,布布扣,bubuko.com

UVa1368.DNA Consensus String

标签:des   style   blog   http   color   strong   

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/Destiny-Gem/p/3830399.html

(0)
(0)
   
举报
评论 一句话评论(0
登录后才能评论!
© 2014 mamicode.com 版权所有  联系我们:gaon5@hotmail.com
迷上了代码!