标签：cobbler
测试使用cobbler服务
一、基础环境
1、在tvm-base-centos66的基础上，复制一个镜像为tvm-cobbler来测试。
2、网络：
eth0：host-only（用于虚拟内网，手动固定IP，这样从宿主机可以直接连接到这个vm）
eth1：NAT（用于上外网，动态IP）
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@tvm-cobbler network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.56.252
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.56.1
[root@tvm-cobbler network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
二、配置cobbler环境
1、安装
因为局域网的yum源还没有同步epel的源，目前用公网的epel源：
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# yum makecache
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web httpd dhcp rsync tftp-server pykickstart xinetd syslinux cman
2、配置
安装后：
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# ls /etc/cobbler/
auth.conf dnsmasq.template named.template secondary.template zone.template
cheetah_macros import_rsync_whitelist power settings zone_templates
cobbler_bash iso pxe tftpd.template
completions ldap reporting users.conf
dhcp.template modules.conf rsync.exclude users.digest
distro_signatures.json mongodb.conf rsync.template version
先生成一个密码串：
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘tvm-cobbler‘
Password: （TestVM）
$1$tvm-cobb$RD9M3INq6sjYzh5Vrbf4S/
更新http的密码：
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "relbboc" cobbler
Adding user cobbler in realm relbboc
New password: （relbboc）
Re-type new password:（relbboc）
也可以通过这种方式来测试：
# authn_testing -- username/password is always testing/testing (debug)
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# sed ‘s/ = authn_configfile/ = authn_testing/‘ /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
调整防火墙，允许：
tcp
80
443
25151
udp
69
sed -i -e ‘s|@dists=.*|#@dists=|‘ /etc/debmirror.conf
sed -i -e ‘s|@arches=.*|#@arches=|‘ /etc/debmirror.conf
调整配置：
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$tvm-cobb$RD9M3INq6sjYzh5Vrbf4S/"
manage_dhcp: 1
manage_tftpd: 1
manage_rsync: 1
next_server: 192.168.56.252 # 接管DHCP服务器后，指定cobbler服务器的IP
server: 192.168.56.252 # cobbler服务器IP
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.56.252;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.56.254;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.56.150 192.168.56.199;
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# sed -i ‘s/yes/no/‘ /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# service xinetd restart
先check一下，然后按照提示检查配置。
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# cobbler check
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# service cobblerd restart
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
开机启动：
chkconfig httpd on
3、导入os镜像
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# mount -o loop /dev/scd0 /mnt
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64
task started: 2015-07-16_171121_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Jul 16 17:11:21 2015)
（等待导入完成）
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-6.5-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-6.5-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-6.5-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64 for CentOS-6.5-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# umount /mnt/
[root@tvm-cobbler ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
4、调整profiles配置。
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cp -a sample_end.ks CentOS-6.5-x86_64.ks
查看我修改了哪些配置：
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# diff sample_end.ks CentOS-6.5-x86_64.ks
21c21
< lang en_US
---
> lang en_US.UTF-8
38c38
< timezone America/New_York
---
> timezone Asia/Shanghai
44c44,48
< autopart
---
> #autopart
> part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext4" --size=200
> part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=4096
> part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext4" --size=1 --grow
>
55a60,65
> @Base
> @Development Tools
> @Chinese-Support
> ntp
> lrzsz
> git
75a86,124
>
> ### repo ###
> #
> mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /tmp/ > && wget http://mirrors.office.test/local-office.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/local-office.repo > && yum makecache
>
> ### ssh config ###
> #
> mv /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.old > && cat > /etc/ssh/sshd_config << "_SSHD"
> \# added by cobbler
> Port 22
> Protocol 2
> SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
> \#PasswordAuthentication no
> \#PermitRootLogin no
> ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
> GSSAPIAuthentication no
> GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
> UsePAM yes
> AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
> AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
> AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
> AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS
> X11Forwarding yes
> UseDNS no
> Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
> _SSHD
>
> ### datetime ###
> #
> cat > /var/spool/cron/root << "_CRON"
> \# [daily]
> \# added by cobbler
> */20 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp.office.test >/dev/null 2>&1 &
> _CRON
>
>
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64 --distro=CentOS-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.5-x86_64.ks
修改配置后，记得要sync一下来生效
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler sync
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
上述文字结尾表示正常。
验证
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2015-07-17_175218_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Fri Jul 17 17:52:18 2015)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel6
checking url: http://192.168.56.252/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-6.5-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel6" "http://192.168.56.252/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-6.5-x86_64"
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
----------------------------
osversion: rhel6
checking url: http://192.168.56.252/cblr/svc/op/ks/system/cobbler-test
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel6" "http://192.168.56.252/cblr/svc/op/ks/system/cobbler-test"
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
也可以这样：
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# curl http://192.168.56.252/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-6.5-x86_64
（略）
# End final steps
%end
上述文字结尾表示正常。
可以这样查看已经更改后的profiles的状态：
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name CentOS-6.5-x86_64
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/config/profiles.d/CentOS-6.5-x86_64.json |python -m simplejson.tool
5、调整systems配置
针对指定的客户端来指定系统配置。
咱们来试着针对指定的mac地址做一个system方面的个性化配置：
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler system edit --name=cobbler-test --profile=CentOS-6.5-x86_64 --hostname=tvm-test --interface=eth0 --mac=08:00:27:BF:43:92 --ip-address=192.168.56.200 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.56.252 --static=1 --name-servers=192.168.56.254
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler system list
cobbler-test
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler system report --name=cobbler-test
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler sync
二、在virtualbox上新建一个虚拟机来测试。
1、调整网卡，使用host-only，且去掉dhcp服务器的功能。
2、启动测试的虚拟机tvm-client1，按F12，按L键，进入pxe启动模式
三、FAQ
Q：客户端从PXE启动后，弹出蓝色菜单要选择，意味着ks没有起作用，故障在哪里？
A：检查以下内容：
-------------------------------------------------------------
试着浏览器或者curl访问下述URL：
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# curl http://192.168.56.252/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-6.5-x86_64
如果有错误，则会提示：
# This kickstart had errors that prevented it from being rendered correctly.
# The cobbler.log should have information relating to this failure.
此时可以查看日志：
[root@tvm-cobbler kickstarts]# tail /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log
-------------------------------------------------------------
ZYXW、参考
1、CENTOS6.5安装和配置COBBLER 2.4
http://blog.hackroad.com/operations-engineer/linux_server/11353.html
标签：cobbler
原文地址：http://nosmoking.blog.51cto.com/3263888/1675739
